Zambezi (umlambo e-Afrika) oluvela apho ayajika? Zambezi: umthombo, ubude, imaphu indawo photo

E Central Afrika, kwakunye kwi kwinxalenye esemantla lizwekazi, oko inayo indawo yayo eyodwa, ezintle yaye zinzulu kakhulu umdla - i Zambezi. Umlambo zivela Zambia ohambe uyekugcinwe amagunya Angola, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe kunye Zambia. EMozambique, lo ichweba Zambezi ungena kulo Indian Ocean. Nokuqukuqela yalo mlambo nokutsala inkulu Afrika - i-Victoria Falls.

Kuba emlanjeni. indawo ephezulu

Umthombo iZambezi River kumntla-ntshona inxalenye Ethiopia, engqongwe imigxobhozo abamnyama. Ukuphakama apha ilingana mitha enye enesiqingatha. Kancinane ngaphezu umthombo ime intaba ithambeka bekuza ukuhlukana umgca ocacileyo phakathi amadike ezimbini imijelo yamanzi - Congo ne Zambezi. Umfula ugeleza kwelasezantsi-ntshona, yaye malunga ne-240 km kuyo mandiqale ukuba bawele nemingenela. Ngesinye kwamathambeka komlambo iba engxangxasi encinci Chavama. Oku kwenza ukuba angakulungeli ukuthunyelwa. Phezu km yayo yokuqala 350, malunga Victoria Falls, indawo apho amanzi abaleke, lumalunga efanayo. Uyi-ezimbalwa amaxesha itshintsha kwawo ukusuka ezantsi ukuya ngasempuma, kodwa ke ezi utshintsho zingabalulekanga. Kule ndawo apho ingxangxasi iphela i Zambezi eliphezulu. A umlambo kumbindi Afrika Victoria Falls uzisa kakhulu amanzi alo, ukwakha kule emangalisayo ndawo, apho sinandipha amawaka ezigidi zabakhenkethi kuza.

Indawo ephakathi komlambo

Victoria Falls ithathwa umda hlula phakathi komlambo imvelaphi yawo ephakathi. Ukususela kulo, isiteshi sele ithunyelwe empumalanga ngqo apho teka phakathi kweenduli. Ubude yale yinxalenye dama kweemitha 300. Kwakhona qaphela ukuba umthombo iZambezi River, apho thina zikhankanywe ngasentla, engqongwe ematyholweni, Amathafa kunye namatye kwesanti-udongwe. Apha, ukuhamba kwamanzi ecaleni abangelwe zibe iinduli eliweni encinane, ekukhuseleni amanzi omlambo. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo inxalenye phakathi ichibi ithathwa Caribbean (eyaziwa ngokuba Lake neKariba). Le yenye amachibi inkulu ngumntu ehlabathini. Lasekwa ngo kwinkulungwane yama-20, emva kokuba ifike embindini Zambezi wakha edamini igama elifanayo. Ukususela ngoko kude kube ngoku, i neKariba isikhululo ngamanzi ivumela bonke abahlali yommandla kwindawo ukusebenzisa umbane. Kwakhona ngexesha eliphakathi sidibana nemingenela ezimbini ezinkulu - i Kafue kunye Luangwa, ziza kungena Zambezi. River umbulelo kubo kuba ngokubanzi nemibuzo. Ngoko ke, kancinane emazantsi kulo ukwakha enye idama - Cabora Bassa. Ngelo xesha, inxalenye phakathi Zambezi uphela.

Lower channel wamanzi

Zambezi, ukunqumla idama Cabora Bassa, ise amanzi ayo ukuya ngasentshona. Ubude inxalenye yokugqibela kunawo kuthelekiswa engaphambili, eyile 650 km. Le sayithi sele ezifanelekileyo kwiinqanawa, kodwa kukho amaxesha amaninzi kwafunyanwa bedinga. Isibakala sokuba le ndawo apho ukuhamba kwamanzi, yintlambo ngokubanzi, kwaye baba phezu kwayo nje saa, kusekwe umlambo ngokubanzi, kodwa hayi nzulu kakhulu. It uncipha isitishi kuphela xa Lupato udlula le olulodwa. Apha ububanzi meters 200 kuphela, lo gama zonke ezinye iindawo lo mfula ngokoqobo saa ukuya leekhilomitha 5-8. Kumgama 160 km ukusuka iZambezi ukuya olwandle kokuba bawela. Shire. Ngenxa kule oku abangelwa amanzi alo, yaye amanzi Lake Malawi. Emva koko ubuhle yethu yahlulwe misele ezininzi ezincinci, wokusungula Delta. Kufuphi nonxweme i-Indian Ocean iZambezi River kwi mephu ikhangeleka ngathi izingxobo olunxantathu, oludityaniswe amanzi amakhulu.

nemingenela umfula

Le emfuleni ithathwa yelizwekazi inkulu yesine phakathi kwakhe "bazalwana." The Zambezi River Afrika zange abazizityebi ngoko, ukuba abaninzi nemingenela yawo ahanjiswayo anqumla ikhosi nechibi yayo channels. Kulungile, khangela ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi. Kwemithambo lokuqala kunye ibalulekileyo bondle umlambo zolwelo ithathwa umlambo Kapombo. It esuka nasezindulini, apho kufuphi enye kwenye imvelaphi of the Congo kunye Zambezi. Esifubeni yokuqala isifundo sethu lwesifundo, apho ulwalathiso batshintshwa ukusuka ngasentshonalanga ukuya empumalanga, unqumle i Kwando - ngokupheleleyo-elibaleka kakhulu emlanjeni. Xa sifika embindini Zambezi kunye Kafue kwalusa amanzi Langi. Ngezantsi, sidibana omnye uviko ebaluleke kakhulu - Luangwa. na Akunamsebenzi sindise nje amanzi zabo Zambezi, kodwa wadibana ne-Malawi edikeni apho, ngoko ke ivela ibe olubanzi kakhulu enzulu. Kwinxalenye esezantsi amanzi ukugeleza komfula feed uviko Sanyati, Shangani kunye Hanyang.

Imbali kunye nophando ichibi

Abantu babe nolwazi kule ndawo geographical yayifikelela umva njengoko Ages Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba olu lwazi yayisekelwe yeziKronike Arab kunye namaxwebhu. Ngoko ke, i iZambezi River ngomhla imephu Afrika wabonakala 1300s ezikude, kodwa yena kuphela, njengoko nisazi, kuphela izikhakhamela. ukufunda ebanzi yamanzi Afrika kwaqala kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Umntu wokuqala arhola ingqalelo emlanjeni ukusuka kwindawo umbono lwenzululwazi, yajika uDavide Livingstone. Yena wadada usuka Lake Malawi kunye nesiphelo kunye Victoria Falls. Endleleni, ndafumana ezininzi nemingenela eyaziwa ngoku, wabanika amagama abo. Kude kuye ekupheleni kwenkulungwane, emlanjeni yaye zonke izinto ezisecaleni yayingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo ngabantu baseYurophu, kwaye yonke idatha ngokuchanekileyo kwimephu yehlabathi.

umhlaba fish

Uninzi iintlanzi zifumaneka amanzi Zambezi - umkhuba. Zonke iintlobo zazo zifumaneka kuphela kule ndawo. Kwaye nokuba ezininzi amagama ukuba bhala apha ngezantsi, uya kubonakala eziqhelekileyo, ngoko qiniseka, ukuba eneneni lo uhlala lwamanzi akayi kukhangela na indlela baqhele nanko na. Cya Apha okhethekileyo, nto leyo yenza ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo ukuphuhlisa kungekhona eYurophu okanye eMelika. Ngoko ke apha kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo cichlids, catfish, catfish kunye tigerfish. bemi ethandwayo kakhulu asezantsi ijelo lomlambo kukho ukrebe yenkomo okanye ngenkunzi kookrebe. Senzeka emanzini onxweme le Indian Ocean, kwaye Zatoka Zambezi.

kulona

Ngokusekelwe izinto zangaphambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni apho iZambezi ukusuka kwindawo obume ngayo. Le umbindi kwilizwekazi le-Afrika, ummandla yetropika ommandla ubushushu obungunaphakade, isanti kunye Amathafa. Kungenxa Zambezi kwemali yomhlaba enjalo, nto leyo idala ngeenxa zonke kuyo kunye izilwanyana esihambelanayo. Apha ifumaneka iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo neengwenya. Ngokwale uphawu umlambo kube lula xa kuthelekiswa ne-umNayile. Kunye nabo kukho ngaphezu malovane ezincinane ndyoka (ingakumbi kummandla umthombo, apho imigxobhozo amaninzi). Kumhlaba kubakho iindlovu, neqwarha, iinkunzi ezintsha zeenkomo, iingonyama, buffaloes - ngokufutshane, a safari abaNtsundu. Iintaka esibhakabhakeni phezu Zambezi, yeha, hayi kangako. Kukho namacikilishe eziphaphazelayo, pelicans, okhozi,-Afrika, kwaye ukubethwa ngumoya ecaleni lomlambo iibhanki egrets.

"Iintlanzi" uqoqosho

Ungabona nje ngokujonga photo: umlambo Zambezi yi kakhulu zinzulu, ebanzi, ninendyebo izilwanyana kunye nezityalo, njengoko ikhonkco elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwamazwe bonke kabani indawo elenzeka kuyo ibali. Ngaphandle kokuba apho eyakhelwe zityalo amabini amakhulu ombane, nto leyo ukondla umbane yonke imimandla yelo lizwe kunye mzi, kukho kwakhona iqela kwishishini lokuloba ochumayo. Abahlali ezixeko, ngubani wakhulela kweenxweme Zambezi, banokuba izipho amanzi alo simahla, ukondla iintsapho zabo. Iindwendwe ezivela zokuhlala ezininzi kude ngayo irhafu kuba ngumlobi apha. Uninzi kweenxweme Zambezi ziqwetyelwe lokuloba kwezemidlalo. Abantu apha ngenxa ukuzonwabisa kunye neentlobo ezinqabileyo abantu zeentlanzi ehlabathini lonke. Kwakhona ukusuka catch isitya lweentlobo ezininzi ezisoloko zikho benzela umhombiso nayiphi akwariyam.

iimeko eziphilayo

Mhlawumbi inkcazelo eziphilayo iZambezi siza kuqala neengxaki zalo, njengoko eneneni wanda. Zonke amashwa siyifumana yokuba apha khupha eziveliswe amanzi amdaka, yaye hayi izibonelelo ezizodwa unyango, yaye ngqo. Amdaka avela iindawo kumazibuko, izindlu abangatshatanga amancinci kunye nezinye izinto amanzi nje emlanjeni. Oku kubangela kuphela ungcoliseko lwamanzi, kodwa yenza izifo ezifana necesina, kholera, segazi, kunye nezinye izifo, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kakhulu. iingxaki Big nazo ziye zavela emva kokwakhiwa Cabora Bassa isikhululo samandla ngamanzi. yazala le ichibi lokwenziwa ngenxa yeemvula nje lonyaka omnye, lo gama abasemagunyeni izicwangciso ukuba uya kuzaliswa ngokuthe ngcembe kweminyaka emininzi. Ngenxa kabukhali ukuncipha nitrate, kwabangela ukwehla kule ndawo imangrove ngeenxa emanzini. It uyoyika kwaye nezilwanyana ngaphambili wahlala phezu kweendonga omlambo. Of amanzi ahamba ezininzi izinto umkhondo luncedo, kwanciphisa inani iintlobo iintlanzi babehlala apha.

isimo traffic

Ngokubanzi, ubude iZambezi River yi 2574 km, kuthathelwa ingqalelo zonke bend zayo nitshintshane. Oku kwenza elinye amanzi likhulu e-Afrika, kodwa lo nto ayithethi ukuba yinto umthambo yothutho ifanelekileyo mmandla. Sele ekhankanywe ukuba esililini lomlambo kudla otshintsha ndlela yakhe, yaye ngokubaluleke, yena uya kuba ububanzi bayo, ubunzulu, kunye nakwezinye iimo ezalathayo. Xihinga engundoqo yokukhangela kukho amachibi ngumntu, amadama kunye neengxangxasi ahanjiswayo anqumla wakhe. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi zothutho badla abaninzi, sibulelwe nengxenye ngabanye kweli dama, iyenziwa. Umzekelo, iinqanawa badla angaludlulisa emazantsi Zambezi, eziqulathe zombini abakhweli kunye umthwalo. Oluphakathi kunye eliphezulu yinxalenye komlambo isetyenziswa ikakhulu balapha. Iindlela ezingqongileyo imfiliba ngenxa xenga lomhlaba zasekuhlaleni, yaye isikhephe ukusuka zokuhlala enye ukuya kwenye lula.

Bridges ngaphesheya Zambezi

Esesine lawona lokuhamba kwamanzi yayo Afrika zomnqamlezo kwo ezintlanu kuphela. ukwakhiwa kwayo yaqala kwinkulungwane yama-20, yaye usaqhubeka, nangona iiprojekthi ezininzi sele ziphunyezwe. Le yokuqala yakhiwa ngo-1905 kwidolophu Victoria Falls. Liphuma ngaphezu kwamanzi kwi neemitha 125, ububanzi balo kweemitha ezili-150, kwaye ubude - iimitha ezingama-250. Ukususela ngoko, oko ngokutsha, kodwa hayi ngokupheleleyo zakhiwe. ekuqaleni kwacetywa njengenxalenye kaloliwe, eya kusolula ukusuka eKapa ukuya eCairo. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1939, ibhulorho kwakhiwa e Chirundu (eZambia), nto leyo yaphinda yakhiwa ngo-2003, yaye 60s kwakukho iibhlorho emizini Tete kunye Chinvingi. Kwiminyaka kamva, oko kukuthi ngowe-2004, yagqitywa ukwakhiwa yokugqibela, ibhulorho yesihlanu phezu Zambezi. Isebenza phakathi kwiidolophu Sesheke (Zambia) kunye Katima Mulilo (Namibia).

Iidolophu needolophana ezingqonge umlambo

Siye kwakhona apho uvela Zambezi River, apho ayajika, kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye amanzi kubhaliwe bawela ebudeni ukuhamba. Ngoku baba ngesihloko zokuhlala Ugu. Okokuqala, lo mlambo udlula ukuba ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, kumazwe amathandathu. Phakathi kwabo kuthiwa Angola, Namibia, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe naseBotswana. Kodwa emizini ukuba ibekwe phezu kweendonga zayo, kukho ngaphezulu. We zibhale ngokufutshane: Lacalle, neKariba, Mongu, Tete, Songo, Lila, Livingstone, Sesheke kunye Katima Mulilo. Zonke zokuhlala zizinto ezikhoyo ezincinane kakhulu neAfrika. yezigidi kuphela 32 abantu abahlala kuloo ntlambo. Abaninzi babo ubomi emaphandleni, isiqulatho edada amabala zasekuhlaleni kunye nokungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo imfuyo. isixeko Local imali kakhulu kukhenketho, kodwa ushishino apha zange ziphuhliswe ngokufanelekileyo. Abaninzi kubo bantu Rybolovlev nabo olunempumelelo ngaphandle kwemvume.