Umntwana ukhala e-kindergarten: wenzeni? UKomarovsky: ukulungiswa komntwana kwi-kindergarten. Iingcebiso zeengqondo

Bambalwa abantwana abanokuqala ukutyelela enkulisa ngaphandle kwezinyembezi. Kodwa ukuba abanye abantu bavumelanisa neziko lokufundela esikolweni ngaphandle komkhondo, kwaye ngokoqobo kwiveki okanye ezimbini umntwana uhlala ezolile ukulala komhla, ke kwabanye le nkqubo ilibaziseka ixesha elide, kwaye ukukhala rhoqo kunokungaguquki nezifo ezingapheliyo. Kutheni umntwana ekhala e-kindergarten? Yintoni endiyenzayo? Komarovsky EO - ugqirha wabantwana, umbhali weencwadi ezithandwayo kunye nemiboniso yeTV malunga nempilo yabantwana-unikeza inkcazo ecacileyo malunga nendlela yokusombulula ezi ngxaki ngokuchanekileyo ngaphandle kokulimaza umntwana kunye nosapho. Funda kabanzi malunga nale nto kwinqaku lethu.

Kutheni umntwana engafuni ukuya enkulisa

Uninzi lwabantwana luqala ukuya kwi-nursergart eneminyaka emibini okanye emithathu. Ixesha lokulungelelanisa kwintsimi lidla ngokuhamba kunye nokukhala okanye abahlaziyi. Apha kufuneka ufumanise ukuba kutheni umntwana engafuni ukuya enkulisa, kwaye uncede anqobe le mqobo.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sesimo sengqondo esichaphazelayo kwi-kindergarten emntwaneni inxulumene nokuhlukana nabazali. Kuye kwafika ukuba uneminyaka emithathu ubudala umntwana wayexhunyiwe ngokungahambi kakuhle kunye nonina kwaye ngokukhawuleza wahlala kwindawo engaziwayo ejikelezwe ngabantu abangaziwa. Ngelo xesha, bafuna ukuba adle kwaye enze izenzo ezininzi ezingenakuzenza phantsi kweemeko zokuxinzelela. Ihlabathi lakhe eliqhelekileyo, eliqhelekileyo ukusuka ebuntwaneni, lijika, kwaye iinyembezi kule meko ziyakwenzeka.

Ngoko, kukho izizathu ezithandathu zokuba kutheni umntwana engafuni ukuya enkulisa :

1. Akafuni ukwahlukana nonina (ukunakekelwa ngokweqile).
2. Uloyiko lokuba akayi kuthathwa kwi-kindergarten.
3. Uloyiko lokuhlanganisana kunye neziko elitsha.
4. Uloyiko lo titshala.
5. Uyakhubekiswa ensimini.
6. Kwi-kindergarten, umntwana uziva enesizungu.

Enye into kukuba abantwana, njengabantu abadala, bahlukileyo kwaye abaphenduli ngokulinganayo kwimeko. Omnye umntu ngokukhawuleza uguqulela kwiqela elitsha, kwaye umntu akakwazi ukuwujoyina nangemva kweminyaka yonxibelelwano. Kule meko, abazali kufuneka balungiselele umntwana ngaphambi kokuhlukana, ukuze iinyembezi ekuphumeni kweminye ingabikho kuhlaziyiyure kwiiyure eziliqela.

Kuthekani ukuba umntwana uyakhala enkulisa?

Zonke izizathu zokulila kubantwana ngexesha lokulungelelanisa kwi-nursergart zijongwa njengesiqhelo. Okona kuninzi, ngelixa lokuqala, abantwana banqabile, umsebenzi wabazali ukunceda umntwana ukuba afunde indlela yokujamelana neemvakalelo kwaye uzame ukufumana kuye ukuba kutheni umntwana ekhala e-kindergarten.

Yintoni enokuyenza, uKomarovsky uyachaza ngale ndlela:

1. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, umlutha kwi-kindergarten kufuneka uhambe kancane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu xa umama ethatha umntwana kwi-kindergarten ekuseni, umshiya apho ekhala usuku lonke, kwaye uya kusebenza ngokuphepha. Ngoko ukwenza ngokucacileyo akukhuthazwa. Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo nolungileyo lubonisa ukuba ixesha lokuhlala engadini kufuneka linyuswe ngokuthe ngcembe: kuqala kwiiyure ezingama-2, emva kokulala emva kokuhlwaya, ngoko kukutya. Kwaye ngalinye iqela elilandelayo kufuneka liqale kuphela emva kokuphumelela ukulwa neyokugqibela. Ukuba umntwana akayidli isidlo sasemini kwintsimi, ke akunangqiqo ukushiya de emva kokutya.
2. Yandisa isangqa soqhagamshelwano. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqale uqhelane nabantwana abavakatye iqela elinye, nangaphambi kokuba bangene kwi-kindergarten. Ngoko abahlobo bokuqala baya kuvela kumntwana, kwaye kuya kuba lula ngaye kumyezo, ukwazi ukuba uMasha okanye uVanya nabo baya kuye. Uqhagamshelwano lweVnesadikovskoe luye luqeqesho oluhle lokukhusela.
3. Thetha nomntwana. Kubalulekile: imihla ngemihla kufuneka ucele umntwana ukuba unjani usuku lwakhe, oko akufundile amatsha namhlanje, into ayidlayo, njl. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza ngokuxinzeleleka kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukudumisa umntwana ngenxa yokuphumelela kwakhe kokuqala. Ukuba umntwana engakathethi okwamanje, banomdla kwimpumelelo yakhe kumfundisi, kwaye inkunzi imdumise nje.

Ezi zenzo ezilula ziyabasebenzi kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kunceda ukujamelana neinyembezi kwi-kindergarten.

Ngaba kufuneka ndiqhube kwi-kindergarten xa umntwana ekhala?

Ukususela kwingcamango yentlalo-ntle, kwengqondo kunye nokufundiswa, i-kindergarten ithathwa njengeyona nto ibangela ukuba kuphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo umntwana kunye nokukhuliswa kwakhe okuchanekileyo. Ubomi bokudibanisa ufundisa umntwana ukuba axubushe kunye noontanga kunye nabantu abadala, ukuze ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuya kuba lula kuye ukufunda esikolweni nokwakha ubudlelwane kunye nabaphathi kunye nabo emsebenzini.

Ukulungiswa okusemgangathweni komntwana kwi-kindergart kuqala inyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi komcimbi ocwangcisiweyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezinokuthi zilungele ukulungiswa. Kulula ukuba abantwana bavumelanise neqoqo elitsha, kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzilungelelanisa, okungekho nto ebangela ukungonakali okhethekileyo ukutshintsha imeko. Kunzima kakhulu kwiintsana ezineqondo eliphantsi lokuzilungelelanisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo basebenzisa igama elithi "umntwana we-nesadikovsky". Ikhulu ukwenza abazali babe ngabantwana abanjalo? Ngaba ndingamthabatha umntwana kwi-kindergarten xa ekhala?

Impendulo yombuzo wokugqibela abazali kufuneka banikele. Inendima ebalulekileyo kule nto idlalwa yinto edlalwa yinkwenkwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana abaneendlela ezincinci zokunciphisa umzimba banciphise kakhulu umzimba, ngoko ke banokungenwa nezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuba unina unokukwazi ukuhlala nomntwana ekhaya, ngoko unokuzikhethela eso sigqibo. Kodwa kuyafaneleka ukuba sicinge ukuba, njengommiselo, aba bantwana abaqhelekanga nje kuphela kwi-kindergarten, kodwa nakwi-collective esikolweni.

Ukulungiswa komntwana ebantwaneni: isiluleko sengqondo seengqondo

Isihloko sokuguqula abantwana kwi-nursergart sithathwa njengento eqhelekileyo phakathi kweengqondo zengqondo. Kwaye lo mbuzo unzima kakhulu, kuba isimo sengqondo esilandelayo somntwana esikolweni sincike kulo.

Yintoni ekumele ibe yinto yokulungiswa komntwana ebantwaneni? Iingcebiso zengqondo ziyancitshiswa kuluhlu lulandelayo lweziphakamiso:

1. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela lokuqala kwi-kindergarten livela kwiminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwe-3. Ukuqhelana nolutsha olutsha kufuneka lube phambi "kweengxaki zeminyaka emithathu" ezayo.
2. Awukwazi ukugxeka umntwana ngenxa yokuba ukhalela kwi-kindergarten kwaye akafuni ukumtyelela. Ingane imane iveza iimvakalelo zakhe, ize ijezise, umane nje ukhula kuye inzwa yecala.
3. Zama nangaphambi kokuba utyelele i-kindergarten ukuba ufike kuye kwi-excursion, qhelana neqela, kunye nabantwana, kunye nomfundisi.
4. Dlala nomntwana kwi-kindergarten. Vumela iipopethi zibe ngabafundisi kunye nabantwana kwi-kindergarten. Bonisa umzekelo kumntwana, unokuzonwabisa kwaye unomdla kuyo.
5. Ukulungiswa komntwana engadini kungaphumelela xa uthatha umntwana kwelinye ilungu lentsapho yakho, umzekelo, utata okanye ugogo, oko kukuthi, unomntu ongathintekiyo ngokomntu.

Zama ukwenza konke okusemandleni ukwenzela ukuba umlutha ube mnene kunokwenzeka kwintsana kwaye ungaphuli umntwana wengqondo yakhe.

Ukulungiselela umntwana kwi-kindergarten

Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Komarovsky, ukutshintsha imeko eqhelekileyo kumntwana phantse kubangele ukuba uxinzelele. Ukuze ugweme oku, kuyimfuneko ukulandela imithetho elula eya kulungiselela umntwana ebomini kwiqela.

Ukulungiselela umntwana kwi-kindergarten inezigaba eziliqela:

1. Ixesha lokuguqulwa kwengqondo. Lungiselela uhambo ukuya enkulisa kufuneka uqale malunga neenyanga ezi-3-4 ngaphambi komhla obekiwe. Ngomdlalo womdlalo, umntwana ufuna ukucacisa ukuba yintoni inzala, kuba kutheni apho, uya kwenza ntoni apho. Kule nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba nomdla kumntwana, ukumbonisa inzuzo yokutyelela kwintsimi, ukuxelela indlela enenhlanhla ngayo ukuba uya kulesi sikhungo, kuba abazali abaninzi banqwenela ukuthumela abantwana apho, kodwa bamkhetha ngenxa yokuba nguye kanye.
2. Ukulungiselela ukhuseleko. Zama ukuba nehlobo elihle ehlotyeni, mnike umntwana izithelo kunye nemifuno eninzi, kwaye ubuncinane inyanga ngaphambi kokutyelela i-kindergarten, kuyinqweneleka ukusela iivithamini kubantwana abaya kwi-kindergarten. Oku akusayi kusindisa umntwana ukususela kwisithuba seentsholongwane eziphefumulayo, kodwa ziya kuqhubeka ngokulula, ngaphandle kokuxhamla kwezinye izitho kunye neenkqubo. Ekuqaleni kwesi sifo, ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana eziva ephilileyo, kufuneka uthabathe umyezo wakhe kwaye uqale unyango, kuba kwimeko enje umntwana oya kutshintsha angaqala ukukhala.
3. Ukugcinwa kombuso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba umntwana sele sele ehamba kwi-kindergarten okanye ehamba nje, kubalulekile ukunamathela kule ndlela yokulala nokuphumla, njengokwentlobo yesibini. Kule meko, umntwana, ukungena kwiimeko ezitsha kuye, uya kuziva ukuba ukhathazekile ngengqondo.
4. Tshela umntwana ukuba kwi-kindergarten ootitshala baya kuhlala behlangula. Umzekelo, ukuba ufuna ukusela, kunele ukucela umqeqeshi ngale nto.

Kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, akufanele uloyike umntwana ngomntwana.

Umhla wokuqala kwi-kindergarten

Le yimihla enzima kunayo yonke ebomini nomntwana. Umhla wokuqala kwi-kindergarten ngumzuzu osabekayo kwaye unomdla, apho udla ngokuxhomekeka ukuba kulula kangakanani okanye kunzima ukuba ulungelelanise.

Khangela ukutyelela kokuqala kwi-kindergarten ngeli holide kuza kunceda izi ngcebiso ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuvuka kusasa akuzange kube yinto engamangalisi kumntwana, ilungiselele kwangaphambili ukuba ingomso uya kwi-kindergarten.
2. Ngokuhlwa, lungiselela iimpahla kunye neentsana ezifunwa yintsana kunye nayo.
3. Kungcono ukulala ngexesha ukuze uzive uvuya ngakumbi kusasa.
4. Ekuseni ziphathe ngokuzinzile, njengokungathi akukho nto inomdla eyenzekayo. Umntwana akufanele abone amava akho.
5. Kwi-kindergarten umntwana kufuneka adincede aze amlethe kumfundisi. Akufuneki ukubaleka ngokunyaniseka ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana ejika. Umama makaxelele umntwana ngokwakhe ukuba uya kusebenza kwaye athi uya kubuyela kuye. Kwaye akukona ngenxa yokuba umntwana ukhalela kwi-kindergarten. Yintoni enokuyenza, uKomarovsky uyachaza ukuba kubalulekile ukuba umntwana azi ukuba uya kuthathwa ngokukhawuleza xa esidla kwasekuseni okanye edlala.
6. Musa ukushiya umntwana ngosuku lokuqala kweeyure ezingama-2.

Yintoni umnyamekeli enokuyenza xa umntwana ekhala egadi?

Uninzi kwi-adaptation yabantwana kwi-kindergarten ixhomekeke kumncedisi. Kufuneka ukuba ngandlela-thile abe ngumbono wezengqondo owaziyo kuqala isandla ngezengxaki zabantwana kwi-nursergarten. Ngethuba lokulungelelanisa utitshala kufuneka axhumane ngqo nabazali. Ukuba umntwana uyakhala, kufuneka azame ukuhlalisa umntwana. Kodwa ukuba umntwana akayi kumnxeba, unenkani kwaye uqala ukukhala ngakumbi, ngexesha elizayo kufuneka acele unina ukuba amthinte njani. Mhlawumbi umntwana unemidlalo ethandekayo eya kumphazamisa kwiinyembezi.

Kubalulekile ukuba utitshala engadini angabeki uxinzelelo kumntwana kwaye akayi kummangalela. Oku kwamkelekanga. Ukusongela ukuba unyoko akayi kuza kuwe, ngenxa yokuba ungadli i-porridge, kuqala kokungabikho. Utitshala kufuneka abe ngumhlobo womntwana, kwaye umntwana uya ku tyelela i-kindergarten ngokuzonwabisa.

Umntwana ukhala ngeendlela eziya kwi-kindergarten

Into eqhelekileyo kwiintsapho ezininzi yimeko xa umntwana eqala ukukhala ekhaya kwaye uyaqhubeka ekwenzeni endleleni eya enkulisa. Akunabo bonke abazali abanokuphepha ukumelana nokuziphatha okunjalo kwisitrato, kwaye baqala ukufumanisa ubuhlobo, obudla ngokugqithiseleyo.

Izizathu zokuba kutheni umntwana ekhala, akafuni ukuya kwirejista kwaye ulungisa izidumbu endleleni:

• Ingane ikwazi ukulala ngokwaneleyo kwaye ikhuphuka ebhedeni ngaphandle kwemizwa. Kule meko, zama ukulala ekuqaleni.
• Vumela ixesha elaneleyo lokuvusa kusasa. Awudingi ukuba ugqoke kwi-bedin uze ugijime kwi-kindergarten. Vumela umntwana achithe imizuzu eyi-10-15 embhedeni, jonga iikhathuni, njl.
• Lungiselela izipho ezincinci kubantwana okanye ngutitshala. Ungathenga ieskese ezincinane eziza kunikwa abantwana emva kwekusasa, ikhukhi, amakhishithi kunye nombala, eziprintwe kumshicileli wekhaya. Thetha malunga nokuba akahambanga nje kwi-kindergarten, kodwa uya kuba ngumlingo kulo kwaye uza kuzisa izipho kubantwana.

Yintoni enokuyenza ukuze umntwana angalili kwi-kindergarten?

Yintoni abazali abangayenza ukuze banqande umntwana ekulileni enkulisa:

• Ukufezekiswa kwengqondo kwebhokhwe kwiinyanga ezili-3-4 ngaphambi kokuqala kokutyelela umyezo;
• Ngokuqhelekileyo utshele inkunzi malunga neenzuzo zomyezo, umzekelo abantwana abaninzi bathanda ukuva ukuba bebe badala;
• Ngosuku lokuqala kwi-kindergarten musa ukuyishiya ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-2;
• Vumela ukuzisa ithoyizi ukusuka ekhaya (kuphela akubizi kakhulu);
• Cacisa ngokucacileyo ixesha xa unina ethatha lona, umzekelo emva kokutya kwasekuseni, emva kokutya okanye emva kokuhamba;
• его о прошедшем дне каждый раз; Xoxa nomntwana uze umbuze malunga nosuku oludlulileyo rhoqo;
• Ungakhathazeki kwaye ungabonakali kumntwana, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kunzima kangakanani kuwe.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zabazali

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abazali benza ezi mpazamo zilandelayo ngokulungelelanisa umntwana kwi-kindergarten:

1. Yeka ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza xa umntwana engakhange amemele ngosuku lokuqala enkulisa. Ingane inokuphatha kakuhle ixesha elilodwa kunye nonina, kodwa akunqabile ukuba ngosuku lwesithathu kwi-kindergarten umntwana uyakhala ngenxa yokuba wabuyela kwangoko lonke usuku.
2. Ngokukhawuleza bashiya ngaphandle kokuthetha. Ngomntwana, oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo olunzima kakhulu.
3. Baxosha umntwana ngomntwana.
4. Abanye abazali banikezela ukunyanzelisa ukuba umntwana uyakhala e-kindergarten. Yintoni enokuyenza, uKomarovsky uyachaza ukuba ukuzithobela iimvakalelo zabantwana okanye izihlamba akufanelekanga. Ekubeni uvumela umntwana ukuba ahlale ekhaya namhlanje, akayi kukhwaza ngomso okanye ngomso emva komso.

Ukuba ngaba abazali bebona ukuba kunzima umntwana ukuba alungiselele i-kindergarten, kwaye awazi ukuba angamnceda njani umntwana, kufuneka abonane nengcali yengqondo. Iingcebiso kubazali kwi-nursergart ziza kunceda ukuphuhlisa isenzo sezenzo, ngenxa yokuba umntwana uza kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ebomini kwiqela. Nangona kunjalo, konke oku kuya kusebenza kuphela xa abazali bephulaphule kwaye banomdla wokuthatha umntwana kwi-kindergarten kwaye akuyikuba, kwithuba lokuqala, babalekele ingcebiso yesazi sengqondo.