Imozulu le Arctic: iimpawu, iimpawu kunye naphaya abantu

sezulu Arctic - uhlobo ezithile iimeko zemozulu, engqamana omnye imozulu yahluke-langa. ISipro ngakumbi North Pole. Olu hlobo utshintsho phakathi iimeko zemozulu eliphakathi kubanda Arctic nethandwa. kwemozulu Arctic dominates kumntla ikhweyitha, yaye uMzantsi kwi ngama elifanayo sub-Antarctic.

Wachaza isebenza ibhanti ecaleni kumantla Canada, Alaska Peninsula, emdeni ngasezantsi eGreenland, kwiindawo ezisemantla ka-Iceland, i yaseScandinavia Peninsula, kwiMpuma Ekude kunye eSiberia.

Iimpawu sezulu

• imozulu Arctic inomsebenzisi esasenza it ntolovelo yayo emide kunye ehlotyeni elifutshane (ngamanye amaxesha esikolweni ngokupheleleyo).
• Ukubusa iinkanyamba kulo nyaka (i-Arctic, eSiberia kunye nobusika North American, rhoqo ukubuyisela enye).
• Iqondo lobushushu liphezulu enyangeni zikhuthazayo yi +15 ° C.
• Kuwo wonke unyaka, kuneqabaka kunokwenzeka. Ebusika, ithemometha ikakhulu ubonisa -5 ° C kwi ziqithi ne 40 ° C kwi nezwe.
• Umoya kubushushu obuphantsi akukho okroqiweyo ngamanzi, apho imvula kommandla imozulu mncinane kakhulu. Baya kuwa kakhulu ehlotyeni. Noko ke, ngenxa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kwemvula nangoku lingaphezulu komphunga, yaye oku kuchaphazela mmandla amanzi.
• Ebusika, xa ipali eze arctic khona umoya kwehlisa lobushushu. amazwekazi ngenaniwakrukrile, oko unako ukufikelela -60 ° C.
• uphawu-avareji ngaphandle lobushushu kuyahlukana nedlela izowuni zendalo kunye nomgama ukusuka ulwandle: phantse i zehlobo kumathafa kungenzeki, ubushushu ngoJulayi akusekho +12 ° C, kunye ntolovelo frosty elide, imvula - mm ngaphantsi kwe 300; kummandla hlathi na imvula ukunyuka ukuya 400 mm / nyaka, zingenakubonwa zibonwa kakuhle, nangona ixesha elifutshane elide, kodwa ehlotyeni.
• Ubusuku polar kunye nobude elisezantsi ilanga emini enkulu inikwa kwi kummandla eseleyo radiation ezimbi, ethi ichaphazele abandayo rhoqo elo naphantsi. Nokuba imozulu ubamba ubushushu iintsuku ezimbalwa, umhlaba lisekhona akukho xesha ukuncokola nabo.

uhlobo

sezulu Arctic yohlulwe iintlobo eziphambili 4. Isibaluli umahluko Isalathisi umanzi ebandayo (Köppen ngezigaba):

• DWC - imozulu abandayo ngokulinganisela ebusika owomileyo;
• dwd - imozulu abandayo eyomileyo kunye kuneqabaka ukuya 40 ° C;
• dfc - imozulu abandayo ngokulinganisela ukufuma efanayo;
• dfd - imozulu abandayo ngokulinganisela amaqondo ezifudumeleyo ukuya ku + 20 ° C.

iimpawu

uhlobo sezulu Arctic kuye kwasekwa ibhanti eponymous yendalo geographical kunye neendawo zendalo eyetundra ihlathi emathafeni.

kwipali Cold (amaqondo obushushu asezantsi) ubhaliswe kwiRiphabliki Saha (Yakutia), in a. Oymyakon. Kukho sezulu Arctic yimbi kakhulu: iqondo lobushushu oluphantsi fixed kwi -71 ° C. Amaqondo obushushu ebusika Umyinge Oimyakon Valley - -50 ° C. Le ndawo ithathwa kummandla omiweyo yomntla planethi.

yokuphila kwabantu

Olu hlobo imozulu elingamncediyo ukuhlalwa ngabantu. Ezi imozulu kakhulu kangangokuba ukusinda kunzima ngokwaneleyo kule ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, ubomi ezi ndawo zikhona. Ngokwembali yabemi abantu bebeziqhelanisa yimiqathango uhlobo oluthile zemozulu (ecotypes). Enye yezona luhlobo Arctic encomekayo. Le inani ehlala phakathi Arctic kunye nemozulu Arctic.

Ukuba abantu abahlala ngokusisigxina Arctic akakwazi, ngoko ubomi Arctic kunokwenzeka. Inye kuphela Qaphela: awohluke yayo. Lithathelwe abantu imozulu Arctic, kuthatha kakhulu elide kunye nzima. Kummandla permafrost kunye nomhlaba ekhenkcezisiweyo kunzima ukuba ukwakha indlu, ingakumbi ezidolophini.

Xa umntu sezulu kungaba yingozi enkulu: isigxina kuneqabaka ebandayo yasebusika kwaye umzimba phantsi umkhuhlane rhoqo kunye nezinye izifo wentsholongwane egazini, kunye namathuba elide lobusuku polar kuchaphazela kakubi i-luvo.

Yintoni egqibayo ubomi bomntu kwiimeko ezinjalo?

yokuphila kwabantu kwindawo Arctic kuxhomekeke kuhlobo: ehlotyeni elifutshane abantu babutha namaqunube, amakhowa kunye imifuno. Hlathi linezinto umdlalo kunye nezinye izilwanyana emanzini isityebi iintlanzi.

Iimpawu yemozulu sub-Arctic kwenza kucace ukuba ukulinywa kwezityalo kwiimeko ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha ukumkholisa, kodwa kwezinye iimeko - ukudanisa. isixa ukutya ayikho into rhoqo, isivuno osisityebi kwehlobo uya kutshintshwa ebusika ezinqinileyo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngaphakathi kwimida ibhanti Arctic zange imizi-mveliso omkhulu, abantu abahlala ezilalini embalwa, nto leyo ukuzondla ngokwabo.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, rhoqo abantu umngeni indalo, yaye oko azinakwenzeka ngaphambili, ngoku ekubeni yimpumelelo. ubugcisa High zinceda ukusombulula le ngxaki kunye ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ezifanelekileyo abahlala kule mimandla ngqwabalala, kwaye kungenzeka zothutho olungxamisekileyo inika abantu kude lasentla iimveliso ukuba eziphelayo (iziqhamo, imifuno).

Kufuneka imizekelo lithathelwe yabantu nemozulu Arctic? Abantu abahlala kulo mmandla, kunyanzeleke ukuba avelise ukutya kwabo baza kuthenga abangenazimpahla zifudumeleyo. Chukchi kunye Nenets zizinto ezivela iimfele adle kunye oboya. Ethatha inxaxheba ngokuzingela nokuloba ukuzondla ngokwabo.

Kule ndawo na iziqithi kumazantsi besive kuLwandle Barents, ezinye iindawo laseRashiya: Western eSiberia, kumntla-mpuma kunye East yaseYurophu Plain.