Umlweli La-5FN: iimpawu yokusebenza

Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, igalelo elibalulekileyo uloyiso wenza yafakwa. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amandla umoya German yafakwa kunye koomatshini imfazwe enamandla ezinjengezo "Messerschmitt" bf 109G and "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A, alawula moya eSoviet esibhakabhakeni. oomatshini Air Wehrmacht imveliso abayili ophantsi kakhulu USSR, nto leyo ukulwa La-5FN.

Yintoni elingezantsi Luftwaffe na?

umlweli Soviet La-5FN eqondisa phezu verticals kunye horizontals ibe ngcono kakhulu ngaphezu umlweli omkhulu isiJamani "Messerschmitt" bf 109G, kuba emva kokuba bend ambalwa akwazi ukuya nomsila yotshaba nokuvelisa umlilo echanileyo. Kuyenzeka nokuba phantse iimpawu ngesantya esifanayo, ophethwe aba babini imodeli-imbangi.

Umlweli La-5FN abazange bashiye ithuba lokuphumelela imoto, kwaye isiJamani "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A. Le modeli yi nokuba enasilela isantya. Ngo umlweli yasemkhosini Wehrmacht FW190A-8 akukho eziluncedo uphume phezu La 5FN leyo aneempawu ngesantya esiphezulu senxulumano kwaye uphume elungileyo, leyo kunye namava pilot enikiweyo uloyiso moya yiSoviet emoyeni edabini. Ngokutsho imiyalelo ekhutshwe yi amabutho umyalelo yokubhabha eJamani, ukulwa eSoviet La-5FN yayigqalwa utshaba kakhulu eyingozi edabini apho abaqhubi amacala Wehrmacht zonakekelo elibalaseleyo nengqeqesho.

qala ukudala

Ngowe-1941, uMyili SA Lavochkin moya zezala LaGT-3 lwaqhutywa - ukulwa, ngelo xesha unqamkile ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno. Kwabakho imfuneko engxamisekileyo imodeli entsha ekwaziyo withstanding umoya yokulwa mihla. Isiseko sathathwa LaGG-3.

Kwagqitywa ukusebenzisa iinjini omtsha umatshini nenjini AL-82FN enesakhono 1700 HP kunye dvadtsatimillimetrovye yolunye ShVAK umpu. Ngelo xesha elinye, ukuze kuxhotyiswe moya yayo le injini abayili baye bazama ezifana AI Mikoyan, SV Ilyushin, V. Petlyakov and AS Yakovlev. Kodwa okuhle bonke, wabona imoto Aviation SA Lavochkin.

Ekuqaleni injini AL-82FN hayi wenyukela fuselage-moya njengoko yaphuhliswa umfuziselo we-M-105. Kodwa nabaqambi baye bakwazi ukuxhobisa umqolo-ezimbini imveliso yayo injini iphiramidi, ukuze isiseko zamkelwa LaGG-3 airframe wahlala ingaguqukanga uyilo, geometry kunye nomlinganiselo.

Ngenxa injini AL-82FN karma La 5FN waye waphucuka iimpawu uphume nesantya, nto leyo ngokukodwa ibonakala yokusebenza njengokuba ukugoba enzulu eqondisa nkqo. Ubukho imipu dvadtsatimillimetrovyh Soviet La-5 ShVAK lenza pilot kule mpi emoyeni oomatshini German ukuthabatha ukuzithethelela kunye nokuhlasela.

Ukusetyenziswa kuyilo entsha injini

Shvetsova ngenkani yoqheliso injini AL-82F yayisetyenziswa ngo-mlilo ezifana iLa-5F (ethe yabonakalisa basisishunqulelo moya) kunye iLa-5FN. basisishunqulelo yokugqibela, ukuba ulilungu imifuziselo souped-up ne-ziphene ngqo.

Ngokutsho legend, izixhobo umlweli yiSoviet motor enamandla kwabangelwa ukungoneliseki nge zenzeko Stalin kaThixo yezobugcisa DB-82 kwindlela afterburner. Anele ukuba imizuzu embalwa. Xa indlela kukaStalin yenye injini ezinjalo sele liqalile kulo imo, yaye wayesebenza kude kungekhona ingasebenziyo. ixesha akatswe wabonisa ziyaphelelwa lixesha elide - it ngaphaya iiyure ezingama-50.

Le zentsebenzo ukulwa mlilo. Le Uyilo moya La-5FN le injini wabanika amandla 1750-1850 hp yaye yaxhasa imo afterburner imizuzu elishumi. Ekubeni imfuyo enkulu zepetroli ngexesha bolawulo enjalo ungandiswa.

uvavanyo

La-5FN karma yenye ulungiso-moya La-5. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1942 e-Lyubertsy baye avavanywe ngokucokisekileyo, emva koko uyilo lwabo savunywa. Testing emele dogfight uchaze phakathi La-5FN waza wayithimba bf 109G-2. Emva yaqukunjelwa ekulweni; umlweli eSoviet ilungele ukusebenza amancinci naphakathi ukuphakama, nto leyo ibalulekileyo ukuze moya Mpuma Front.

KuTshazimpuzi kulo nyaka, iKomiti yoKhuselo State wamnika imvume ukuze kuqale yemveliso series, isiphumo apho wakhululwa kokulungiswa ezimbalwa La-5, omnye wabo ukulwa La-5FN. Amafoto, ebekwe ngezantsi, na iimpawu ze-umatshini moya.

Yeyiphi inqwelo injongo?

combat usemoyeni ngokugabadelayo esezantsi kuthathwa umsebenzi ophambili, nto leyo yenzelwe karma La-5FN, isixhobo kunye nolawulo leyo wayenza yindlela engcono eSoviet Air Force ngelo xesha. Ukusebenza kwe ailerons kwaye bakhwela La-5FN igqithile komsebenzi German FW 190A-8, nto leyo kakhulu nzima yaye lunikezelo ubunakho eliphantsi. Kodwa karma utshaba waba ithuba ngexesha uhlela emanzini ngesantya esiphezulu ukwenza ithuba idabi ukuhlasela karma iLa-5FN.

Ukuba ulawuleko Umatshini eSoviet ngokuxhomekeka okokuba likude ngesantya esiphezulu siyaphepha ngokwayo ocande kuhlaselwa isikhundla kunyuka nokuthantamisa. Oku kuyenzeka kuba i-La-5FN kuthelekiswa FW 190A-8 izinga ilungileyo kokwenyuka, elathi yogqithe ethambekeni eweni ye ukulwa waseJamani. Phakathi neziphakamiso banikwa umhlohli moya kwizikolo moya kwimeko kungquzulwano esibhakabhakeni kunye FW 190A-8, yaba umlomo odla elide kunye nokunciphisa isantya. Ukongeza, nabaqhubi kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukuphunyezwa kwe-moya afterburner elide ayenzelwanga njengegunya injini ibalwa ngemizuzu ngaphantsi kwamashumi amane.

speed kuvunyelwe

Lo moya akwazi ukufikelela isantya amandla cruise kunye afterburner. Baba ezahlukeneyo ongazikhetha esebenzayo nezahlukileyo ilizwe kunye ulwandle amanqanaba.

• La-5FN karma kwendawo afterburner akwazi ukufikelela ngesantya ukuya ku-520 km / h.
• Kwinqanaba amandla eli isantya ingami yaba 409 km / h.
• AGL usiwe umgama km afterburner. Yayisebenza 540 km / h. Kwaba kuvumelekile ukuba ingami amandla, kodwa ezinobude kweemitha 2400.
• Kumgama amawaka 5. Zokulinganisa ingami amandla lanyuka ukuya 560 km / h.

Uyilo lwe-injini, nto leyo lixhotyiswe karma La-5FN zange emalitshintshwe apha naphaya afterburner kumgama ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezimbini. Oku kungenxa awohluke zezulu channel a orifice umcephe apho ayiboneleli amandla ubuninzi injini.

Umlweli La-5 FN. iimpawu

Lo moya kakhulu ngawo omabini ziingcali Aviation eSoviet kunye nesiJamani, kunye yaseBritani. Umlweli La-5FN yayigqalwa ngcono phakathi kwabo bonke oothixo eMpuma Front.

• Aircraft endlwaneni lwenzelwe pilot enye kuphela;
• ubunzima karma waba 3.290 kg;
• zobukhulu (ubude kunye nephiko ubukhulu) - 8.67 x 9.8 yeemitha;
• Wing Area - 17.5 macala onke. m;
• umthwalo iphiko elinye square metre nganye yaba ngama-191 kg;
• uyilo mayixhotyiswe motor M enye ngamandla-82FN HP 1750.;
• kwintaba ephakame 6250 m matshini liphuhlise isantya moya ukuya ku 634 km / h;
• isilingi inkonzo (ubude maximum) ukuba mlweli - 10750 yeemitha;
• caca avareji - 16.6 m / s;
• Iinkanunu ziyilelwe neelitha 460;
• ubunzima oyile - 46 kg;
• guns ezimbini dvadtsatimillimetrovye ShVAK kwafuneka ukuba kuxhotyiswe La-5FN;
• umlweli ekwaziyo withstanding umthwalo iibhombu ukuya kwi 100 kg;
• aviamashina senzelwe imigama elingagqithiyo km 930.

Umlweli La-5FN. device

• Kuba kuyilo lo aviamashiny laka injecting ngqo amafutha kwi iziqulathi.
• Endaweni manifolds zeemoto kwi-moya ukusebenzisa nemilomo ngamnye, nto leyo yaba ziziqwenga ezisixhenxe icala ngalinye.

• Inxalenye engentla ukwesona iqulathe tot okhethekileyo.
• fuselage fairing kwehliswa, njengoko ekwimo isibane (babedalelwe-moya AS Yakovlev Yak-9) litshintshiwe.
• Usebenzisa dashboard wanika ithuba ukwenza nokuhlasela ebusuku kunye neemeko zemozulu embi.
• iqela izixhasi esele yenziwe, nokwadala uphawu lwangaphakathi kunye ubushushu thermal lo ndlwana iLa-5FN. Karma lifumene uphuculo bebonke ezihamba.
• Ukuphucula moya ukubukela yafakwa nge isibane entsha, nto leyo ingakumbi kwiimeko zongxamiseko iye kwidama legkosbrasyvaemoy sliding inxaxheba.
• Ulwakhiwo wheel we- ngumsila wena. Isenokuba ukuphuma ngexesha esemoyeni, xa samoorientirovatsya rulezhe.
• amaphiko Dvuhlonzhernye aba sheathing ngamaplanga waza duralumin abasuke oluzenzekelayo, leyo esebenzisa beziya ukufika ukuba zinokwahluka izidanga ukuya ku-60, xa kukho imfuneko.
• Xa imveliso ye fuselage kwaye zikhangeleke yayisetyenziswa buKristu ezinde. Wayengomnye maleko eziliqela, ezithi yodwa phezu web.
• Kuba wayemenza kabini-mqolo injini iphiramidi ebonisa imibhobho-yenzelwe AL 82FN steel motor-welding. Injini ngokwayo ise isitya, leyo sakhiwa iiphaneli duralumin legkosemnyh. Oku inikezela ngonikezelo simahla kwi isithuthi nokulungiswa okanye ukulungiswa.

I esikiwe nge-moya?

iintlobo ezininzi iimodeli moya La-5 yokulwa babe zokwakha iinkuni eqinileyo, ethe ngokuqhubekayo ngcono. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imithi kufuneka ukumelana nomlilo, Amandla material ke akwanelanga. Xa imodeli La-5FN ingqalelo eyodwa ihlawulwe kwabaphuhlisi ukukhusela umqhubi injini. Wood indawo yi duraluminium nesinyithi, nezithi ziqinisekise ukuba inkathazo-free kunye nokusebenza motor ethembekileyo naxa iziphumo ukuqhekeka. iitanki Fuel zange vehicles, yaye oku kwenza ukuba sesichengeni kakhulu sokuhlaselwa. Wooden iphiko Spar kungena amanye yesinyithi. Kuba ukhuseleko umqhubi lweetanki amafutha kwimveliso karma baqala ukusebenzisa iglasi vehicles, Ebubanzini nto leyo inxalenye ngaphambili ndlwana yaba 57 mm. Ngenxa yokuba le nto elalenziwe bronezagolovnik (68 mm). Bronespinka kwenziwa 0.7 cm ngentsimbi zamafu.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-moya

I-ikhweyitha aphezulu elorini inikezela ngokubonakala elungileyo kunye ukubonakala kwazo zonke-ngeenxa zonke. ukubonakala Front kwaba kuphela. Oku kungenxa pilot ephantsi-enokusawula. Running injini ye-moya yashiya exhaust zabona enkulu. I pilot wasebenzisa inkqubo ioksijini eliphezulu-kwendawo, nto leyo kovalo economizer ethe-ngokusebenzisa (ingcamango zisuswe kwinkqubo economizer German).

Ukuba phambi langutela bendiza, radiators, Izivalo, trims kunye nezinye manual ulawula uyilo ezahlukeneyo - iingalo ukuba engxakini, kuba ngexesha edabini ekukhawuleziseni umqhubi ekhathazekile xa uhambisa iintonga, i iLa-5FN ayengasekho onke ezenzekelayo. iiyunithi Pilot yonke wayengakwazi ngokulula iqela nenjini le, ukudubula sekhe nokulawula umsebenzi, andifuni evela umlo. Control lever kuphela isityalo amandla, abanye saba automatics.

Njani na ukunyuka?

Ngexesha qalisa karma ukuhla kwamandla avumelekile kuvandlakanywa injini yayo. Moya run-up ngaphandle umgama okungephi. Ngexesha andize karma umsila liphuma kancinci. Kolingelo kwii okwangoku kunzima kuba umsantsa ukusuka emotweni ukuya Screw emhlabeni incinane.

Izizathu ihambisa

Nawuphi na umatshini moya uneempawu zawo kunye nobuthathaka ngexesha esemoyeni. Enye yakutshanje ihambisa. Ngaba olungenayo yale ukushiyeka karma La-5FN. Iimpawu bayama iingcali zihlahlelwe kungathathelwa ingqalelo xa kuyilwa, ukuphuculwa kwisizukulwana esilandelayo moya. Izizathu asesitalini;

• Slow phantsi. Xa kubuyiswe, indiza iiseyile kunye caba abasuke ziveliswa enesantya 200-210 km / h. Xa inani liyancipha speed aileron ngendlela. Ekuweleni karma okanye inhibition yakhe 180 iziphumo km / h ngendlela ukwehlisa iphiko kuba loo pilot isantya dempfinirovat roll nzima. Ihambisa kunokwenzeka xa gear indiza beziya xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ilinge iyaqhubeka ngokutsala sokunqika ngokwaso, njengoko karma uya engile ubuninzi nolufikelelekayo kuyo.
• Kusetyenziswa amathuba emaweni. Kunye nokusasazwa rapid La 5FN kwenzeka umoya flow asesitalini kwi iphiko. Ngokwandisa isantya lokunciphisa omhle waziva aileron eliqaqambileyo. Xa nokusasaza abalwa ukuya ku-320 km / h ndisolulela kukho ukuphakama kuyimitha 2400, apho i-jika ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lemizuzwana engama-30, uyilo kumatshini bafumana sindisa 2,6G. Ukuba kuthe kwanyanzeleka ukuba enze ailerons iintshukumo ngequbuliso, oko ibe liqhina ngokwemvelo-moya kwicala ujikelezo.

Ukuthintela ukuthotywa moya, kukho imiyalelo efanelekileyo kuso kuthatha ixesha elingakanani igophe elipheleleyo ubude ethile. Ngoko ke, ngokuba weemitha 2400 inika imizuzwana-28, yaye ukuphakama ngekhilomitha ke kufuneka kwenziwe kwimizuzwana 25.

nokuzinza flight

Kuba karma iphawulwa uzinzo omkhulu kuzo zonke kwizikhundla nezixhobo, beziya nasebudeni ukuphakama nokushicilela. Iinzame ukusingatha Minor. Kwandiswe njengoko yokusebenza moya bagobe enzulu. Steering indlela ithathwa ngokuba eyanelisayo, kodwa kungancitshiswa - ngenxa nesantya ophantsi apho mlweli iLa-5FN enambuzelayo. yolawulo lwemipu kwezi meko kulula. Xa unxaxho kwenzeka ukuphakamisa wokujika okanye ukuthoba impumlo-moya. Ezi oscillations, okwabizwa ngokuba inyathelo Dutch, yalungiswa ngoncedo iintshukumo sikhokelo ivili.

Ukugqitywa yeflayithi

Ixabiso lika-200 km / h kucingwa eliphezulu izinga apho mlweli yehla iLa 5FN. Ukutyala kwenziwa kwi amanqaku amathathu. ukuphunyezwa yawo ngqo endaweni ethe tyaba. Kungenjalo, ugcine imoto kwi kwakunzima ebaleka. Unobangela ubunzima kwakukho amavili unyathela olungalinganiyo. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukulwa ngexesha igqampe bevuma off, ebangela Screw nako nokuba yonakele, njengoko lo matshini kwafuneka umgama kakuhle phakathi kwakhe emhlabeni. Kakhulu nzima ukuba ukugcinwa pilot ukulwa, zemimoya ezinamandla crosswind. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuze umelane usebenzisa ivili enye kuphela, kwaba nzima. Ngoko ke, xa ukutyala idla weza unyathela ivili.

Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki kuyilo, iLa-5FN karma yenye imifuziselo best moya yiSoviet, leyo ezinye analogue yayo loo moya yasekhaya isikhundla lwiimi ziveleleyo lemfazwe esibhakabhakeni waza wenza igalelo elibonakalayo uloyiso.