Umzobo wocuba weetamatisi. Indlela yokujongana nale ngxaki?

Ngokuqinisekileyo baninzi balabo abanomyezo wabo, nangona ngelinye ilanga bekufuneka babone imiphumo, ekhokelela kwintsholongwane ye-tobacco mosaic. Kule nqaku uza kufunda indlela yokukhusela ukubonakala kwesi sifo kwiitamatati.

Inkcazo yeNgxelo emfutshane

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala esi sifo sabhalwa ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX kwinkqubo yokukhula icuba. Kwihlathi elikhulelwe kwakukho amanqaku aqabileyo. Emva kwexesha, waqala ukulahlekelwa nguhlobo kwaye ekugqibeleni wafa. Emva koko, eso sifo sagqithisa kancane kwizityalo ezingumakhelwane kwaye emva kwexesha elifutshane, yonke indawo yayingakufanelekanga ukulima.

Indlela kuphela yokufumana umzabalazo ngelo xesha yayikutshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo imbewu yegciwane. Amanyathelo anjalo avumela ukugcina izityalo ezisele. Kwiminyaka emininzi emva kokufunyanwa kwesi sifo, uDkt. Ivanovsky wakwazi ukuchonga imbangela yayo. Kwakuyintsholongwane yomgubo wengqumbo.

Inkqubo yophuhliso kunye ne-biology

I-agent causative yale sifo ibonakaliswa ngokuchasene nezinto zangaphandle. Kucaciswe ukuba intsholongwane iyakwazi ukuphikelela nakwiimeko zokushisa okuphakamileyo.

Umzobo wocuba uchaphazela ngokupheleleyo izicubu zezityalo kwiqondo leselula. Isizathu sokwenzeka kwayo kukungqubana kwe-chlorophyll kunye nomonakalo kwi-chloroplast. Njengoko iiplastidi zidibanisa, amanqanaba e-carbohydrate ayancipha. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokwanda kweendawo ezithile zeethambo zivuliwe. I-agent engabangela isifo sesifo sesifo se-Solanum 1, i-virus kaCummis 2 kunye neNicotina virus 1.

Izimpawu eziphambili

Ekuqaleni, amaqabunga apho i-mosaic ebonakalayo ibonakala ibonakala ihamba. Umbala weendawo ziyahluka. Ziyimhlophe, ziluhlaza okomhlaza okanye ziphuzi eziluhlaza. Kancinci, amaqabunga aqala ukuphazamisa aze ahlambe, athole i-filiform okanye i-fern-like shape.

Ukongezelela, i-mosaic ye-taxi ikhokelela ekutshiseni nokuveliswa kweziqhamo. Ukukhula kunye nokukhula kwesityalo esinokusuleleka kuyancipha. Ngenxa yokuphulwa kwamanzi emitha, amaqabunga kunye neziqu zomile. Iyokuqala yokufa yimihluma encinane. Isiqhamo esonakalisiweyo sihlanganiswe ngamanqaku amdaka kwaye siqala ukubola.

Usulelo luvela njani?

Umzobo wocuba weetamatisi ungadluliselwa ngenxa yokuqhagamshelana neenkcubeko ezikhuselwe okanye ezinomonakalo owenziwe ngexesha lokucubungula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, usulelo luya kwenzeka ngexesha lokudilika kwezithombo ezininzi.

Kwakhona, i-mosaic ye-taxi isasazwa ngabantu abathwala izinto ezifana ne-bugs, aphids kunye nezinye iinambuzane. Intsholongwane inokudluliselwa ngembewu kunye neziqhamo eziphathwe zizilwanyana kunye neentaka. I-hotbed enkulu yentsholongwane ngumhlaba, ephantsi kweengcambu zeetamatato ezigulayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba isityalo esele sihlala kuso. Ngokukhawuleza ivelisa i-mosaic kwiimeko eziphakamileyo. Kuye kwaqulunqwa ukuba ama-raindrops aphuma kumagqabi ezityalo ezithelelekileyo angaba vector yesifo.

Umzobo wecuba: unyango kunye nokuthintela

Olu sulelo lunokutshabalalisa malunga ne-20% yesityalo sonke. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kulwa. Ukukhusela izityalo zazo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izinto ezizodwa zokutyala. Imbewu, ibhokisi kunye nezinye izixhobo zegadi kufuneka ziphathwe ngesisombululo se- 5% se-potassium permanganate. Ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kufuneka kwenziwe ngeentsuku ezine ezilandelelanayo.

Ukuthintela ukungcola kwexesha elizayo, amanyathelo okukhusela akufanele athathwe. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukugoma izitamatisi ngokuxhatshaza. Xa utyala izityalo kwindawo yokuluhlaza, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela afanelekileyo. Ukunciphisa imbewu, kunconywa ukuba ngaphambili begcinwe kwisisombululo se-20% se-hydrochloric acid kwaye bahlanjululwe kakuhle phantsi komlambo wamanzi ahlambulukileyo. Kwakhona, umhlaba kufuneka utyilwe ngamanzi abilayo ezimbini okanye ezintathu iiyure.

Ubuncinane kanye ngeveki, izithombo zinconywa ukuba zicutshungulwe ngobisi zihlanjululwe ngamanzi aqhelekileyo kumlinganiselo we-1:10. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kubalulekile ukwenza ukutshintshwa kwendawo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwi-greenhouse, ukususa kuyo isalathisi sesentimitha kunye kunye nesityalo.

Kwiveki enye ngaphambi kokungena kwihlabathi kunye neentsuku ezilishumi elinesine emva kwayo, izithombo kufuneka zifefe nge-1% isisombululo se-boric acid. Ndiyabulela kule nto, iya kuba yinkinga kakhulu kwiintsholongwane. Musa ukuhoxisa kunye nemilinganiselo ejoliswe kukutshatyalaliswa kwezinambuzane, ezinokuthi zibe ngabaphathi bee-causative ze-mosaic. Kwakhona, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukusabalala kwentyatyambo yomculo wengcawa, iingcali zincoma ukucwangciswa kweendawo zokugcina izityalo, ukuqokelela nokutshisa amaqabunga ekwindla kunye neengcambu zezityalo endala.