Umboko onovelwano: isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

Novelwano nemithambo boko yenye amacandelo luvo inxalenye novelwano peripheral.

isakhiwo

Ukungqinelana isakhiwo buti onovelwano (Truncus sympathicus), yaye iindawo isibini ukuba uqhagamshele kwenye nenye imicu novelwano. data Education ibekwe ngapha nangapha kumhlathi spinal ubude balo lonke.

Nayiphi na buti node onovelwano - le nesikhungu luvo yawo enza isenza i imicu preganglionic (inxalenye enkulu yayo) ukuba siphuma umnqonqo, kusekwe isebe kokuxhuma ezimhlophe.

Imicu ezichazwe ngasentla luqhagamshelwano kunye iiseli unit esihambelanayo mhlawumbi yabhalwa amasebe inter-node kwi igazi okanye vysheraspolagayuschiysya novelwano buti node.

Amalungiselelo kokuxhuma amasebe ezimhlophe empontshwa ongentla thoracic. Le sacral, empontshwa ephantsi neendawo wesibeleko yale hlobo Akukho namasebe.

Ngaphandle amasebe ezimhlophe, qelele njengoko isebe kokuxhuma ongwevu, enamakhulu becala fibre onovelwano postganglionic kunye luvo spinal ezinxulumene amabandla umphanda. ngamasebe ukuya nganye luvo spinal, lemka ngalinye ezalathelwe buti novelwano. Njengenxalenye yale luvo baya amalungu innervated (namadlala, anencasa kunye nezihlunu striated).

Njengenxalenye buti onovelwano (anatomy) imi amasebe zilandelayo:

1. Sacral.
2. Empontshwa.
3. Chest.
4. Neck.

imisebenzi

Ngokutsho kwizahlulo isiqu novelwano nemithambo ganglia alo, kwaye kukho iinkalo eziliqela imfundo yokwakheka:

1. Innervation intloko kunye entanyeni, kwakunye nolawulo lwe ekunciphiseni ezityeni, zidle.
2. Innervation le kwisisu thoracic (amasebe buti onovelwano ukusuka kwindawo ifakiwe nokuqulunqwa kwe-luvo kwi pleura, uvalo, pericardium zesibindi lungu).
3. Innervation iindonga semithambo (eziquka plexuses-luvo) carotid eqhelekileyo, lengqula kunye subclavian yegazi kunye aorta.
4. Connect kunye nemithambo ganglion luvo plexus.
5. Thatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni celiac, aortic, sezintso isikhulu mesenteric plexus.
6. Innervation amalungu zangasese ngenxa kukuvela amasebe Zomnqamlezo ganglia lo buti onovelwano kwi plexus asezantsi hypogastric.

Icandelo wesibeleko esiqwini onovelwano

Njengenxalenye yomqolo wesibeleko, kukho iiyunithi amathathu: asezantsi, phakathi kunye eliphezulu. Ngamnye kubo sihlola.

esiludumbo Oluphezulu

fusiform Imfundo imilinganiso 20 * 5 mm. Sikhoyo kwi 2-3 omqolo wesibeleko (otrostah lwabo cross) phantsi ifascia prespinal.

Isuka evela amasebe ephambili esiludumbo abasixhenxe imicu postganglionic ukuba innervate amalungu entloko nentamo:

• Idibanisa amasebe grey ku-1, 2, 3 luvo wesibeleko lialio.
• N. jugularis (luvo jugular) yahlulwe amasebe eziliqela, amabini kuwo iqhotyoshelwe glossopharyngeal kunye luvo vagus, yaye omnye - ukuya luvo hypoglossal.
• N. caroticus internus (luvo ngaphakathi sleepy) Asikokungena iqokobhe olungaphandle carotid kwemithambo lwangaphakathi igama elifanayo kwaye yenza plexus, ukusuka apho kuloo ndawo yokungena kwemithambo kwegama elifanayo kwi emjelweni ithambo zexeshana kumka imicu onovelwano eyenza ezilulwalwa luvo enzulu lomsele pterygoid esukela alubi amathambo. Emva kokuba uphume ijelo ifayibha kudlula pterygopalatine fossa nithelele imithambo parasympathetic postganglionic ukusuka node pterygopalatine, kwakunye luvo maxillary, ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi-abasemagunyeni kwingingqi ebusweni. Kwisitishi sleepy awo somnolence plexus yangaphakathi abazakluleyo, engena plexus kwaye enze tympanum. Ngaphakathi, yaba lukakayi sleepy (ngaphakathi) okungena plexus cavernous, neerhali ayo athunyelwa ezitsheni zobuchopho, ukwakha plexus lwamehlo ophakathi palsy kwaye sobuKristu imithambo lobuchopho. Ngaphezu koko, plexus cavernous uthumela isebe ekufuneka edibene kwimicu parasympathetic ciliary parasympathetic esiludumbo kunye umsipha innervate mithambo umfundi.
• N. caroticus externus (zangaphandle luvo wozela). Ulobumba ngakunye i plexus engaphandle kufuphi kwemithambo homonymous kunye amasebe awo, leyo nikeza igazi kuloo maziko entanyeni, ubuso, kunye laseDura.
• iimpahla zesebe Pharyngeal-laryngeal ihambe pharyngeal udonga kunye nefom pharyngeal plexus.
• luvo wentliziyo udlula ekufutshane inxalenye eliphezulu buti wesibeleko novelwano. Umphezulu isifuba kwisisu ivelisa plexus kwentliziyo, nto leyo ibekwe phantsi Arch aortic.
• Amasebe ukuba yinxalenye ye-luvo phrenic. azivele zicwangciswe philisi kunye nemisipha wesibindi, pericardial, diaphragmatic Parietal peritoneum, pleura kunye uvalo.

avareji unit

Imfundo Isanti 2 * 2 mm, ibekwe kwinqanaba 4 le-omqolo wesibeleko, kwindawo apho phambana le carotid okuqhelekileyo ndlala kwemithambo ophantsi. Lendawo bangela iintlobo ezine amasebe:

1. Idibanisa amasebe nawathi ukuya ku-5, 6 luvo lialio.
2. luvo intliziyo avareji, nto leyo ifumaneka ngasemva kwemithambo carotid eqhelekileyo. Em- le-luvo esifubeni libandakanyeka ekubunjweni plexus kwentliziyo (nzulu), nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi uqhoqhoqho kunye Arch aortic.
3. Amasebe abandakanyeka nokucwangciswa luvo plexus subclavian, carotid okuqhelekileyo lengqula imithambo asezantsi.
4. isebe Mezhduuzlovaya edityaniswe kwi eliphezulu umkhosi wesibeleko novelwano.

unit asezantsi

Imfundo ibekwe emva kwemithambo vertebral kunye subclavian ngasentla. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, idityaniswe esiludumbo yokuqala kunye novelwano ebizwa ngoko stellate (cervico-thoracic) node thoracic. ibandla Lower ekuchithekeni angawamasebe amathandathu:

1. Gray isebe ohlanganisa uqhebeke 7, 8 luvo wesibeleko lialio.
2. Isebe ukuba uya vertebralis plexus, esukela yaba lukakayi, plexus ezenza ngomva kwemithambo yobuchopho kunye plexus basilar.
3. Luvo zentliziyo lentendelezo ephantsi, ekhohlo ime emva aorta kunye nelungelo - kuba kwemithambo brachiocephalic kwaye inxaxheba lokusekwa anzongonzongo kwentliziyo plexus.
4. Amasetyana loo nxalenye luvo phrenic, kodwa aziyo plexuses ukumisa kwi uvalo, pleura kunye pericardium.
5. Amasebe, leyo ibe carotid eqhelekileyo umfula plexus.
6. Yesebe ukuze kwemithambo subclavian.

isifuba

Ubume isiqu thoracic novelwano ibandakanya ganglia thoracica (mammary nodes) - luvo leMfundo imilo olunxantathu, apho emise ezintanyeni costal emacaleni amathambo thoracic, a ifascia hilar kunye pleura Parietal.

Ukususela ganglia thoracic zimke amaqela 6 eziphambili amasebe:

1. White isebe kokuxhuma, leyo branched ukusuka luvo intercostal (iingcambu zawo sobuKristu) kwaye zingene ezalathelwe uphuhliso.
2. amasebe eziqhagamshelayo Grey zivela ganglia kwaye zithunyelwa luvo intercostal.
3. Amasebe mediastinum. Awuveli 5 onovelwano aphezulu Ganga kwaye avavanywa kwinxalenye ngomva mediastinum, kunye nezinye Imicu oyinxalenye inyumoniya kunye plexus esophageal.
4. amaphaphu inhliziyo thoracic. Sisuka ukusuka 4-5 ganglia eliphezulu enovelwano, abathatha inxaxheba kukwenziwa aortic, zinzulu intliziyo plexus.
5. luvo Splanchnic enkulu. amasebe ndawonye 5-9 amaqhina thoracic novelwano zagutyungelwa ifascia intrathoracic. Ngokusebenzisa Ekungeneni phakathi luvo eliphakathi kwaye medial emilenzeni uvalo inabela kwisisu kwaye iphela ganglia celiac plexus. Ukubunjwa oku kuquka inani elikhulu luvo imicu preganglionic (leyo zicinyiwe kulo plexus celiac ganglia kwi kwimicu postganglionic) kunye postganglionic esele watshintshela level ganglia thoracic lo buti novelwano.
6. vnutrinostny encinane luvo. It ukhandwa ezalathelwe yesebe 10-12. Esebenzisa uvalo owayo n lateral kancinane. splanchnicus ezinkulu ziyingxenye plexus celiac. Inxalenye imicu preganglionic yale luvo kwi ganglia onovelwano zicinyiwe postganglionarnae, abanye kufuneka ezithweni.

empontshwa

Empontshwa novelwano umboko ganglia - ukuba omnye, njengoko iingxwaba-chain le ganglia thoracic. Empontshwa iquka iindawo 4 ibekwe kumacala omabini lomqolo ekupheleni engaphakathi isihlunu empontshwa enkulu. On kwiindawo kwicala lasekunene libonwa ngaphandle ukusuka Vena cava kunguhata, nangasekhohlo - ngaphandle ukusuka aorta.

Branches of isiqu empontshwa novelwano zezi:

1. White amasebe eziqhagamshelayo oqala nge-1 no-2 luvo empontshwa lomqolo kunye ezifanelekileyo ganglia 1 no-2.
2. Gray yesebe kokuxhuma. Dibanisa empontshwa ganglia zonke luvo empontshwa spinal.
3. amasebe empontshwa splanchnic ukuba yosuka zonke ganglia kwaye ufake hypogastric eliphezulu, celiac, aortic esiswini, sezintso isikhulu mesenteric plexus.

ingxenye sacral

Inxalenye lowermost (ngokulandelelanayo novelwano buti mphandle) na kwicandelo sacral eziquka indibano coccygeal unpaired enye izibini ezine ganglia sacral. Nodes akhiwe kancinane medial le mingxuma sobuKristu sacral.

Kukho amasebe ezininzi inxalenye sacral lo buti onovelwano:

1. Grey connecting isebe kwaye umda luvo sacral lialio.
2. luvo Splanchnic ukuba yinxalenye yale plexuses yawo kwi isinqe. luvo Visceral evela data uyila plexus esezantsi hypogastric, edulusele phezu amasebe kwemithambo iliac lwangaphakathi apho ukungena luvo novelwano kwi amalungu zangasese.