UMbutho for Security neNtsebenziswano eYurophu (OSCE): isakhiwo, injongo

UMbutho for Security neNtsebenziswano eYurophu - iqumrhu koorhulumente ebalulekileyo umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba ukugcina uxolo nozinzo kweli lizwekazi. Imbali yale Isakhiwo ilishumi ngaphezu kwesinye. Kodwa ke impumelelo yokwenene lombutho elide kuhamba iimbambano. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na i-Organisation for Security neNtsebenziswano eYurophu, funda injongo yayo ezingundoqo umsebenzi, kwakunye yimbali emfutshane lwemisebenzi.

History of indalo

Kuqala kwinto zonke, sifumanisa iimeko apho OSCE yasekwa.

Ingcamango nokubamba intlanganiso ngabameli States ezithe nayenza siseko jikelele-nkqubo yamazwe ngamazwe kule ngingqi, wabhengezwa kuqala e Bucharest ngo-1966, abameli amazwe aseYurophu kweminquba yali, baba yinxalenye unit ATS. Kamva, inyathelo uxhaswe France kunye namanye amazwe aseNtshona. Kodwa wenza igalelo isigqibo kwisikhundla sokuba Finland. Eli lizwe unikezele kubamba iintlanganiso ikomkhulu lakhe - Helsinki.

zezingxoxo lokuqala lwenzeka Juni 1973 ukuya kuNovemba 1972. Le ntlanganiso lwaqhutywa yi iindwendwe 33 kumazwe aseYurophu, kwakunye Canada nase-United States. Kweli nqanaba, ukuba kubanjwe ukunika isikhokelo jikelele kwintsebenziswano ngakumbi, zabuya imithetho yenkqubo kunye ajenda iintetho.

Kwaoko intlanganiso yokuqala yaqhutywa ekuqaleni Julayi 1973. Lo mhla kusaziwa ukuba babale OSCE. Kwesi sigaba kwingxoxo kwabalungiseleli angaphandle wathatha inxaxheba onke amazwe aseYurophu ngaphandle Albania, kunye mazwe mabini North America. Kwafumaniseka esivumelana kwimiba ezinkulu, ethe yabonakalisa kwi "Izindululo Final".

Kule yesibini inqanaba, esenzeka eGeneva ukususela kuSeptemba 1973 ukuya kuJulayi 1975, abameli kumazwe yokwakha ukucacisa iingongoma ezibalulekileyo nentsebenziswano ngokubanzi, ukuze bahlangabezane ngokupheleleyo iminqweno yabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, kwaye elungelelanisiweyo yonke imiba.

Ukutyikitywa ekhawulezileyo isenzo sokugqibela kwenzeka ekupheleni Julayi - Agasti 1975 eHelsinki. Kwaba khona ziinkokeli phezulu onke amazwe izivumelwano 35. Isivumelwano yokugqibela igama ngokusesikweni "UMthetho lokugqibela lwale CSCE," kwaye kwagqitywa ngokungacwangciswanga libhekisela eHelsinki Izivumelwano.

Eyona engundoqo Izibonelelo ze-Helsinki Izivumelwano

Uxwebhu Isiphumo izivumelwano Helsinki zaye ngokusesikweni iziphumo kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ukongeza, imigaqo-10 eziphambili zomthetho nezobudlelwane ngamazwe ziye zaphuhliswa. Phakathi kwabo simele kuqaqambisa kumthetho inviolability le imingcele akhoyo kumazwe aseYurophu, non-uphazamiseko, ukulingana States, intlonipho inkululeko, ilungelo iintlanga isigqibo nakwizibetho zabo.

Ukongeza, amalungiselelo sele iphuhlisiwe ukuze ubudlelane jikelele amanqwanqwa ezopolitiko, ezomthetho kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo enkcubeko, emkhosini,.

Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo mbutho

eYurophu (CSCE) Ukususela ngoku kwi Ukhuseleko neNtsebenziswano iBhunga waqalisa ukuba sihlanganisane. Kwintlanganiso ebibanjwe ngo Belgrade (1977-1978), Madrid (1980-1983), Stockholm (1984), kunye e Vienna (1986).

Enye ebalulekileyo ngentlanganiso Paris ngoSeptemba 1990, apho yazinyaswa ngabaphathi abaphezulu lamazwe inxaxheba. Yayamkela le Tshatha odumileyo ka Paris, leyo kwaphawula ukuphela IMfazwe, asayina isivumelwano kwiingalo, kwakunye nemiba ebalulekileyo intlangano mayicaciswe gca olunye uthethwano.

Kwintlanganiso eMoscow ngo-1991 yamkela isigqibo malunga namalungelo oluntu kuqala ngaphezu imithetho yesizwe.

Ngowe-1992, kwintlanganiso Helsinki wayeza Ukufometha CSCE. Ngaphambili, yena, enyanisweni, yaba iforam yolawulo zonxibelelwano liLungu States, ukuba ukususela ngaloo mzuzu waqalisa ukuba ube ngumbutho yinxalenye abasisigxina. Kulo nyaka omnye ngo-Stockholm iqalise post entsha - kuNobhala Jikelele CSCE.

Ngowe-1993, kwintlanganiso ebibanjelwe eRoma, isivumelwano kwaye kwafikelelwa kuso ngokusekwa kweKomiti eSisigxina, apho amazwe inxaxheba wathumela abathunywa bazo ukuba bamele.

Ngoko ke, i CSCE nalapha ngaphakatyhi waqalisa ukuba bafumane iimpawu esebenza ngokusisigxina. Ukuzisa igama kwenziwa isigqibo ngokuhambelana ncakasana ifomathi ngo-1994 e Budapest, ukuba ngoku CSCE aziyi ngenye indlela kunokuba for Security neNtsebenziswano eYurophu (OSCE). Esi sibonelelo weza ukusebenza ekuqaleni kuka-1995.

Emva kwale ntlanganiso ibalulekileyo iindwendwe OSCE zaye zabanjwa Lisbon (1996), Copenhagen (1997), Oslo (1998), Istanbul (1999), Vienna (2000), Bucharest (2001), Lisbon (2002), Maastricht (2003), Sofia ( 2004), iLjubljana (2005), Astana (2010). Kule foram ukuba baxoxe ngemiba yokhuseleko yengingqi, ubugrogrisi, separatism, nemiba yamalungelo oluntu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ukususela ngo-2003, indawo eRashiya OSCE kaThixo yahluka rhoqo ukusuka iimbono uninzi kwamanye amazwe inxaxheba. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, uninzi izisombululo eqhelekileyo uthintelwe. Ngaxa lithile kwakukho intetho imali kangangoko Russia ukusuka mbutho.

imigomo

Iinjongo eziphambili, sandimisa ngokwabo amazwe OSCE, kukufikelela uxolo nozinzo eYurophu. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, lo mbutho athathe inxaxheba ekusombululeni ingxabano phakathi kwamagunya phakathi ilungu lithi, ulawula ukwanda izixhobo, eqhuba imisebenzi ongunozakuzaku eziluhlobo othintelo ukwenzela ukuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka.

Lo mbutho iqwalasela imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kule ngingqi, kwakunye nokulandelwa kwamalungelo oluntu eYurophu. imisebenzi OSCE zijoliswe ekwenzeni esweni unyulo kumazwe inxaxheba ngokuthumela ababukeleyo zabo. Lo mbutho likhuthaza uphuhliso namaziko wethu entando yesininzi.

amazwe inxaxheba

Umelo inkulu entlanganweni aseYurophu ngokwendalo. OSCE ngokubanzi, uye amazwe angamalungu 57. Ngaphandle Europe, umbutho abachaphazeleka ngqo mazwe mabini Intshona Melika (Canada kunye ne-USA), kwakunye inani lamazwe aseAsia (Mongolia, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, njalo njalo. D.)

Kodwa ke isimo party - asinguye kuphela ukuba ikhona entlanganweni. amaqabane Intsebenziswano babonwa Afghanistan, Tunisia, Morocco, uSirayeli kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi.

Ubume bale Izidumbu OSCE

for Security neNtsebenziswano e Europe kakhulu isakhiwo solawulo ngokubanzi.

Ukuze kulungiswe le miba ibalulekileyo ezikumila lwehlabathi, ngokuya kwiNgqungquthela IiNtloko zoMbuso nezooRhulumente. Oko kuxhomekeke kwisigqibo kulo mzimba zibaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba loo ntlanganiso yokugqibela yabanjwa ngo-2010 e Astana, yaye ngaphambi koko - kuphela ngo-1999.

Mu kuya kwa nshita kwiNkomfa, iBhunga labaPhathiswa Foreign idibana qho ngonyaka. Ukongeza kokuxoxa miba ibalulekileyo, umsebenzi wayo unyulo kuNobhala Jikelele mbutho.

I OSCE IBhunga abasisigxina - umzimba omkhulu ngesakhiwo, noqhuba ngokusisigxina kwaye idibana qho ngeveki eVienna. Yena ibandakanyeka kuxoxwa ngemiba ephakanyiswe kunye nezigqibo phezu kwabo. Aqondise igunya usihlalo sokubambela.

Ukongeza, imizimba ebalulekileyo noshowo i OSCE yeNdibano iPalamente kukuthi, i-Ofisi yamaZiko Democratic kwi Ukhuseleko Cooperation Forum.

Amagosa Top of the OSCE kucingwa ukuba wenza usihlalo kunye nonobhala jikelele. Ukubaluleka kwezi zithuba kwaye ezinye imizimba noshowo le OSCE, siza kuthetha kamva.

USihlalo-in

Management kwaye umbutho we-OSCE ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi eqhubekayo obambeleyo usihlalo.

Esi sikhundla olugcinwe yi nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yaNgaphandle belo zwe, lo nyaka ongusihlalo i OSCE. Ngowe-2016, lo msebenzi yekhethelo uphumeza eJamani, nto leyo ethetha ukuba usihlalo OSCE nguye German nguMphathiswa Foreign Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Ngo-2015, indawo ilawulwa ummeli wathi Serbia Ivitsa Dachich.

Usihlalo yomsebenzi kukulungelelanisa umsebenzi imizimba OSCE, kwakunye imbonakaliso lombutho kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, Ivitsa Dachich ngo-2015 yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo zokuhlala kwimpixano Ukraine.

uNobhala Jikelele

Owesibini post ubalulekileyo umbutho - uNobhala Jikelele. Unyulo ngokuba indawo ibanjwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu, iBhunga labaPhathiswa. Okwangoku, unobhala jikelele i Italian Lamberto Zannier.

Amagunya kuNobhala Jikelele kuquka ulawulo lombutho ngusosiba, oko kukuthi, nguwe kanye lo yintloko yolawulo. Ukongeza, lo mntu wenza njenge njengommeli OSCE ngexesha lokungabikho uSihlalo.

INdibano zePalamente

I OSCE Assembly yePalamente eyakhiwa abameli bawo onke 57 nxaxheba. Esi sakhiwo yasekwa ngo-1992 kumbutho inter-wepalamente. Oku kuquka amasekela ngaphezulu kwama-300, nto leyo abathunywa ukuba ephalamende ye States Lungu.

Ikomkhulu kulo mzimba isekelwe eCopenhagen. Amagosa Top of yoWiso zePalamente ye usihlalo kunye jikelele nonobhala.

abasisigxina kunye neekomiti ezintathu ezikhethekileyo elisebenza esi sikhokelo ye-PACE.

ukugxekwa

Kutshanje, ngakumbi ngakumbi nangakumbi ukugxekwa lo mbutho. Iingcali ezininzi zithi ukuba mzuzu OSCE ayikho nako ukusombulula imingeni ephambili kwaye kufuneka zingaguquka. Ngenxa yobume isigqibo, izisombululo ezininzi axhaswa kokuba kuvalwe ezininzi amalungu kwabambalwa.

Ukongeza, kukho izandulela, xa nkqu izigqibo OSCE abayi kubulawa.

OSCE Intsingiselo

Nangona zonke iziphene, kunzima ukuba zazi ukubaluleka OSCE. Lo mbutho iqonga apho amazwe inxaxheba uyakwazi ukufumana into enivumelana kwimiba ukuphika, ukusombulula impixano, ukuba kuvunyelwane kwindawo edityanelweyo kwi ngesisombululo ingxaki ethile. Ukongeza, lo mbutho wenza iinzame kakhulu ukuqinisekisa amalungelo oluntu kumazwe aseYurophu kunye nokulawulwa ngokwentando kuluntu.

Musa ukulibala ukuba ngelo xesha kwiMfazwe Yomlomo washiywa okungakuncinananga ngenxa uthetha-thethwano phakathi CSCE. Ngaxeshanye kufuneka sizame ukuqinisekisa ukuba imingeni emitsha yezopolitiko kunye nokuzondelela amalungelo abantu, umbutho nayo intloko-on. Kwaye ufuna ukwenza ukulungiswa OSCE.