UMphathi - it ... Oosolusapho of Russia. uMphathi KIRILL

Ngokhokho - kodwa isidima liphezulu lonqulo autocephalous Orthodox Christian Church. Ilizwi ibandakanya uqhagamshelwano ngala macandelo mabini nengcambu ngesiGrike itolikwa njenge "uyise", "lulongamo" okanye "amandla." Le isihloko savunywayo ibhunga ibandla Chalcedon ngo-451. Emva ukwahlulwa ibandla lamaKristu ngowe-1054 e-Eastern (Orthodox) kunye Western (Catholic), lo gama elikhuselweyo kuluhlu eMpuma Church, apho usolusapho - a oluneqela elinegunya umfundisi isihloko ekhethekileyo ngubani na igunya elongamileyo yobufundisi.

okhokho

KuBukhosi yaseByzantium ngelo xesha icawa ekhokelwa oosolusapho ezine: eConstantinople, Alexandria, Antiyokwe neYerusalem. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, njengoko inkululeko kunye autocephaly amazwe afana Serbia kunye iBulgaria, Ndikunyathelise eCawa naye ema usolusapho. Kodwa solusapho yokuqala eRashiya eyakhethwayo ngo- 1589 yi-Moscow Cathedral weqela legunya ibandla, kwakhokelela ngelo xesha uMphathi baseConstantinople UYeremiya II.

Oosolusapho of Russia waba nempembelelo enkulu kuphuhliso yeCawa Orthodox. indlela yabo ngokuzidela wokuzincama waba zobuqhawe ngokwenene, yaye ke isizukulwana ngoku kufuneka ukuba nazi, ukuba baqaphele oku, ngenxa yokuba ngamnye Oosolusapho kwinqanaba elithile kuye negalelo ekomelezeni ukholo lokwenyaniso ezizweni benemfundo.

umsebenzi

I Moscow Ubhishophu yokuqala iye uYobhi, ophethe isikhundla engcwele ukususela 1589 ukuya 1605. Injongo yalo ephambili kunye eziphambili kukomeleza Orthodox eRashiya. Waba umqalisi iqela iinguqulelo zecawa. Phantsi dioceses zakhe amatsha kunye namacwecwe yoonongendi, waqalisa ibandla ukuba kuprintwa iincwadi mthandazo. Noko ke, usolusapho ngo-1605 wahliswa yi nabavukeli kunye bavukeli ngenxa ukwala iqaphele igunya nguDmitry False I.

noHermogene

Kuba Job labefundisi kwakhokelela Svyaschennomuchenik Germogen. wobukumkani bakhe libhalwe ukususela 1606 ukuya 1612. Eli xesha ungqamene nexesha wokulawula abonakele kakhulu kwimbali Russian. ngokuphandle ngokungafihlisiyo Usolusapho uYobhi wathetha nxamnye abahlaseli kunye Polish Prince, ababefuna ukwakha etroneni Russian. ke ngelo noHermogene ke wasuka wawohlwaya yi nezibonda, ngubani bamfaka elugcinweni uMenzi Monastery kwaye apho babulawa yindlala. amazwi yakhe yaviwa Kodwa, yaye kungekudala kwasekwa i ngabavukeli ekhokelwa yi Minin ne Pozharsky.

Filaret

Usolusapho elandelayo ngexesha ukususela 1619 ukuya 1633 yaba Fedor Nikitich Romanov Jura, emva kokufa Tsar Fedor Romanov ndasukuzana esivakalayo etroneni yakhe, njengokuba ngumtshana Ioanna Groznogo. Kodwa Fedor wawela ihlazo Boris Godunov waza tonsured yimonki, ukufumana igama Filaret. Ngamaxesha lombhodamo kwi-False nguDmitry II, Metropolitan Filaret entolongweni. UMikhail Romanov - kodwa 1613, unyana ka-Filaret wonyulwa tsar Russian. Ngenxa yoko, waba co-ibamba, ngoko nangoko emva Filaret solusapho embelwe san.

I Ioasafa

Ekuziseni ngokhokho Filaret ukususela 1634 ukuya 1640 yaba ubhishophu Pskov kunye Velikiye Ioasafa mna, ochithe kakhulu lomsebenzi kolungiso lwemposiso kwi iincwadi zonqulo. Xa iincwadi zonqulo kuyo 23 zaye zaveliswa, osondele yoonongendi emithathu wambuyisela ezintlanu ivaliwe ngaphambili.

Joseph

Ngokhokho Imithetho UYosefu kwirenki kasolusapho ukususela 1642 ukuya kunyaka 1652. Wayirhola ingqalelo kakhulu ukukhanya kokomoya, ngoko ke 'abazalwana Rtishchevskaya "Moscow Theological Academy xa yasekwa ngo-1648, eSt Andrew Monastery. Ukraine - kuba ngenxa yakhe ukuba Amanyathelo okuqala begazi of Russia kunye Little Russia iqatshelwe.

Nikon

Kamva, ukususela 1652 ukuya 1666 i-Russian Church Orthodox ekhokelwa uMphathi Nikon. Waba kakhulu uyazidela ngokomoya uyihlo, ngubani na inxaxheba negalelo begazi Ukraine ne-Russia, kunye ke Belarus. Phantsi kuye iminwe emibini uphawu lomnqamlezo ithathelwe indawo yiminwe emithathu.

Joasaph II

solusapho Seventh waba Joasaph II, Archimandrite kaBathathu Emnye-uSergiyo Lavra, owayelawula ukususela 1667 ukuya 1672. Laphuthuma utshintsho ka uBhishophu Nikon, xa waqalisa ukufundisa abantu ngaphandle kumntla-mpuma weRashiya kwi nomda China ecaleni Amur River. Ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe Beatitude Ioasafa II Spassky Monastery yasekwa.

Pitirim

Moscow Ubhishophu Pitirim olawula iinyanga ezilishumi kuphela ukususela 1672 ngo 1673. Waza wabhaptizwa Peipsi eMonastri Tsar Peter I. Ngowe-1973, kunye intsikelelo yakhe yasekwa Ostashkov yaseTver monastery.

nguJoachim

Yonke imigudu uBhishophu nguJoachim elandelayo, Ekulawuleni ngo 1690 ngo-1674, zaye xandzukela nempembelelo amazwe iRussia. Ngowe-1682, ngexesha le nkathazo ngenxa zoludwe uBhishophu nguJoachim wamenza ukuphelisa musketeers qhankqalazo.

Andrian

Yeshumi abefundisi Ubhishophu Andrian wahlala ukususela 1690 ukuya 1700 yaye ezibalulekileyo ezaqalisa ukuxhasa amaphulo uPetros I kulwakhiwo yomkhosi wamanzi, emkhosini guqula kwezoqoqosho. umsebenzi yakhe enxulumene nokugcinwa izimiso kunye nokukhuselwa le isonto qhekeko.

Tikhon

Kwaye ke, kwiminyaka kuphela emva 200 kwexesha Synodal ukususela 1721 ukuya 1917, wanyukela etroneni oosolusapho, Metropolitan eMoscow Kolomna Tikhon, owayelawula ukususela 1917 ukuya 1925. Kwimeko imfazwe yamakhaya kunye revolution, kwakufuneka ukusombulula imiba kurhulumente omtsha, isimo esibi ukuya ecaweni.

uSergiyo

Ukususela ngo-1925, Metropolitan uSergiyo of Nizhny Novgorod waba uSekela kwamadoda Locum Tenens. Ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic ngayo yayiququzelelwe Defense Fund, apho uphakamisa imali iinkedama samkelwe. Kwakukho nokuba kukho ikholam itanki esekwe phantsi igama nguDmitry Donskoy. Ukususela 1943 ukuya 1944 wamiswa solusapho.

Alexis I

NgoFebruwari 1945, usolusapho elitsha Alexy Mna, wenza indlela yakhe kwetrone de-1970, yena wonyulwa. Yena wenza imisebenzi ekubuyiselweni iicawa zitshatyalaliswe nezigodlo emva kwemfazwe, ukuseka abafowunelwa kunye nodade Orthodox Churches, yamaRoma Katolika, iicawa Non-Chalcedonian basempumalanga, amaProtestanti.

Pimen

Intloko elandelayo yeCawa yobuOthodoki yaba uBhishophu Pimen, ukuba singene ofisi ukususela 1971 ukuya 1990. Waba ezihlangwini le utshintshwano iqalwa oosolusapho elidlulileyo, yaye wayalela zonke iinzame zabo ukomeleza ubudlelwane phakathi ihlabathi Orthodox kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Ngehlobo lowe-1988 uBhishophu Pimen wakhokela ukulungiselela ekubhiyozeleni Millennium le Ukubhaptizwa Rus.

Alexy II

Ukususela ngowe-1990 ukuya kowama-2008, i-uMphathi Moscow Alexy waba Bishop II. ebudeni bolawulo lwakhe ngenxa kuphuhliso ngokwasengqondweni ukuvuselelwa Russian Orthodox. iicawa ezininzi nezigodlo zivulekile ngeli xesha. Isiganeko esiphambili yaba ukuvulwa indlu ka Krestu unguMsindisi eMoscow. Ngo-2007, sisayinwe uMthetho Iincwadi Orthodox Church isibheno ukuya kwiCawa yobuOthodoki Russian ongaphandle Russia.

KIRILL

January 27, 2009 wonyulwa elinesithandathu uMphathi eMoscow, nto leyo eyaba Metropolitan of ESmolensk kunye Kaliningrad KIRILL. Le umfundisi owaziwayo esisityebi kunene engobomi, kuba ngumbingeleli njengelifa. Kule minyaka mihlanu wobukumkani bakhe, uMphathi KIRILL wazibonakalisa njengento yezopolitiko onamava kunye ngonozakuzaku elinobuchule neecawa, akwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ixesha elifutshane Bulelani kubudlelwane ezigqwesileyo kunye noMongameli kunye noMphathiswa Prime.

Ubhishophu KIRILL wenza lukhulu ekumanyaniseni iCawa Orthodox Russian aphesheya. etyelele rhoqo kumazwe angabamelwane, iintlanganiso kunye abalungiseleli kunye nabameli bezinye iinkonzo ukomeleza nokwandisa umda nobuhlobo kunye nentsebenziswano. Ubungcwele Bakhe oqonda ngokucacileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko ekukhuliseni yokuziphatha kunye ngokomoya abantu ingakumbi ababingeleli. Uthi ukuba iCawa kuyimfuneko ukwenza kumsebenzi wobuvangeli. UMphathi All Russia, kabukhali ubachasile abafundisi ababuxoki kunye namaqela olukhulu ezityhala abantu ibe isiphithiphithi ecacileyo. Ngenxa iintetho ezintle kunye nezilogeni efihliweyo izixhobo lokutshatyalaliswa zeCawa. Ngokhokho KIRILL njengoko akukho bani uyiqondayo le nto isihloko olukhulu. Indlela elikhulu ukubaluleka kwayo ebomini eli lizwe. UMphathi - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, sinoxanduva olukhulu ngokuba lonke ilizwe kunye nabantu yonke Orthodox Russian.