Umsebenzi Intetho: isakhiwo, iintlobo kunye neentlobo

umsebenzi Speech - yinto uhlobo lomsebenzi, nto leyo ejongisele lwentlalo. Ngethuba lasungulwa nokusetyenziswa ngxelo wadala ukulungiselela injongo ethile (ukunxibelelana, impembelelo, ephembelela, njalo njalo). Ingcaciso yomsebenzi nkulumo abaphengululi ezininzi zeelwimi. Ngenxa yoko, omnye umzekelo ngengqondo L. S. Vygotsky, ngubani iyichaza inkqubo ngokwenza yokucinga, oko kukuthi, unyango yayo ngendlela ngomlomo.

Ngokubanzi, isakhiwo umsebenzi ukuthetha ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: le nkqubo ibandakanya izenzo zentetho, ngokusekelwe ukulungiswa kunye nokuphunyezwa mazwi, nto leyo iba umda ezahlukeneyo kunye nentsingiselo.

Noko ke, kwengqondo ziye zaphawula ukuba oku iquka imigangatho emine. Eyokuqala kuzo - lo impefumlelwano iimfuno kunye neminqweno, kwakunye iinjongo ekufuneka nefuthe ingxelo elizayo. Oko kukuthi, rhabaxa, isigaba sokuqala ijolise ukujonga imiqathango umsebenzi intetho, ngokunjalo uphawulo umcimbi wayo umxholo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemali. Inqanaba lesibini - ucwangciso - ibandakanya ukhetho kunye intlangano iindlela kunye neendlela zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Njengoko ngokuba kwisigaba sesithathu, leyo kuthiwa eqonda inokuba ngokwangaphandle sicacisiwe okanye engavezwanga. Kwinqanaba lesine lomsebenzi yokuthetha esweni, yaye iindlela zokwenza lo msebenzi, ikhutshwa phandle ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ebudeni zetyala, kugxininiswa njongo kwaye ufake abathile ngohlobo lwayo. Njengokuba uthetha, ukuzeyisa yenziwa apha ngexesha yonke le nkqubo.

Ukuba lungaziqwalasela ezi ngongoma kumaziko ukusuka kwindawo umbono Ezolimi, scheme kakhulu yenkohlakalo isenzo intetho eyenziwe yi R. O. Yakobsonom. It iqulathe imiba emine engundoqo:

1. Sender (othi).

2. Umamkeli (ngubani na ophulaphuleyo).

3. Imeko (imeko apho i-ngxelo yenziwe - isicwangciso ngokusesikweni, isifundo, incoko abahlobo, njl njl).

4. Isiseko iinkcukacha kwiCEMIS.

umsebenzi Speech unokuba kweentlobo ezimbini: lwangaphandle kunye lwangaphakathi, kwaye ezi izahlulo ezibini kukho sixhomekeke rhoqo kunye nomanyano. Ngoko ke, malunga ifomu lwangaphakathi, nto ulawula ekulungiseleleni, ekucwangciseni iinkqubo wonke umsebenzi intetho, yaye izinto ulawulo lokugqibela nanga imisebenzi ngengqondo, leyo bajongene ukuphunyezwa kwayo (iimvakalelo, kufuneka, ecinga, memory). Le fom yangaphakathi luphawulwa izigaba ezine: ezixhasayo, isicwangciso ukwakheka, ukuphunyezwa kwayo, kwakunye uthelekiso kwesicwangciso kunye nokwenziwa ngenxa.

umsebenzi Speech, njengoko sele sibonile, na eguquguqukayo, oko kukuthi, ukuphunyezwa kwayo yenziwa kwenzeka bubukho izifundo ezibini. Kwimeko apho uhlobo unilateral yokuvakalisa xa kukho kuphela umamkeli okanye umthumeli, le nkqubo iya akayi kuqhubeka. Ukuba ayiphononongisise le meko ukusuka kwindawo umbono psycholinguistics, ngoko oku kunokwenzeka, xa lo mntu ngokwakhe ukuthetha.

Qaphela ukuba isifundo sesibini - ithagethi akukho esebenzayo ngaphantsi kuneyokuqala. Zengqondo bakholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wakhe intetho sibizwa ngokuba yinkqubo "umsebenzi yengqondo yangaphakathi."

Ngokubanzi, i-nkqubo kuthathwa ekrelekrele, ngokuba ngenxa yobuchule bendalo kunye nenjongosenzi. Ngoko ke, njengokuba nibabalwe lokugqibela umfanekiso yengqondo engqondweni umntu into ethile kubukho ezingqongileyo. Kwakhona phakathi iimpawu olu hlobo lomsebenzi ukwahlula ingakumbi izixhobo zayo, ezisetyenziswa iiyunithi zeelwimi.

Ngoko ke, kucacile ukuba umsebenzi intetho kucingwa ukuba eziphambili iindlela zonxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu. It ngaxeshanye kuchazwa njengendlela yokuqala yonxibelelwano.