Umzimba nje. lenyama

Eziphilayo isidumbu ibandakanya iseli enye kuphela, zezona zilula. Babe iimilo ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba. Wonke umntu uyazi igama ubuncinane omnye, nto leyo ephilayo kwecacileyo, kodwa hayi zonke ukuba esi sidalwa enjalo. Ngoko ke, yintoni na, yaye ziziphi iintlobo ivame kakhulu? Kwaye yintoni na le sidalwa? Njengokuba nzima kunye coelenterates, elilodwa olunye-bafanelwe ukufunda eneenkcukacha.

Subkingdom kwiseli

Elibangela ezi zizidalwa ezincinane. imizimba yazo iqanjwa kwiseli enye, nto leyo eye yonke imisebenzi eziyimfuneko ebomini. Ngoko ke, izinto eziphilayo elula single-ezineseli kufuneka nethe, unako ukubonisa ukuba nochuku, iyahamba sizale. Abanye kwahluka imilo rhoqo umzimba, baze abanye rhoqo ukuyitshintsha. Ilungu iphambili somzimba inucleus engqongwe kukho icytoplasm. Kulo iintlobo ezininzi organelles. Lokuqala - obschekletochnye. Ezi ziquka ribosomes, mitochondria, izixhobo Galdzhi kunye like. Yesibini - ezizodwa. Ezi ziquka sokugaya kwaye contractile vacuole. Phantse zonke protists ungahambisa ngaphandle kobunzima. Kulo ukuba sincedwa pseudopodia, misila okanye isiliya. A isici esasenza eziphilayo na phagocytosis - ukukwazi ukufaka eziqinileyo nezicola kubo. Bambi wayenokwenza photosynthesis.

Indlela ukwandisa single-ezineseli?

Elibangela inokufunyanwa yonke - emanzini acocekileyo, umhlaba okanye elwandle. A iqondo eliphezulu ukusinda inika ubuchule encysted. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, umzimba lungena ngokukhululekileyo Isigaba yokuphumla le, ugqunywe esingxotyeni salo ashinyeneyo zokhuselo. Ukudala cysts negalelo ukuze sisinde nje kuphela, kodwa ukusasaza - ukuze umzimba ukwazi ukuba kukho imeko-bume ngakumbi, apho ukufumana ukutya kunye nethuba lokuba ukuzala. Umzimba lwenziwa nje kutshanje ngoncedo kwisahlulo ezimbini entsha ye cell. Abanye nabo buya kwazi ukuzala, kukho iintlobo ezidibanisa zombini iinketho.

amoeba

Kufuneka dwelisa izinto zixhaphakileyo. I elula unxulunyaniswa nale mbono - kunye ziiamoeba. Abanalo imilo umzimba esisigxina, unyawo lobuxoki esetyenziselwa ukuhamba. Kwakhona amoeba sitsala ukutya - ulele, iintsholongwane okanye ezinye lenyama. Pseudopodia zilurhangqile, umzimba eyenza a vacuole yokwetyisa. All of yavelisa izinto zikhutshelwa kukho icytoplasm, kwaye undigested ilahlwe phandle. Ukuphefumla amoeba owenza umzimba uphela nge kwe-. Amanzi agqithisileyo ukusuka omzimba asuka vacuole contractile. inkqubo phindo lwenzeka ngokwahlula undoqo, emva koko omnye iiseli ezimbini zifunyenwe. Ziiamoeba ngayo amanzi. Elibangela nazo ebantwini kunye nezilwanyana, apho kunokwenzeka kunokukhokelela nezahlukahlukeneyo izifo okanye ukwehlisa imeko ngokubanzi.

euglena oluhlaza

Enye into ephilayo, yathunyelwa amanzi acocekileyo, nayo inxulumene elula. In Euglena green umzimba yokuluka ezimilise, ngomaleko ashinyeneyo ongaphandle kukho icytoplasm. Isiphelo phambi umzimba kukho yomsila elide, ngalo umzimba ihambisa. Xa kukho icytoplasm kukho ezinye chromatophores okweqanda, nto leyo yiklorofili. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukukhanya kuxhaswa euglena autotrophic - nako ke zonke izinto. Elibangela zikhokelwa ngoncedo lweliso. Ukuba euglena elapho ebumnyameni, ngokuba yiklorofili liyalahleka kunye ephilayo ongena inkqubo heterotrophic zonikezelo kunye nokufunxwa organic zingangeni emanzini. Kanye amoeba, lenyama, aba ziyazala ngokwahlula, uphefumlele wonke.

Volvox

Phakathi kwiseli kunye bobukoloniyali kwenzeka. Nje owawunesihloko Volvox ubomi ngaloo ndlela. Zinelungelo imilo ungqukuva nomzimba gelatinous, lisekwa amalungu ngamanye koloni. Volvox nganye misila ezimbini. Intshukumo ezinxityelelanisiweyo zonke iiseli eqhele ukuhamba esithubeni. Abanye babo bakwazi nokuzala. Ngoko kukho nkampani Volvox koloni. Xa isakhiwo esifanayo, kwakunye nezityalo ezahlukeneyo, eyaziwa ngokuba Chlamydomonas.

Ciliate-Slipper

Le yenye mmi eliqhelekileyo amanzi acocekileyo. ciliates ebizwa zinyanzelekile ukuba zenze iiseli zabo, efana isihlangu. Organelles asetyenziswa intshukumo, ebizwa isiliya. Umzimba imilo rhoqo kunye iqokobhe exineneyo umphakathi ezimbini, incinci kunye, inkulu. Into yokuqala ekufuneka kuzala, kwaye ulawulo yesibini zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo. Njengokuba amandla infusorian isebenzisa iintsholongwane, ulele kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo olunye-ezineseli. Elibangela badla ukudala vacuole zokwetyisa izihlangu oko kwindawo ethile emlonyeni. Ukususa iintsalela undigested poroshitsa langoku, ukhetho yenziwa usebenzisa vacuoles contractile. Kuba ciliates luphawulwa ukuzala maqanda, kodwa kufuneka sikhatshwe ezitshatileyo ezimbini ngotshintshiselwano ngezixhobo zenyukliya. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba conjugation. Kuzo zonke emanzini lenyama ciliate-Slipper yeyona entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwisakhiwo sabo.

Kweseli ngomhlaba olwandle

Ukongeza kubemi amanzi kwidama, kwaye kufuneka badwelise ezinye elibangela. Ngoko, kwi zaselwandle eziphilayo radiolarians kunye foraminifera kakhulu. Dead simzimba zezimbiwa opals kuqala nejeyidi. Foraminifers yohlulwe ubukho njengentlabathi iqokobhe okanye calcium, yaye emva uhlobo kokufa lime okanye wokulinganisa. Ke kaloku abo nabanye ziyinxalenye ezincinane. Umhlaba nayo ekhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo lenyama. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa kwilizwe elitsha. Ukongeza, eziphilayo ukuze ukungcola. Yenza ukuba izifo eziyingozi zabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Eyona idumileyo Plasmodium falciparum, leyo elihlala kwindawo igazi lomntu. Segazi amoeba uphazamise Amathumbu amakhulu. Trypanosomes kwasasazeka ilele ukugula.