Boyar tvoix - ngokomzekeliso kaHomer. Ibali lobomi boyar tvoix

Boyar tvoix yenye babantu ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian abashiya uphawu yabo kwimbali karhulumente. Eli bhinqa esihle onesibindi kunye neenkani, ukuba ukulwa ngokwenene imigaqo zakhe nezimvo. Ukusela Boyarynya edidayo, kuba umntu oko nenzondelelo eArabha, sendikulungele ukuya ekufeni, kodwa anikezele iinkolelo zabo, kwezinye yinto intlonelo nokunyaniseka yokuxhathisa ukholo yayo eyamkelweyo. Enoba lwalunjani, kodwa oko - umzobo cishe, kunye kubulelwe kumzobo Surikov khumbula amabali tvoix uya kuba ngaphezu isizukulwana omnye.

Origin Boyarina tvoix

Prokopievna uTheodosius wazalwa May 21, 1632 eMoscow, uyise - Sokovnin Procopius Fedorovich - igosa lakomkhulu, waye isalamane umfazi wakhe wokuqala Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, Mariey Ilinichnoy. noblewoman elizayo phakathi ngamagosa ababehamba ukumkanikazi. Kwiminyaka 17 uTheodosius watshata tvoix Gleba Ivanovicha. Umyeni wakhe ummeli lentsapho amanene, waba enozalwano yintsapho Romanovs, kufuphi Moscow, waba ipomakazi lendlu eqaqambileyo Zyuzin, mayibalwe umalume Prince waza waba sleeping bag yokumkani. UMzalwan 'Gleb, Boris, waye esisityebi kunene. Wafa 1662, kwakunye nenzala akazange efika, bonke abantu isizalwane.

Ubutyebi kunye nempembelelo Boyarina

Emva kokufa Gleb Ivanovich karhulumente omabini abazalwana iba a minor Ivan Glebovich, unyana Gleb, kunye uTheodosius, kwaye umphathi kanye ubutyebi kuba umama wakhe. Ibali lobomi boyar tvoix umdla kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba lo mfazi yokuba izimvo zabo ngayo ebomini. UTheodosius Prokopievna lukazi Boyarina ihashe, waba nempembelelo enkulu, wayesondele kukumkani. ubutyebi baso umona kuphela: noblewoman waba namanene eziliqela, kodwa bahlala ezilalini Zyuzin, leyo wamisa ikhaya lakho imodeli Koloni. Ngelo xesha le nandawo kunazo.

Boyar tvoix zokunika imiyalelo (!) Amawaka asibhozo ngamakhoboka, kuphela endlwini yakhe kwakukho malunga nama-300 abasebenzi. E Feodosiya waba umqeqeshi smart, kwaye ihonjiswe ebhanyabhanya zesilivere, ngokufuthi yena uhamba, zinyuswe oogxa bakhe abathandathu, okanye nokuba alishumi ngamakhamandela nezakudala. Ngexesha boyarynya uhambo kunye nabakhonzi, nabakhonzazana malunga ne-100, ukukhusela kusuka uhlaselo. Morozov ngaloo mihla yayigqalwa phantse nosisityebi eMoscow.

A Umcebi yokholo Old Amakholwa

Boyar tvoix yaba mxhasi wangumququzeleli ukholo endala. Yena waba soloko livelana amahlwempu kunye nesinyabi engcwele, Banike bayilize. Ukongeza, endlwini yakhe ngokufuthi waqokelela abalandeli amakholwa Old ukuba athandaze malunga izimiso yamandulo kwi icon Old Amakholwa. Lo mfazi ukunxibelelana avvakum, umlweli ukholo endala, akazange aqonde ukuba utshintsho lwe uMphathi Nikon.

Abeyambethe ihempe iinwele, ukuze ngaloo ndlela 'okumdambisa inyama. " Kodwa uHabhakuki wayengonwabanga tvoix, bambongoza ukuba bavula amehlo akhe, njengoko wenzayo Mastridiya ukuba uzikhusele ngokwakho ukusuka izilingo uthando. Kwakhona umbingeleli beyikhalimela boyarynya ngothando encinane, kuba xa imeko yakhe ukwenza okulungileyo kakhulu kubantu abaninzi abasweleyo. Ngaphezu koko, uTheodosius, nangona, yaye kwakunjalo kukholo endala, watyelela ibandla isiko elitsha, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ungathembi ngakwicala babebambelele.

ukungathobeli tvoix

Ukumkani wayesazi ngeenkolelo Boyarina ihashe, yaye ukuziphatha okunjalo akazange akuthande oko. UTheodosius wayiphepha ibandla kunye neziganeko zasekuhlaleni, akazange nokuba ukuya kumtshato Alexei Mikhailovich, esithi wayegula kakhulu. Ukumkani ngandlela zonke azama ukuphembelela boyarynya ulukhuni, thumela ukuba injongo kuye izihlobo zakhe ukuba Kucetyiswa umfazi wamcenga ukuba amkele ukholo entsha, kodwa zonke akulambathanga; tvoix emi yedwa. azi Bambalwa njengoko ebememeza Boyar tvoix emva kwesibhambathiso kwi Amakholwa Old. Umfazi ngasese waza wafumana igama elitsha - uTheodore, ezingqina imeko yayo ukuba uhlala enyanisekile ukholo endala.

Ukumkanikazi Maria Ilinichna kudala ephucula-up umsindo wokumkani, kunye nesikhundla eliphezulu Boyarina ayivumelekanga apha kangaka nje ukuba imohlwaye, kodwa nomonde Alexei Mikhailovich yafikelela esiphelweni. Ngokuhlwa, November 16, 1671 ukuya tvoix, Archimandrite nguJoachim weza kunye nonobhala yamatyala Hilarion. Indlu, kunye nodade Princess Boyarina Urusova. Ukuze ubonise indelelo yakho abamenyiweyo, uTheodosius kunye Eudocia waya kulala kunye nokulala Waphendula kwafika imibuzo. Emva ngemibuzo abafazi amanqina baza bemka phantsi endlini. kweentsuku ezimbini kamva, Morozov uthuthwa kuqala Kwimimangaliso, yaye emva koko kwi Pskov-Caves Monastery.

Emva entolongweni Boyarina wabulawa unyana wakhe ekuphela, Ivan, abazalwana ababini elubhacweni, nayo yonke impahla yadluliselwa ebutyebini bokumkani. Morozov walindwa ngenyameko, kodwa evela novelwano kubantu bakhe iimpahla kunye nokutya, umbingeleli Wabhala iileta, yaye omnye ababingeleli omdala ukholo wobudlelane lo mfazi.

inkosi bajeziswe

Boyar tvoix, Princess Urusova noMaria Danilova (umfazi Colonel musketeers) ekupheleni kuka-1674 zaye zadluliselwa Yamskoy eyadini. Zentuthumbo yokubeka abafazi babezama ukweyisela ukwamkela ukholo omtsha ukulahla iinkolelo zabo, kodwa ke bezibhekiselwe. Babeza ukuba aqhumisele esibondeni, kodwa ukunyelisa nqanda Princess Irina, udade kakumkani kunye patroness le izinduna. Alexei Mikhailovich wayalela oodade Evdokia kunye uTheodosius wagxothelwa Pafnutyevo-Borovsky wogcino-kuvalelwa entolongweni zodongwe.

ukufa Boyarina

NgoJuni 1675 abakhonzi 14 Boyarina batshiswa indlu yamaplanga, ixhasa ukholo endala. September 11, 1675 wafa yindlala Princess Urusova tvoix kusengaphambili ekufeni kwakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe wacela abalindi ukuba ahlambe ihempe emlanjeni ukuba zife iimpahla ezicocekileyo. Ukusuka waphelelwa epheleleyo uTheodosius wafa NgoNovemba 2, 1675.

Umxholo womzobo Surikov

Ngowe-1887, emva kokuba umboniso ohambahambayo-15 Tretyakov Gallery, umsebenzi mculi buchopho "Boyar tvoix" Kwathengwa 25 amawaka engange. Painting Surikov imele ubungakanani ngelaphu 304h587,5 cm, kubhaliwe kwathiwa ioli. Namhlanje yenye iigalari likhulu nemiboniso. picture evela kude ezitsala ingqalelo ababukeli, imibala mesmerizing eqaqambileyo, imifanekiso oludlamkileyo amandla lwesithuba. NguVasili wathabatha njengesiseko umxholo we kwahlukahlukana ecaweni ngenkulungwane XVII. Ngumzobi wayefuna ukubonisa ubomi nzima nokholo olunzulu yabantu Russian. Wakwazi ukudlulisela nentlekele le meko: umlinganiswa eziphambili bathotywe, nakhandiweyo kodwa hayi ezaphukileyo; Morozov ke abamiselwe ukufa, kodwa kubonakala ngendlela noloyiso.

Surikov umdla okumiselwe Boyarina

Biography Boyarina tvoix benomdla Vasily Ivanovich, ngenxa yokuba yena ekuqaleni evela eSiberia, yaye eneneni lo mmandla idume inani elikhulu Nabo Old. Siberians sibe nesimo sengqondo esihle kukholo endala; kuba kule ngingqi ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa "ubomi" ngesandla into Old Likholwa nkolo awabandezeleka ngayo nawo ezandleni abameli ukholo entsha. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, kunye "Tale of Boyar tvoix" Surikov laqalisa Ummeli yakhe. Kuyabonakala ukuba, igcisa wachukunyiswa nasemandleni kokuzimisela Boyarina, ngoko ndagqiba ukuvusa imemori kwayo, phezu ngelaphu esikhulu obonisa episode apho Morozov asiwe entolongweni.

Lemifanekiso abalinganiswa abaphambili kulo mfanekiso

Xa ujonge ngelaphu kwi yokuqala ebeganga eye umlinganiswa central - Boyarynya tvoix. Inkcazelo mfanekiso ubonisa ukuba umzobi ixesha elide ukuba imiselwe okanye kumzobo ngobude, yena waziqaba kubo ngokwahlukeneyo zaza ndawonye kunye. Avvakum uTheodosius wachaza umfazi banciphe kunye shifty, imibane-ekhawulezayo shazi, kunye Surikov ayikwazanga ukufumana umntu onjalo - a nenkani, kwegazi, ediniwe kodwa nekratshi endleleni. Ekugqibeleni, yena eboniswe kunye Morozov staroobryadki ukuba wadibana Vasily Ivanovich kufuphi Rogozhskoe yamangcwaba.

EMoscow cucumber zorhwebo amahlwempu, waba kwase kunye nesinyabi engcwele, kodwa umfanekiso owasemzini - yombhali ngokwakhe. "Boyar tvoix" - umzobo isityebi "umbala symphony." Surikov libaluleke kakhulu eziqhotyoshelwe abangasekhoyo, esenza ke ukuba kubonakale kulula. Umpeyinti wabukela selikhithika ixesha elide, Sazithimba zonke modulations zayo, babukela njengoko umoya obandayo kuchaphazela ukuntsonkotha. Kungenxa yoko le nto ngabalinganiswa bakhe babonakala bephila. Ukunika umboniso nemvo intshukumo, Surikov pririsoval ukuya isileyi inkwenkwe aphilileyo.

Uvavanyo umsebenzi wegcisa

Imbali womzobo "Boyar tvoix" engaqhelekanga kakhulu, ukuba nje ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi eye yabangela iingxabano enokuphikiswa yaye high-iprofayili abagxeki ngexesha umboniso ojikelezayo. Abanye uthanda ukusebenza Surikov, umntu - hayi, kodwa sonke sivumile ukuba indalo kube yimpumelelo. Abanye abahlalutyi wathelekisa ngelaphu kunye nemibala ikhaphethi wasePersi, kuba imibala eqaqambileyo namehlo ryabili, izifundiswa yaxoxa iziphene ezithile mfanekiso, ezifana nesikhundla elingachanekanga izandla njalo njalo. D. Kodwa, ukugxekwa edume kakhulu futhi ukulisa isifundo eneenkcukacha mzobo kufuneka ukuba bayavuma - oko ngokwenene wobugcisa.

Phambi Vasily Surikov namnye abazobi ukuze ngokucacileyo kwaye buso angalikhohlisiyo abantu era pre-Petrine. Xa iziko le ngelaphu - lipholi, ngokwengqondo ndidiniwe, ngabafo bendlala ayiphume emfazini kokuzila ukudla ixesha elide, bahlala phakathi kwabantu bakhe angenzi, andilociko uboya zangaphantsi, Torlopov, telogreyah. Isihlwele zahlulwe zibe mbini, omnye uyavelana Boyarynya, enye - yenza bahlekisa yelishwa lakhe. Surikov ikwazile ukuvuselela abalinganiswa zabo. Umbukeli, wema kufuphi laphu navakalelwa ngayo isihlwele ziya kudluliselwa ngexesha ambalwa eminyaka eyadlulayo.

Vasily ukuzenza kuboniswe iziganeko ezenzeka kwimbali Russian. Umsebenzi wakhe uye wakhokelela abantu nje ukuba ufunde kwehlela boyar tvoix, kodwa lokucinga izenzo zakhe. Umntu uyabubona njengento yempambano, umntu bayazithanda inflexibility yakhe yonke kunye nokulandela ngqo imigaqo. Ngexesha umfanekiso imbonakalo yabantu kuthelekiswa Heroine le Populists kunye Stenka Razin. Ithi nje ukuba "Boyar tvoix" kukuba, kuyo yonke iminyaka, kusoloko kukho abantu, ethembekile iinkolelo zakhe.