Carbon monoxide: ifomula kunye neempawu

izinto sukube abaninzi ezikhoyo kwindalo, eveliswe yi wokwenziwa, ukuba iikhompawundi esinamandla ityhefu. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba kwechlorine njenge isixhobo zebhayoloji, iperi bromine ukuba ukusebenza ngamandla elibulalayo kakhulu eluswini, hydrogen emanzini ibangela ityiwe njalo njalo.

Enye ezinjalo izinto le carbon monoxide okanye carbon monoxide, ifomula apho uneempawu zawo kubume. Ngaye, kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngakumbi.

CO ifomula Chemical

Enokwehla umbono formula umchiza ngokuxhomekeke ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: WO. Noko ke, le fomu unika kuphela inkcazelo ubume ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani, kodwa aluchaphazeli iimpawu ngesakhiwo umyalelo iibhondi atomic kwi molecule. Kwaye eyahluke kweyabo bonke neminye imimoya ezinjalo.

Olu phawu kuchaphazela umchiza yabamba iimpawu zomzimba imichiza. Luhlobo luni nesakhiwo?

isakhiwo molecule

Okokuqala, ifomula reseach ibonwa ukuba carbon compound na a valency II. Ndingathanda nje oksijini. Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye kubo bangaba ezimbini izitropu. Imichiza formula CO carbon monoxide zibukeke iqinisekisiwe.

Kwaye kube njalo. Va atom carbon neoksijini yi indlela ngokwasentlaweni electron unpaired bayazibhijabhija, kabini bond covalent ezibandayo. Ngoko ke, indlela noshowo le carbon monoxide kuthatha uhlobo C = O.

Noko ke, kule molecule ethile ayipheli apho. Kuba indlela donor-acceptor uluhlu molecule kwenzeka bond wesithathu, dative okanye semipolar. Kutheni na le nto? Ukusukela emva kokumiselwa iibhondi covalent kwi ngokutshintshiselana ukuze oxygen kuhlala iipere ezimbini elektroni, kwaye atom carbon -, ngoko ke izenzo engenanto Orbital yokugqibela njengento acceptor omnye izibini lokuqala. Ngamanye amazwi, isibini oxygen electron ingabekwa free Orbital carbon bond Ukwakheka kwenzeka.

Ngenxa yoko, carbon - acceptor, ioksijini - abaxhasi. Ngoko ke, ifomula CO chemistry kuthatha le fomu ilandelayo: S≡O. Lo esakhiweni wathi molecule ngakumbi uzinzo iikhemikhali kunye inertness oluboniswe kwiipropati phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

Ngaloo ndlela, ulwalamano kwi molecule ye carbon monoxide:

• ezimbini covalent polar kwenziwa indlela exchange ngenxa elihle kwezentlalo, electron unpaired;
• omnye dative kwakheka kwi intsebenziswano donor-acceptor phakathi electron isibini ekhululekileyo Orbital;
• zonke iimbophelelo kwi molecule - ezintathu.

iipropati ngokomzimba

Kukho eziliqela iimpawu, leyo, njengayo nayiphi na ezimbaxa sele carbon monoxide. Ifomula osisiqu kwenza kucace ukuba yikristale emkhusaneni lwe ezinto, urhulumente sukube phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha iparameters siyi.

1. S≡O - carbon monoxide (formula) Ingxinano - 1,164 kg / m ^3.
2. Ingongoma okubila yokunyibilika point ngokulandelelana: 191/205 ⁰ C.
3. Enyibilikayo: emanzini (kancinane), iEtere, benzene, utywala, chloroform.
4. Ayizi ukungcamla kunye nevumba.
5. Enemibala.

Ukusuka kwindawo zebhayoloji lwembono, oko kuyingozi kakhulu kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ngaphandle iindidi ezithile iintsholongwane.

iipropati chemical

Kweli qela reactivity, omnye izinto egalelwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo - le carbon monoxide. Formula, Ashukume ngabo onke imixokelelwane ezibandakanywe molecule, uqinisekiswe. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubume aqatha kangaka umchiza phantsi izalathisi zomgangatho zokusingqongileyo ngokubonakalayo abayi kungena kuyo nayiphi na intsebenziswano.

Noko ke, oko ubuncinane inkqubo encinane ubushushu njengoko bond dative kwi molecule uyazifohloza phantsi covalent. Emva koko carbon monoxide iqala ukubonisa iimpawu ukunciphisa esebenzayo, kwaye womelele ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, ikwazi zakudibana:

• oksijini;
• chlorine;
• alkalis (inyibilika);
• kunye oxides kunye neetyuwa yesinyithi;
• nge ndiyingwevu;
• amanzi kancinci;
• nge ammonia;
• nge hydrogen.

Ngoko ke, njengoko sele kuchaziwe ngentla kwiipropati leyo ebonisa carbon monoxide, icacisa ifomula ubukhulu becala.

Ukuba indalo

Lo mthombo uphambili CO emoyeni - umlilo ehlathini. Eneneni, inkqubo siphambili ukuyilwa yerhasi yendalo ngu - a ukutshiswa kwenxenye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepetroli, ubukhulu becala indalo ephilayo.

imithombo Anthropogenic carbon monoxide longcoliseko lomoya nayo ibalulekile njengoko anikwe iqhezu ubunzima ipesenti enye, kwakunye yendalo. Ezi ziquka:

• umsi kukusebenza nguMills mveliso, izityalo metallurgical kunye namanye amashishini zoshishino;
• iigesi exhaust evela injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, carbon monoxide lulula oxidized yi ioksijini esesibhakabhakeni kunye nomphunga wamanzi ukuya carbon dioxide. On oku kusekelwe zoncedo lokuqala kwiimeko ityiwe ngulo ezimbaxa.

indawo yolwamkelo

Iyafuna lokwalatha phawu enye. Carbon monoxide (formula), icarbon dioxide (isakhiwo molecule), ngokulandelelana, zezi zilandelayo: S≡O kunye G = C = O. Umahluko ngomhla neoksijini atom. Ngoko ke, indlela lezoshishino ukuvelisa monoxide ngokusekelwe basabela phakathi carbon dioxide kunye: CO ₂ + C = 2Kor. Le ndlela ilula kwaye oluqhelekilyo Yindibanisela ezimbaxa.

Elabhoratri usebenzisa ezahlukeneyo iikhompawundi organic, iityuwa intsimbi, into enzima, ekubeni isivuno Awulindelwanga ukuba likhulu kakhulu.

reagent esemgangathweni phambi sisombululo lomoya okanye carbon monoxide - mbala chloride. Xa metal lwawo olunyulu ezenziwa impefumlelwano ebangela mnyama isisombululo okanye umphezulu iphepha.

Isiphumo eziphilayo kwi eziphilayo

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe ngentla, icarbon dioxide - yityhefu kakhulu, enemibala, yingozi besakhiwo esibulalayo umzimba womntu. Asiyiyo yodwa ke abantu, kwaye ngokubanzi bonke abaphilileyo. Izityalo ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo isithuthi zeemoto, kufa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Yintoni kanye kanye iziphumo ngokobugcisa carbon monoxide kokusingqongileyo lwangaphakathi izidalwa izilwanyana? Yonke le nto ekubunjweni yodederhu ozinzileyo eqhola yihemoglobin igazi kunye negesi ingqalelo. Oko kukuthi, endaweni mpilo bavaleleke yinyongo. internal yeselula nangoko yogutyulo, exchange igesi akwenzeki kwixa eliqhelekileyo bakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukuvaleka ngokuthe ngcembe neemolekyuli haemoglobin kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukufa. Kwanele ukuba litshitshiswe wonke nge-80%, kwisiphumo yityhefu yaba obulalayo. Ukulungiselela le njongo, xi carbon monoxide emoyeni kufuneka 0.1%.

Imiqondiso yokuqala, leyo ukufumanisa beqala yityhefu nale compound zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu;
• nesiyezi;
• ukulahleka lokuqonda.

First Aid - to umoya, apho icarbon dioxide phantsi kwempembelelo oxygen iba asidi, oko defused. Amatyala yokufa kwimiphumo iyeza emibuzo rhoqo kakhulu, ingakumbi xa izindlu kunye isitovu ukufudumeza. Emva ukutshiswa iinkuni, amalahle kunye nezinye fuel eceleni ze gesi ngokuyimfuneko iifom. Ukuthobela imiqathango yokhuseleko kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ubomi kunye nempilo yabantu.

Kwakhona, kwiimeko ezininzi ngobuthi iigaraji, apho waqokelela ezininzi ezisebenzayo iinjini emotweni, kodwa bazisa umoya okwanele. Ukufa kwenzeka phakathi ngeyure ngaphezu xi avumelekile. Mamela ubukho berhasi akunakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni, emva konke, akukho ivumba, akukho mbala akafuni.

Sebenzisa kushishino

Kushishino metallurgical kuba nokufunyanwa zesinyithi ukusuka oxides zabo okanye iityuwa reactions asoloko ehamba kunye esetyenziswa yi carbon monoxide. Ifomula onesiphumo compound - _CO-2. metal - into nyulu nayo ukusekwa.

Ngaphezu koko, carbon monoxide isetyenziswa:

• ukugaywa lwenyama kunye neemveliso zentlanzi, esivumela ukuba ndibanike ujongo entsha;
• Kuba Yindibanisela iikhompawundi ezithile organic;
• njengenxalenye generator gas.

Ngoko ke, le nto iyingozi nje kuphela kwaye iyingozi, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu ngenxa ezenziwa ngabantu kunye nezoqoqosho.