Imigaqo yomthetho nokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo: nemiba yeengcingane

Imithetho-mthetho - isiseko esibalulekileyo yokumisela imiyalelo engundoqo yophuhliso mthetho. Xa sele kusetyenzwa ke, ukuba kukho uhlobo ibhulorho phakathi imithetho yokuhamba oluntu kunye kwenkqubo yezomthetho, oluthi luqokelelane yinkampani. Yiloo ekugqibeleni imigaqo ukulungelelanisa inkqubo yomthetho ukuya neengxaki zobomi lwentlalo.

Imigaqo yomthetho zihlelwe ibe ngumthetho woluntu, nangokudibana kwamacandelo kunye yamacandelo. Ngalinye kula maqela inemigaqo ezibonisa okuqulethwe ilungelo kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Kuba somthetho jikelele:

- ulawulo lomthetho, ezithi ukusebenza jikelele lomthetho zonke ezinye imingxuma ngolawulo nobudlelwane kwezentlalo;

- umgaqo semthethweni, ibonelela ngokuba umbuso kufuneka ngokucacileyo kwaye sicacise iintsilelo zakho, ukuze kupheliswe ukufunyanwa yabo luluvo lokukhwela nabani na;

- yokulingana bonke phambi komthetho kubonisa ukuba, nangona imeko ezahlukeneyo yezopolitiko, yezentlalo kunye nemali, abemi kunye nabasemagunyeni karhulumente ngokwabo bayalingana phambi komthetho;

- umgaqo msebenzi kuthetha ukuba urhulumente ngokwayo Ukwenza isinyanzelo ukuqinisekisa inkululeko ngamnye, kodwa umntu uthatha uxanduva ukuthobela imithetho jikelele esekwe ngumthetho;

- umgaqo uxanduva phambi unetyala kukuba elityala unokungenelela kuphela xa kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yomthetho.

imigaqo Interindustry zibonisa unxulumano ubhalo nenentsingiselo phakathi kwamasebe ezahlukeneyo yomthetho okanye oqhelekileyo, oko kuqulethwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezinxulumeneyo.

Izikhokelo Industry ezibonisa iimpawu ezithile lendawo umxholo lomthetho kwicandelo elithile.

Njengoko kuboniswe yi kumava ukuthotyelwa komthetho, izinto lentsalela, urhulumente lizama, "athetha yegolide" - ezi meko efanelekileyo, apho imigaqo ekunene ukunika amathuba afanayo ukugcina umdla kwizifundo ingxenye yawo. Imigaqo ngokubanzi yomthetho ichaza ukuba kushenxwe iye yabonisa lubonakala elihle okanye elibi. Ukunxaxha ukuze kuxhomekeke ukuthanda zombini inxaxheba kunye nezizathu njongo. A uhlobo 'ecaleni' ukusuka abathandwayo zokuhlala ngokusemthethweni karhulumente izenzo kakubi ilungelo, leyo ixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwintando kwaye kukho obandakanyeka ukuzalana isifundo, kwaye oku utyeshela imigaqo esisiseko yomthetho ngokupheleleyo.

A kukuwutolika imithetho, Ndingashenxanga kakubi umthetho, sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba lo mthetho abuphumi ubuncinane uluhlu olubonisa naluphi na uhlobo, kodwa ibonisa kuphela ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo okunokwenzeka "ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo." Ngokwawo, le ndlela iphula siseko necandelo lomthetho, ingakumbi, ezifana yomgaqo wolingano bonke phambi komthetho.

Le narrowness yale lungiselelo ngokusengqiqweni esibhekene izazinzulu enforcers umbuzo: kakubi ilungelo - yinto umthetho okanye akunjalo?

Zesayensi ngokusemthethweni ayakhekanga ingongoma ohlangeneyo imbono ngohlobo ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo, kwaye impendulo yombuzo enoba kusemthethweni ukuba bathi kwi amatyala okanye hayi, uvuliwe. Oku akubonisi imigaqo esisiseko kunye namalungelo, eziquka ulawulo, ulawulo lomthetho, uxanduva macala ngamnye kunye norhulumente, ukulingana, ubukho betyala. Akukho ukuvumelana kulo mba kwaye theory zomthetho.

abaphandi Russian A. Sergeev kunye T. Tereshchenko ingqalelo njengendlela kakubi ilungelo elukholweni embi xa thethana, kodwa njengokutyhoboza jikelele otyalayo trust - uhlobo olulodwa-mthetho. Le mbono kakubi ziqu futhi sixhasa AV Iingcuka, wayebhekisela kwindlela imigaqo yomthetho zitolikwa.

A ukuma efanayo iyabanjwa kuze OA Porticoes, ukuphatha gadalala njengento umthetho mabachonge iimeko ezine eziya kubavumela ukuba ukufanelekela ngale ndlela:

- alikho semthethweni isenzo;

- ukusekwa umonakalo (umonakalo);

- ubudlelwane kobude ukuba isenzo okungalunganga ekhula umonakalo;

- iwayini kabi umntu ekunene.

Abaphengululi abaliqela Cazulula ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo (Chikane), njengoko "uhlobo oluthile lolwaphulo-mthetho," kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, singabandakanyi isicelo yeMilinganiselo uxanduva, kodwa uyasivumela ukuba isenza ngenxa yokunyhashwa kwamalungelo nje ukwala yinkundla ukukhusela ilungelo. Abanye abagxeka kakubi ilungelo enetyala, ekholelwa ukuba isenzo kakubi amalungelo kwezifundo endle enikwe yena ngumthetho ilungelo ayinyani. Enye yeengxoxo ekhusela lo mbono: ukuba akukho kakubi ukhuselo yenkundla ekunene imbopheleleko ubuncwane, ulawulwa kuphela wakhanyela.

Kulo mzekelo, ukukhanyela enjalo ukhuselo yenkundla ithathwa njengento isohlwayo ngoko nangoko-mthetho, kodwa isohlwayo kucingwa ngokwembono kolawulo yoyilo lixhaphakileyo komthetho: ukuba kukho hypothesis, oko kuthetha ukuba isohlwayo, nto leyo ayingqinelani kwisiqulatho eziqulathe imigaqo yomthetho. Kukwakho unyango eliphakathi ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi umthetho akunakwenzeka ukuba singathi enzeka ngamabona nokuba mthetho okanye ukuziphatha mthethweni.

Le ezahlukeneyo kakubi njengoko enetyala, elingumthombo, ivumela ukuhlola amacala kuzo ebezintle nezo zingentle nganye. Ukuba umthetho ngaphaya sikhokelo umthetho, umgaqo elikhethekileyo afanelwe iqumrhu isicelo ezi osemthethweni ukuba umthetho, ukuba ningazicingeli ngaphezu ummiselo azilawulwa kwaye inkundla oye isenzo nje kakubi ekunene, ngoko nehomere isicelo ukuba gadalala umthetho, nguye lo ukwalela kwezomthetho ukhuselo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo kukuba ndingungantweni - kodwa ke isiphumo esemthethweni kuphela kakubi umthetho ekusekeni le nyaniso. Ngokuyenza, oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iziphumo ayisebenzi.