Saint Afanasiy Veliky waseAlexandria: engobomi, imbali kunye noluhlu lweencwadi

Saint Athanasius Omkhulu (c. 295-373 gg.) Ngaba enye yeenkokheli zecawa iphambili, ibhekisela Alexandria esikolweni patristic. Okokuqala ukuba umamkeli kasolusapho Aleksandriyskogo Aleksandra, uze umisele esitulweni. Afanasiy Veliky wayesaziwa welinye icala ubalaseleyo yiArian. Ngu BC kunyaka 350. e. Oku kwakungenakwenzeka ubhishophu kuphela baseRoma uBukhosi (okanye ngaphezulu kanye isiqingatha sayo empuma) nearianskogo iphiko, leyo wagxothwa kwaye agxothelwa izihlandlo eziliqela. Ithe ke yakuba ilondele lamiselwa bahlonipha yamaRoma Katolika, Orthodox kunye amabandla Coptic.

St. Afanasiy Veliky

Athanasius wazalwa kwisixeko saseYiputa iAlexandria. Ngenxa inkwenkwe, unina wambuyisela etempileni ukuya usolusapho waseAlexandria, wanika kwinkonzo kaThixo. Wayeyindoda umfana ekwaziyo kwaye ikrelekrele, ngokunyaniseka ezalisekisa imiyalelo kaThixo.

Ngowe-319, emva kweminyaka 6 yenkonzo yakhe kumfundi ecaweni, usolusapho wayisikelela Loo mfana waba umdikoni yeBandla of Alexandria.

Kulo nyaka 325, eSt Afanasiy Veliky wahamba Alexander Wokuqala zeformula kwiBhunga laseNicaea njengonobhala. Kwaye apho ke ixakeke kakhulu inxaxheba kwiimpikiswano nzima heretical malunga nohlobo kaKristu. YiArian ugwetyiwe, Arius ngokwakhe, yamchola ingxelo yavakala consubstantial Emnye njengophawu yokholo.

Kwangaxeshanye, Athanasius waqalisa ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Wabona akukho ukuhlonela abo beza ibandla likaKristu, kuba uninzi lwazo kukulavuza, zinxweme, ufuna olulolwakhe uzuko zinakonakala ngenxa yakhe, wamngenisa ebomini zamaKristu namasiko alo yobuhedeni veruchenie engalunganga.

Arius

Ize Arius uthe onke amazwi uyanyelisa okukhubekisayo ngoYesu nguMama kaThixo, ekholelwa ukuba uKristu akazange alingane noThixo. Kwakhona wafundisa abantu engavumelekanga iBandla likaKristu yezinto, ngokwenjenjalo ndizibek iindimbane. Inani abalandeli bale uwexuko landa, ngoko ke wabiza Arians. mfundiso zobuxoki wazabela obujikeleze ilizwe xa Christian Church lonke.

Ngowe-326, uMphathi Alexander wafa. Kunoko, yena wonyulwa Bishop Athanasius. Waba enzulu kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe, badlala eninzi yabantu, ukuyilahla le Arians futhi kunzima ngemigaqo yabo non-lamaKristu. Arians, nto, waqalisa ukuba lilinyelise kuye.

uKonstantin Veliky

Ngexesha uBukhosi baseRoma olawula uKonstantin I Veliky (306-337.), Ngubani waphumelela ngowe-324 uloyiso phezu soprovitelem zobuhedeni singanyangekiyo noLicinius. UConstantine waziva umxhasi yokwenene of the Christian Church. Wayefuna ukuba ubuKristu kungena inkolo yombuso. Lo mlawuli wayeyazi kakuhle kwimicimbi karhulumente yaye yaba ngonozakuzaku obalaseleyo, kodwa iimfundiso yeVangeli ayenziwanga ngokukodwa kwaziwa, ngoko kwaba nzima ukuba isigqibo oko kuyinyaniso kwaye bubuxoki, nokuba kubhetele ukhethe - yiArian okanye Orthodox? Ukuthatha le ukungaqiniseki izimvo, ngabaqhekeki eyangena zonke izikhundla wahlebela zonke iintlobo amarhe nokuhleba, iyelenqe yaye nobanda.

UConstantine waba lweli nokudityaniswa ngamandla, kodwa ke ukufumana izikhalazo njengamacala evela abaxhasi Arius, Athanasius ukusuka lweli. E laseYiputa, uye waba zodlame ngakumbi, abantu baqala ukungqubana kathathu ezitratweni.

whacker

Against Archbishop Athanasius wajika yonke imfazwe, lona lancethezwa ukuba mthetho, wenza imilingo waza wenza umbulo bangazithobeliyo umlawuli ze benze izenzo ezingekho mthethweni.

Ingongoma kanye ufikelele kwinqanaba engenangqondo, xa lona lancethezwa ukuba ukusebenzisa ezinye uhlobo kunqunyulwa isandla abafileyo abenaso umfundisi Arseny, ukudala zonke iintlobo zobugqwirha. Arseny waba umfundi, ngoxa abanye ityala yakhe Yayizimele evela kwabasemagunyeni, kodwa ukuva ukuba Afanasiy Veliky wayegculela, wavela phambi kwenkundla akenzakala. Ngoko wakhuza abaxhasi ubuxoki of Arian.

Ke kubo lo buxoki wayengekho ngokwaneleyo, yaye kongezelelwa omnye, ukuthenga nenekazi bokungabi nazintloni, owathi ukuba St. Athanasius wayefuna ngomsindo phezu kwakhe. Athanasius umhlobo uTimoti, ukuphulaphula emva iingcango zalo ityala akruqulayo, singalindelanga wangena kwindlu yerhuluneli, waza wabonakala mfazi, ngokungathi Athanasius, ngala mazwi: ". Mileyshaya andixolele into endiyenzileyo kuni ngobu busuku ubundlobongela" Lzhesvidetelnitsa hysterically lamemeza ukuba akanakuze uxolele le umhlaseli yaye ungcolisa nokucoceka. Iijaji ziye zabona yadlalwa comedy, wahleka, wamgxotha kowabo.

Saint engenalo yi umlawuli waza wathumela ukuba abe ngusihlalo Alexandria.

Ukuxhaphaza kunye nokuhlukunyezwa

UMlawuli uConstantine wabona yonke ubunzulu intiyo ezingasenza ibe imfazwe zonqulo yokwenene, waza wabuza St. Athanasius ngexesha ukuhamba.

Ngelo xesha, 330 yiArian uxhaswe ngurhulumente, uConstantine wabizela ekuthinjweni Evseviya Nikomediyskogo, uze emva koko bendlela.

Ngowe-335 Athanasius wasigweba iTire Cathedral. Waphinda watyholwa ukubandakanyeka ukubulawa umbingeleli Arseny meletianskogo kwaye abathinjiweyo Trier. Kodwa emva kokufa koMlawuli uConstantine ngowama-337, yena wabuyela ekhaya ekuthinjweni lakhe.

Mbusi Constantius

Mlawuli wayengunyana wesibini Konstantina Konstantsy. Inkundla komlawuli yonke wema ngenxa Arians, waqala intshutshiso ngamaKristu Orthodox, nabaveleli wamgxothela, waqalisa ukuba singene iitrone yabantu abangendawo. Afanasiy Veliky wabaleka ukuya eRoma iminyaka emithathu.

Xa ekuthinjweni, leva St Servatius, owaba nomkhuseli wakhe azinikele iimbambano kunye qhekeko Arian-Council of Sardica.

Ngo-340, waphinda agxothwe. E Alexandria wabuyela isebe 345 kuphela, emva kokufa Bishop Gregory. Kodwa ngo 356 kwakhona wabagxeka Milan Cathedral, emva koko wabalekela Upper Egypt nokufihla apho de unyaka-361 de lokufa uKhesare Constantius.

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 ka Afanasiy Veliky echithiweyo ekuthinjweni, ngoko shwaka, ngoko ukuza babuyela kumakhaya abo. Nangona inkxaso ngamandla zooyise monasticism, Saint Anthony, kunye Pachomius. Kamva, wayeya ubhale incwadi ngayo.

Athanasius, njengokuba ubhishophu, abawazanga loo ubukho olulinganayo amasebe bobu Arian ubuKristu.

sizi

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uYehova bagwetywe bonke kwetyala zakhe zinobulungisa: Arius kunye nabalandeli ngabaqhekeki Babesoblwaya, kodwa wabulawa ukumkani ongendawo. Emva kokuba indawo yi Julian njengoMwexuki, waye ulawulo Jovinian abangcwele kuye, emva Valens, owathi, nangona ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye buhlungu iCawa, kodwa esoyika zidale wavumela Athanasius ukubuyela isitulo Alexandria ngokuzolileyo ngoxolo nokulawula yonke imihla yabo. Bishop Afanasiy Veliky reposed ngoMeyi 2373 eneminyaka engama-76.

Njengoko abaninzi nje kweminyaka engama-46, waba ubhishophu Alexandria, batshutshiswa baza lanyeliswa. Kodwa wayesoloko wabuyela ukushumayela inyaniso yeendaba ezilungileyo zikaKristu Msindisi.

Afanasiy Veliky: indalo

Eli zenkolo yaba kukuba uThixo waba umntu ukuze umntu ukuze abe nguThixo. ubomi bam bonke ndichitha xa kuthethwa inyaniso Afanasiy Veliky. "Ngaloo wenyama kweLizwi '- umsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo yaba umbhalo umbindi Christianity, ngaphandle kokuchaza olahlwa zonke ukukholwa kuKristu.

Bishop Athanasius kuqala wathimba amava Abaseki Desert kwincwadi ethi "The Life of Antony". Obungqongqo ukwenza oko sobulumko uthi nje. Ukuzila iveza umehluko bulumko Afanasiy Veliky. "Commentary on the Psalms" yaba umsebenzi akrelekrele wezinto exegesis patristic ovumela ukufunda iitekisi kwaye baqonde kakuhle eyona ntsingiselo yawo nokubaluleka.