Uncwadi Japanese. History of uphuhliso

uncwadi Japanese iye khona iminyaka engaphezu kwewaka. Ngeli xesha, ngokuphindaphindiweyo lilimbi kwakukho iindlela ezintsha, imikhwa, iintsingiselo yokuluka. Abanye imveliso engaziwa yaba Classic ekhawulezileyo, kwaye bethembisa ncwadi ezilahlekileyo ukufaneleka kwayo isibini amashumi eminyaka. Ufuna ukuba bafunde uncwadi Japanese ngokweenkcukacha? amahla nezimbi? Funda eli nqaku!

ncwadi yamandulo

Ekuqaleni, iintsomi Japanese kunye iingoma zaye zasasazwa, leyo yadluliselwa ngomlomo. Noko ke, kufutshane kwinkulungwane VII, yonke into yatshintsha. UMlawuli Tendzi kusekwa izikolo eziphakamileyo apho ukufunda Chinese. Kungekudala, uyaboleka enyusa abalinganiswa Chinese nakala abhalwe Japanese. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuqalekeni leminyaka VII ngenkuthalo ukujikelezisa ebhaliweyo. Ngenxa yoko, siye saqalisa ukuvela zesikhumbuzo uncwadi Japanese.

Umsebenzi wokuqala Japanese ukuba lifikelele amaxesha zethu, umlando othi "Kojiki". Ibhalwe Yasumaro It is 712. Le ncwadi eziqulathwe ezahlukeneyo iintsomi iingoma thaca, iintsomi, iintsomi, amabali, njalo njalo. D. Ukongeza, imveliso nayo ixabiso zembali. Eneneni, kwi "Kojiki" umbhali washiya ezithile zezembali iintsomi yeziKronike irekhodi.

Omnye umzekelo uncwadi mandulo Japanese "Man'yoshu". Le ncwadi yingqokelela enkulu yesihobe, eziquka ngaphezu kwama 4,000 iintsomi kunye nombhali itanki-imibongo.

zakudala

Inqanaba elilandelayo uncwadi Japanese njengoko Classic. Wawuqala VIII ukuya XII cc. Yeyiphi into eqhelekileyo eli xesha? uncwadi Japanese sobufundisi ngamandla kunye Chinese. Uninzi abemi Japan ukufunda. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba uncwadi Japanese yasasazwa phakathi abasebukhosini izangqa kwinkundla ephakamileyo. Mhlawumbi iphambili yale xesha kukuba inkoliso yemisebenzi zabhalwa ngamabhinqa. Kungenxa yesi sizathu ukuba yoncwadi lwamandulo Japanese esilawulwa usapho kunye nezinye iinjongo ebuka.

Umzekelo phambili uncwadi eli xesha le "Ibali of a Otikubo amahle". Le ncwadi ibalisa ibali lobomi Cinderella Japanese, nto leyo zazikhona kwi komorke encinane imbeko kunye namasiko wookhokho babo, imigaqo yokuziphatha. Ngenxa yokuziphatha yayo ephezulu wakwazi aqanduselwe of amadlavu ngokobutyebi, eneneni uthando kunye nene lwakhe amanene kunye esisityebi.

Ukuba sithethe orientation uhlobo, le ncwadi iye basuka kude lwemveli. Endaweni yeentsomi iintsomi eze iintlobo eph .. Iinoveli, novellas, amabali amafutshane, njalo njalo, inoveli yokuqala Japanese osihloko sithi "The Tale of the Bamboo mgawuli" wada waphuma kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Isixelela ngendlela mgawuli ubudala, wadibana intombazana encinane wayengumhlali kwenyanga.

weencwadi zakudala

Eli xesha ngangosuku zoncwadi kunye XII ukuya kwinkulungwane XVII. Amandla kweli lizwe litshintshile kakhulu. Endaweni Mikado, ezibe yengqondo kakhulu elite lizwe, kuba iklasi emkhosini, ebizwa Shogun.

umsebenzi yoncwadi eli lizwe waqalisa ukuba lehle. Iintlobo ezifana kwinoveli kunye nemibongo Japanese zibonakele zisabonakala. ithandwa enkulu Ndandikuvuyela memoirs kwiincwadi ezibalaseleyo emkhosini kunye nembali. Ngokubanzi, uncwadi Japanese iye ndikhohlakele ngakumbi wamagazi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba abasetyhini ababhali abaligwebi inxaxheba kumaxesha inkqubo boncwadi eJapan.

"Genpey Dzosuyki" ngummeli eliphambili weencwadi zakudala Japanese. iintetho Artwork malunga amahla ndinyuka yeentlobo ezimbini imvelaphi yeengcungcu - Genji kunye UHeike. Book of umoya embhoxo umlando kaShakespeare. Ngokuba imisebenzi luphawulwa amadabi ugonyamelo zobugorha, interweaving inyaniso yembali kunye zamabali, kwiimfanta umbhali nokuqiqa.

Literature Japanese Modern

Emva kokuwa shoguns ukuba amandla waphinda wabuyela umlawuli. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela ixesha elitsha kwiincwadi Japanese, olwaqhubeka kwaze kwinkulungwane XX phakathi. Kwilizwe LaseJapan luye luvuleleka enye ehlabathini. Kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba ibe ngumba ophambili kuphuhliso loncwadi. Eyona uphawu eli xesha - impembelelo esebenzayo iingcamango yaseYurophu kunye neentshukumo.

Okokuqala, ngokuphawulekayo landa inani iinguqulelo European (kubandakanywa Russian) uncwadi. Abantu bafuna ukwazi malunga inkcubeko yalapha. Kamva, le yaseJapan yaqala ukubonakala imisebenzi yokuqala abhalwe style yaseYurophu. Umzekelo, iincwadi ezifana "intsika lomlilo", "Uthando Confession noonongendi ezimbini," "ibali ezintlanu-Pagoda," kude kude ezakudala Japanese. Kule misebenzi ezityaliweyo ngokubonakalayo ideology yaseYurophu kunye nendlela yokuphila.

ngemva kwempi

Le ukoyiswa kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II bachaphazeleka kakhulu inkcubeko Japanese lonke kunye nobomi babantu xa bebonke. Tshintsha ayikho wasindisa kunye noncwadi. ababhali Japanese ziye ngokutyalwa ukungabi olutsha oluhlanganisa zombini nezithethe ezindala kunye nedemokhrasi kule mihla ( "Eliwaka cranes" Yasunari Kawabata "Ikhephu omhle" Dzyunitiro Tanidzaki).

uncwadi Japanese. shiku

ingqalelo eyodwa bafanelwe imisebenzi Japanese wemvelo lyrical. imibongo Japanese okanye shiku (shiku), ziye ithandwa phantse uncwadi lonke kwexesha. Le peculiarity kweemveliso ezinjalo kwi sakhiwo. Ngokutsho izimiso uhlobo, shiku iqulathe samalunga 17 ezakha kwalomu ka eyayimela. Eyinhloko le misebenzi - inkcazelo ubuhle bendalo okanye reflection bulumko. Le shiku idumileyo - it Takahama Kyoshi, Kobayashi Issa, Masaoka Shiki. Kaloku, uyise shiku ingabizwa Matsuo Basho.