Umhlaba - yintoni na le nto? Meaning, isithetha-ntonye segama elithi "umhlaba"

Plot - Le yeyona planethi yesithathu ukusuka elangeni. Ngu ubukhulu balo kulo ubekwa kwindawo yesihlanu kule nkqubo. Umhlaba ngumntu owaziwa kuphela umzimba yasezulwini, umiwe eziphilayo.

ulwazi zembali

Uncwadi wasebenzisa ntonye ilizwi uMhlaba "Blue Planet". Uphando lubonisa ukuba, wabheka umzimba yasezulwini yabunjwa malunga 4,54 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo ukusuka fu elanga. Yile satellite kuphela endalo eNyangeni. Wavele, kwathi emva lokusekwa planethi. Ubomi Emhlabeni, ngokutsho izazinzulu, wabonakala malunga 3.9 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umhlaba onokuphila ngayo umhlaba waqalisa ukuba nempembelelo emoyeni kunye neminye imiba abiotic. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukwanda kwenani eziphilayo aerobic, nangakumbi ukusekwa kwe-ozone. ngokubambisana yokugqibela mhlaba otsalayo buthathaka impembelelo radiation ezisongela ubomi ukusuka elangeni.

izinto planethi

kuqweqwe lomhlaba yahlulwe yaba inani uziziqwempu - le ziitectonic plates. Ba siyahamba rhoqo. Isantya intshukumo yabo nyaka besentimitha ezimbalwa. Ekwakhiweni, isakhiwo kunye neepateni nokuphuhliswa komhlaba ukufunda umhlaba. Xa ifoto Umhlaba kunokubonwa ukuba malunga nama-71% na ulwandle. Inxalenye yale planethi zifumaneka kwiziqithi amazwekazi. Mpumalanga iquka imilambo, amachweba, ice kunye komhlaba. Kunye elwandle, bakha kwehayidrosfere. On nayiphi na enye iplanethi ezaziwayo emntwini, akukho manzi ekwimo elulwelo, ifanele eziphilayo. Xa izinti umhlaba lo Marine Arctic kunye ice sheets Antarctic.

isakhiwo yangaphakathi

ummandla Underground kwahluka umsebenzi sezingeni eliphezulu. Ziqulethe uluhlu maleko viscous nepeni - ingubo. Iquka i engaphandle (ulwelo) engundoqo. Le yokugqibela lisebenza umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi. Ngaphakathi Umhlaba kwakhona i core okuqinileyo. Wavele, le nto ndiyibhalayo nickel kunye nesinyithi. Xa ifoto Earth, kuboniswe kwinqaku, uyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo isakhiwo yangaphakathi planethi.

Umsebenzi space

Ubunjalo bomzimba yomhlaba kunye eshukumayo yayo Orbital igalelo isindise ubomi ngexesha minyaka 3.5 billion idlulileyo. Izifundo ezahlukeneyo zibonisa ukuba iimeko eziphilayo emhlabeni uya kusindiswa iminyaka malunga 0.5-2.3 billion. Esebenzisa imikhosi omxhuzulane, uMhlaba lisebenzisana kunye nezinye izinto isithuba, kuquka inyanga nelanga. Ehlabathini iplanethi lokugqibela wenza utshintsho mpela malunga 365,26 iintsuku elanga. Eli xesha kuthiwa ngonyaka sidereal. axis Umhlaba ithi itsheke kwi-engile degrees 23,44. ngokunxulumene moya yesiqhelo Orbital. Oku kubangela utshintsho yamaxesha kunye umsantsa kunyaka emvula (iintsuku 365,24.). Ubude ngosuku ezisentlabathini nama-24 iiyure.

inyanga

isibheno yakhe satellite yendalo komhlaba malunga 4,53 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Impembelelo omxhuzulane benyanga kubangela kukuvela kuhla kwamanzi olwandle. Satellite omeleza i ukuthambeka ahlangene Umhlaba kuxhaphaka behlise ukujikeleza yayo. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ukuwa izijikelezi kwakhokelela ekubeni iinguqu ezibalulekileyo kwindawo kunye nomphezulu-langa. Ingakumbi, Ngokuba bawuphikisa ekutshabalaleni ubunzima kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo.

geopolitics

Umhlaba - likhaya inani enkulu izidalwa eziphilayo, kuquka abantu. Area of the iplanethi yahlulwe phakathi geqe. Bona babe oonozakuzaku, urhwebo kunye nezinye amaqhina ekonmicheskie. Xa inkcubeko yabantu, kukho iimbono ezininzi ehlabathini. Phakathi kwabo, umzekelo, ingcamango Kumhlaba tyaba, inkqubo yehlabathi geocentric. Ngokubanzi yaphuhliswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo fumene Gala hypothesis. Ngokutsho iplanethi yakhe is a superorganism enye.

Isakhiwo sebali: nenjongo

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza sphere isithuba, ingcamango "umhlaba" itolikwa njenge:

1. Land. Le ngokuchaseneyo na phezu kwamanzi.
2. Soil. Earth (igama lesininzi) zisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yezolimo kunye nezinye.
3. Kwisayithi, ephethwe nasiphi na isifundo (ummi, iziko, chaza).
4. rocks ezizimeleyo kunye argillaceous okanye igama lixesha ayikho enyibilikayo, oxides eliyinjubaqa.

Xa ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kota ubugqi kwaye Alchemy. Intsingiselo yamagama kwezi meko kubangelwe iziqalelo zehlabathi, kunye ngomlilo, amanzi njalo njalo. Ukongezelela, eli gama lisetyenziswa kwi kwicandelo lolawulo. Kummandla yomhlaba Russian - inkalo apho wayevela umbusi othile. E Poland, njengoko lumile iyunithi yolawulo yimbali. E Austria kunye iJamani umhlaba gama libhekisela isakhiwo federal.

komhlaba

Eli gama lisetyenziswa-ntonye emhlabeni ilizwi. Lithospheric ingqalelo phezu komhlaba umaleko le planethi. Umhlaba ukuchuma. It inikwa ngohlobo-isigaba ezine inkqubo yezemfundo ezikwii owahlukeneyo open zesakhiwo. Umhlaba kubangelwa umsebenzi eziphilayo kunye ziimozulu zeengxondorha. umhlaba ochumileyo - lo zeendawana kakhulu okanye yokuhlala izityalo, izilwanyana kunye ezincane. An into umdla kukuba, xa ezi zinto layo phantsi (ezweni planethi) phantse 700 amaxesha ngaphezu kolwandle, nangona yokuba isabelo akhawunti kuqala ngaphantsi kwe 1/3 le planethi. Yintoni lilizwe ochumileyo urhulumente? Oku kucingwa ukuba ubutyebi engundoqo ye lizwe, njengokuba kwakunjalo kuwo wenza up 90% ngeemveliso ukutyiwa. Kumaxesha amandulo, ilizwe yayisetyenziswa kwakhona izinto zokwakha. Ukwehla wangaphezulu kukhokelela ukunciphisa ukusilela kunye nokufa.

Yintoni emhlabeni ngengqiqo ngokusemthethweni?

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kumthetho wembambano. Ngelishwa, akukho ecace kwimigaqo ye udidi "umhlaba". Ukuchaza umbandela ummiselo osemthethweni ngokuphathelele oku kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Igama elithi njengokuba kucacile evela data ngasentla, iphathwa. Ngaphandle yokuba eli lizwe, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukhankanye wobuntu lé impefumlelwano izinto endalo kunye nezintsonkothileyo izinto zenkcubeko kunye eziphathekayo. Zonke ezi zinto zenza ezihlala abantu. Ubudlelwane phakathi kuyo kulawulwa ngumthetho lokusingqongileyo. Phantsi ingqalelo kwekota siqaphele umaleko umphezulu womhlaba, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphezu ehamba. Le ndawo ibe ibekwe ngaphakathi kwimeko ethile. Russia iindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba. Ngokutsho Art. 67 loMgaqo-siseko, ngaphakathi kwimida zikarhulumente ummandla ezi zifundo Russian Federation, wolwandle, amanzi angaphakathi kunye elibala ngaphezu kwabo.

Into bezomthetho

Umhlaba emthethweni komhlaba - indawo ethile kuchaziwe imida ndawo. Le ibekwe iindawo ndawo, oko iwonga yayo ngokomthetho. iimpawu zayo ziboniswe kwi amaxwebhu yokubhalisa inventri kunye karhulumente. umthetho Land kucingwa ukuba abe kwicandelo lomthetho oluzimeleyo. Ukuqhela kule nkalo unxulumano ukuba kube yimfuneko ukucacisa amagama ahlukeneyo ukuseka efanayo ekutolikweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi ndidi xa befundisa. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zazo.

izigaba ezifanayo

Umhlaba - yinto ipropati leyo enokuthi obulawulwa ngummi, umbutho, izifundo RF, oomasipala okanye urhulumente. Kwi kwintsimi wavumela ukwahlulwa-naliphi na iyelenqe ukuze ibe yinto oluzimeleyo imali yoluntu. Ngaphakathi ukuze igqitywe linani - zamalungelo olunemiqathango. Abanawo imida ethile, kodwa ube nenjongo echongiweyo. share Land ibizwa ngokoMthetho ixabiso isabelo negalelo capital nesabelo le nkampani. ERashiya, kukho iseti yonxulumano ezikhoyo ekuhlaleni ngenxa yeentlobo okhoyo ubunini, kwakunye neentlobo elingana ukusetyenziswa, isimo kunye ilifa.

Ingxaki ukuchazwa

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imihlaba ezingummiselo ngokwasemthethweni kobudlelwane umhlaba ekuhambeni lamathuba ezahlukeneyo engembali uphuhliso urhulumente uye ezinye iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Kunjalo, i inguqu kunye nokwamkelwa nemimiselo ezahlukeneyo engaphenduli ukuphelisa imfuno ukutyhilwa la magama asetyenziswe. Ngaphezu koko, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, le imfuno iye kuphuthuma ngakumbi. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba umthetho mihla (federal ingakumbi) njengento enyanzelekileyo ifaka xingheniso. Inika inkqubo isigama, kwaye sinika ingcaciso kubo. Uphando kunye nophuhliso luza kuvumela inkcazelo ukubonisa indawo ingcamango "umhlaba" kwinkqubo resource, inawo unxulumano ngqo. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ingxaki ukusekwa kweekhrayitheriya esemthethweni ngalo ungakhankanya iindidi ezithile namhlanje kufundwe ngokwaneleyo. Le umba gqolo kukho umsantsa omkhulu, ukudala imiqobo ekunyanzelisweni aspect kunye nomthetho theoretical component. Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wabo kwakunye nomthetho utyhila ukuba isitshixo iinqobo ezinjalo iimpawu ezinjalo izinto zendalo, apho zibangelwa imfuneko ukuphuhlisa nokuphumeza amanyathelo awodwa ngurhulumente ukuqinisekisa indlela eyiyo kwezibonelelo ezikhoyo kweli lizwe.

GOST 26640-85

Kule meko definition langoku ibhanile elithi "umhlaba". Mhlawumbi oku uxwebhu kuphela olumisiweyo equlathe nokutolikwa ndidi. Kwiikota kunye neenkcazelo anikwe ukuba umhlaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-bume yendalo. Lubonakala yi isithuba, imozulu, isimo, utyani, umhlaba otyebileyo, amanzi, izimbiwa. Ngokutsho ezweni GOST - iindlela eziphambili imveliso amahlathi kunye nezolimo. It has a isiseko lwendawo zokubeka imibutho kunye namashishini onke amacandelo uqoqosho. Loo nkcazelo, ngokutsho iingcali, Kakade ke, oxabiso likhulu pfunaka. Inika ithuba ukulungiselela kakuhle nokuqhuba amaxwebhu cadastral ukusombulula iingxabano zabo. Ngelo xesha iingcali uqaphele ukuba ingcaciso singabonakalisi zonke iimpawu zomhlaba njengecandelo ngokusemthethweni. Ingcaciso enikwe GOST ngokuqinisekileyo iqulethe iimpawu ibaluleke kakhulu imihlaba wobudlelwane ummiselo osemthethweni. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba injongo ekujoliswe kancane yale mgangatho wesizwe, ukubhengezwa impahla komhlaba iqhosha ayanelanga kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-Standard akanawo amandla umthetho, njengoko isebenza njengoxwebhu olumisiweyo phezu komgangatho. amalungiselelo alo zibophelela kuphela uluhlu oluqingqiweyo kubudlelwane kunye nemiba.