Umgaqo anthropic: kwenkululeko the

Oku kunzima kakhulu ukuqonda lo mgaqo, laliqulunqwe ngokuyintloko njenge mpikiswano ukuchaza ezinye ubudlelwane ezimbaxa phakathi ngezenzeko ezenzeka ehlabathini, kuquka ingcaciso enyanisweni wokuzalwa kunye nophuhliso yayo. Hypothesis yokuqala ukucacisa oko ngoluvo lokuba ihlabathi ubonakala kuthi ke kanye njengoko sibona oko, kuba kuwo siye yakhula kwaye zikhona nje abekho. Ukususela ngokombono zenzululwazi zendalo Umgaqo anthropic yenzelwe ukucacisa oko umlinganiselo ukuba kuvela phakathi kwe parameters ezingundoqo ngokomzimba imichiza ukuze kukhuthazwe ukuvela ubomi ezikrelekrele.

Igama elithi "Umgaqo anthropic" lalisetyenziswa kuqala ngo-1973 ngu yamachiza yaseBritani B. Carter. Noko ke, emva kokupapashwa kwayo, abaphengululi abaninzi ekubonise ukuba ingcamango efanayo ezinye utoliko laliqulunqwe ngaphambili. Ngokukodwa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba kwathiwa njengoko umgaqo anthropic kwi ngokuma ngo-1955 eSoviet Union kule nkomfa lwenzululwazi astronomi extragalactic. Phakathi neengcaphephe wacebisa le mbono, baba oosonzululwazi Soviet G. M. Idlis, A. L. Zelmanov, American uRobert Dicke.

Kodwa umsebenzi Carter yaba umbandela ingqalelo jikelele kwaye uqale ulwazi lwenzululwazi yalo mgaqo kunye nendima yayo kwingqiqo. Ngelo xesha, uluntu lwezenzululwazi abazange bafumane kwincopho eqhelekileyo iimbono malunga nokwenzeka kokusebenzisa izimvo kwinzululwazi ebonakalayo. Kuphela kubanjwa inkomfa e Venice, apho okokuqala ing enkulu 1988 yaba mgaqo anthropic, kwaye utsale ingqalelo uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu komdla - ukusuka yemvelo ukuba zobulumko zonqulo. Emva koko, isihloko eso kuxoxwa ngazo kwiintlanganiso zezikolo esayensi, nendlela enye okanye enye, nokuba kwiinkomfa kwi imiba yenzululwazi emxinwa, ingxoxo yemiba ababandakanyekayo ukuba ugcina mgaqo anthropic. Namhlanje ukusetyenziswa kwayo yemboleko uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu kwimiba - ukusuka ezenkolo ukuze ekstrapolyarnoy ngokuma.

B. Carter, kwinqaku yakhe edumileyo ezichongiweyo lunee ezimbini nembonakalo mgaqo - olomeleleyo buthathaka. uguqulelo ebuthathaka luthatha ukuba indalo kukho constants ezithile ezinokuthi iliso umntu ngenxa nje yokuba khona. Kwaye okwahlukileyo: kukho zahlukile kwezo eziqhelekileyo kuthi, amaxabiso constants jikelele, apho mkhanyo (umntu), akusekho esebenzayo. Iimbono enobuchule kunye domestic yalo mgaqo ngobulumko ethile eqhelekileyo babekhankanywe esithi: ". kakuhle, apho asazi '

ukuqonda Strong yeenketho ezibonisa umgaqo kokokunyanzelwa kulandela kwisigqibo - indalo engase uye parameters ezikuvumela ukuba ubukrelekrele.

Umgaqo anthropic kwi ekubonakalisweni olomeleleyo yasebenza kakuhle G .. Wheeler, bathi "babebukele kufuneka ukuba bafumane indalo yokuba."

Umahluko phakathi kweenguqulelo abakwazileyo ukuzenza nezo bawe kukuba abanamandla ubonakalise ihlabathi kuzo zonke izigaba ubukho bayo, kwaye ababuthathaka kuphela ezo apho ingqondo inokuqondwa ngombandela kuphela.

Ibinzana kakuhle lo mgaqo anthropic yinkolelo yokuba inyaniso kunye nemithetho yayo baye babona nje kuphela, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho amathuba okuba kubukho zokwenene kunye neminye imithetho. Ngelo xesha, umgaqo anthropic kule ukutyhilwa yavela ngethuba kuvulwa geometry non-Euclidean, apho imithetho hayi yamandulo. Ukubonakalalisa anthropic nga kuthathwa kwiimeko ezichazwe yi-Einstein: kukuhamba kwexesha kuxhomekeke kwisantya.

Zesayensi abaye bafunda ezahlukeneyo ngobukho ezingenzeka ngexesha kunye nendawo kwezinye yonke, weza kwizigqibo ezilandelayo:

- kule utshintsho rhoqo ukuba kwenzeka iphela, parameters yayo isoloko itshintsha, yaye ngoko ke kubekho idibanise ezi parameters, apho ukuvela ubomi okrelekrele Kulindelekile;

- okufanayo kunokwenzeka wendalo enye, kuloo ndawo apho iimpawu zayo ziya zokuphuhlisa ratio evumayo;

- umntu singenako ukuyiphika hypothesis ngokubakho uhlobo oluthile "imfundiso" ngesizathu sokuba bengawugcini kuyo.

Ngenxa yoko, bezama kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgaqo anthropic ukwandisa intsimi ulwazi lwenzululwazi, nto Awuphesheya imithetho ekhoyo yendalo kunye neendlela njengesiqhelo incazelo yabo.