Umfuno nehisope: yokutyala care, amila imbewu

indawo elimnandi nezidubula ngeenxa zonke endlwini, egadini okanye kweli lizwe - iphupha wonke. Ngokuphindiwe Sinovuyo xa izityalo kuphela umsebenzi zokuhombisa, kodwa ziluncedo. Leadership degree yokusebenza bobabo imifuno. Bathi nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona uhombise emyezweni kwimbonakalo yayo yoqobo kunye rich ngevumba elimnandi. Phakathi kwabo iinkxalabo njengohlaza lehisopu. Ukutyala nenyameko, olukhulayo iimbewu kunye nezinye iinkalo lokuzalanisa yezityalo wathi - konke oku kuya kuxoxwa kamva kweli nqaku.

Distribution kunye nendalo

Nehisope idibanisa ngayo ibe uhlobo amatyholo ezincinanana inemithana nge flavour elinqatyisiweyo usapho Lamiaceae. Bona lubonakala ngokuba ukuphakama encinane (50-60 cm) kwaye amagqabi side okanye linear kakhulu ukuhlalisa esiqwini.

Nehisope kwabazalelwe eAsiya, kwiMeditera, Russia (inxalenye yayo zaseYurophu, neCaucasus nasentshona eSiberia). It ithanda emathambekeni elulwalwa, emaqeleni ezomileyo kunye neenduli, kwakunye lomhlaba evakalala. Le isityalo esihle nobusi.

Nehisope amayeza ziye zaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ukukhankanywa okokuqala ebhaliweyo ingca eBhayibhileni. Xa izityalo ezikwimiyezo ixhaphakileyo officinalis nehisope.

incazelo lesayensi

Nehisope officinalis (ukutyala, ukhathalelo kuya kuxoxwa kamva) zisasazwa e-Afrika nakwamanye amazwe aphesheya. Isityalo ityholwana olukhula ukusuka 20 cm ukuya kuma-80. Ingenangcambu ngayo enemithi, ifomu ngentonga. Aphambuke kuyo enemithi ezininzi akubangelwa tetrahedral, pubescent kancinane okanye phantse yentamo.

Amagqabi zilungiswe oppositely nangokusebenzayo ihlale esiqwini ukuba lanceolate, ezinemiphetho zabo isongelwe phantsi kancinane. Kulo mzekelo, i asezantsi amagqabi apical kancinane ezinkulu.

Side spike yokudubula khangela zokuhombisa. Phehla kwi imibala rhoqo blue okanye ozuba, eziyiyo, akufane abamhlophe okanye pink.

Isithelo isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Cenobia iqulathe fruitlets amane oreshkovidnyh ngokulinganayo ukumila trihedrally-ovoid. Kweentyatyambo elide - ukususela kuJulayi ukuya kuSeptemba.

livumba nezinongo sohlobo elingumxube (kunye turpentine camphor), apile incasa kunye neempawu emangalisayo amayeza - kuyinto apho zazisa lehisopu. Ukutyala nonakekelo endle, njengoko umthetho, musa ibangele inkathazo, ngoko yokutyala ityholwana encinane, kodwa iluncedo kwi sayithi kunye bonke.

Species emaXhoseni

Ngaphandle ngehisope iziyobisi, kwinkcubeko eyaziwa ngokuba Cretaceous nedile. Hayi umntu onolwazi ukuba uwahlanganise ngokulula ngokwaneleyo:

1. Nehisope Cretaceous luhlobo enqabileyo ezikhuselweyo ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book of Ukraine naseRashiya. Igama isho - oko ke yokuqala ukuvela kwimihlaba chalky kuzo zonke izityalo.
2. ivumba uphawu, xa zwi trituration, zikhe kunye neentyatyambo fomu nangehisope anisic.

Ukutyala nokunyamekela zontathu iintlobo ngokuncamisayo kwahluka.

Abalimi sirhoxisiwe amabakala ahlukeneyo, eziya kwahluka phakathi kwabo ikakhulu umbala zeentyatyambo. Zeziphi edume:

• "Accord" - ichiza, livumba yl, emelana neembalela futhi aqine. Isityalo Iifomu amatyholo phezulu ku-80 cm, inani Namagatya - up ziingceba-25. Flowers pink, encinane.
• "Inkungu Pink" - ixesha avareji nokwanda, ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa ekuphekeni kunye lokunkonkxa. Isityalo ufikelela umphakamo we-50 cm, Namagatya zingcakacile, kodwa ilastiki, iintyatyambo ezincinane adyojwe ngombala baluthuthu epinki. It enokumelana eliphezulu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Kuyinto emelana neembalela, ubushushu kunye nehisope abandayo ukumelana (elinywayo, ukutyala kunye nokugcinwa - standard).
• "Nikita White" (eboniswe kwifoto ngezantsi) - grade srednerosloe (ukuya kwi-55 cm), isityalo yakha kwezihlahla compact, ixesha eneentyatyambo (iintsuku 75-80).
• "Icoleke" - ityholwana eziphakamileyo ukususela cm-40 ukuya kuma-70 kunye nkqo imilibo compact bush. Kwamabala abe livumba olunzulu, sifunda ivumba rosemary zasendle. Iintlobo unalo isivuno ophezulu mass eluhlaza, iintyatyambo ezincinane, eziyiyo baluthuthu purple.

Beka kwi sayithi kunye nomhlaba

Nehisope nangona elide ukususela apha naphaya iimeko zethu zemozulu kusekho oyinzalelwane imozulu efudumeleyo iMeditera, nto leyo inyanzelisa uphawu engqinelanayo phezu iimpawu kulinywe yayo. Isityalo sikhetha iziza enelanga phezu kwentaba encinane.

Nehisope emhlabeni ayikho ethe-ethe kakhulu, iimfuno ezisisiseko - ukudlala, umoya kunye ukufuma permeability, basabela eliphakathi cala ukuba awana. Kucetyiswa ukuba kutyala iindawo apho umoya ebandayo kunye iidrafti kuyagcinwa, amanzi amileyo kwaye zokuxinana kwamanzi.

Officinalis nehisope Ukutyalwa nokunyamekela izityalo

Imbewu zezityalo zichaziwe ixesha elide ukulondoloza ikhono labo ihlume kwaye ezifanelekileyo owayityala kwiminyaka 3-4 emva kokuvuna. Kuba ngehisope usebenzisa iindlela ezimbini - izithole kunye nonseedlings. Imihla ye ngokuhlwayela imbewu - kwisiqingatha sokuqala kaMatshi Apreli noMeyi, ngokulandelelana kwazo.

Xa ekhula izithole, kufuneka kuqala ukulungisa umhlaba. Kungcono usebenzise okunesondlo esele zenziwe, lula kunye. Umgalele ngokulinganayo kwiibhokisi nzulu, benze vee enzulu 1-1.5 cm ngokulinganayo isasaze imbewu. Emva eziliqela kwezi amagqabi kuvela, kuyimfuneko ukuba ungene lehisopu. Ukutyala nonakekelo phawu elizayo.

Etyalwe ngeembiza ngamnye lwezityalo afanayo-wamatye okanye iplastiki iikomityi kufuneka amanzi rhoqo. Uwabeke kwindawo enelanga kwaye kufudumele. Phambi kokwehla, umele uchithe omnye isichumiso nezichumiso kwezimbiwa ezintsonkothileyo. Izithole komhlaba Etyelwe iintsuku 45-60 kwinqanaba 5-7 igqabi.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuthobela inkqubo ukunqanda ukuqina. inani elincinane kubangelwa kuya kuvela kunyaka wokuqala, kodwa ukususela entlahleni yesibini kukhulu kwaye zinabe. Ezihlabayo besaluphala kunye ubudala, yaye oku baye amagqabi ezincinane neentyantyambo, ngoko ke isityalo Kucetyiswa ukuba indawo kunye ezintsha emva kweminyaka 4-5.

Ngqo imbewu nangehisope emhlabeni ifakwa ekupheleni kuka April kunye nasekuqaleni Meyi, xa umhlaba ukufudumala ngokwaneleyo. Ubunzulu kophawu - 0.5-0.7 cm, umgama phakathi kwemiqolo -. 50-60 Amahlumelo cm kuvela emva kweeveki 1-2. Xa izityalo ziya kuba amagqabi okwenyaniso ezintandathu, kufuneka thinned ngaphandle, eshiya umgama omalunga-20 cm phakathi iimeko ngamnye.

Iimpawu kulinywe

Enye womfuno enuka nabalulamileyo egadini - oku lehisopu. Ukutyala nokunyamekela kuye, njengoko sele sibonile, sabaqalayo. Ngethuba ekhula ixesha ukhuko kokhula ezaneleyo ukhula, ahlule umhlaba.

Ukunkcenkceshela akufuneki gadalala. Kwane- amaxesha 2-3 phezu lonke ixesha, umlinganiselo ngamnye 1 macala onke. m -. iilitha 15-20. Kuba esezansi obuninzi kuyimfuneko ekwindla ukusikwa. Yakha imilo ityholo hemispherical, eshiya amahlumelo ukuya ukuphakama 12-15 cm. Ukuba indawo ekhula iintlobo ezininzi ngehisope, kufuneka zibekwe zodwa enye kwenye, njengoko ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ezi zityalo pereopylyayutsya.