Khumbula ezakudala. Ushwankathe- "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", lo mbongo, NV Gogol

realist Stern indlela ebalulekileyo, yaye omnye - oyinqaba, uHorace sekubonakala nangezilonda, imikhuba indleko yexesha lakhe, kunye zingcakacile, angena lyrics; ngokuthanda uhlanga, abantu kabuhlungu onothando Russian, i-Russian, kodwa ukugcina ubuhlobo obusenyongweni lwabo lweenkobe Little Russia, Ukraine ... Lo nto, uNikolay Vasilevich Gogol, omnye wababhali kakhulu umdla kwaye qembu lwe ngenkulungwane ye-19.

Lo mbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo"

Ke isishwankathelo. "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo", imisebenzi adumileyo Gogol, Ndibalise ngaloo kakhulu kunzima. It kakhulu zizele ingqiqo yentanda kunye nezentlalo-kokumgxeka. Kwaye ke lwesihloko ombambazelayo, zabo shrill, imvakalozwi esilusizi intliziyo akakwazi ukuchaza - Gogol ngomnye ababhali kufuneka ukufunda, njengoko bathi, kwindawo yokuqala. Kodwa ...

Ucoce isishwankathelo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" uya kuqalisa, Kakade ke, ukuba kutyelelo edumileyo elikomkhulu yephondo NN ezithile uMnu "laliphakathi nje": Musa obukhulu kakhulu kodwa nomzimba; nje abatsha, kodwa hayi ubudala, hayi eyinzwana kodwa hayi ndimbi. Kusebenza ophambili, uPavel Ivanovich Chichikov, njengomvavanyi Collegiate. Wafika apha kwimicimbi yabo, yoconjululwa kwesesikweni kwihotele apho igumbi ngalinye usebenzise amaphela olulingana uthene, waza waqalisa ukuthandabuza umnini malunga ngezinto ezenziwayo kummandla sixeko ejikeleze.

Ngaphezu koko, xa lo isishwankathelo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" kuquka ibali tyelelo Chichikov ukuba amagosa lesixeko. Gogol elinye okanye amagama amabini linika iilebhile iimpawu ngqo bonke ababusi bakhe, ukuzoba umfanekiso opheleleyo abapasa amasiko kunye nezenzo egqubayo NN. Kubonakala ukuba kukho ukunyoba achumayo, kabini-ekwenzeni kwabo, msebenzi, frank ukubiwa kweemali zikarhulumente, kunye nezinye ubugwenxa ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi abakhathalele Chichikov. Kufuneka bazi ukuba yintoni na kwabanini ezinkulu bahlala kwisithili, nokuba kukho isibetho kwicala labo, izifo kunye nezinye iintlekele. Namagosa Paul Ivanovich baziphethe kakuhle kakhulu, ngembeko, ngembeko. Yena lowo uthi kancinane, wathi nje ukuba ixhoba sikweni kwaye ufuna kweenkonzo kwezi ndawo ukuhlala ngoxolo. igosa nganye, uyakwazi ukufumana indlela isitshixo, ngokuba ifumene iindawo ngenkoliseko kunye ngezandla ezishushu.

Iyandoyisa ubabalo kunye nabanye abanini, aziyo mzi, waza wagqiba ekubeni kutyelela kunye nabahlobo abatsha. Kwaye ngoko isishwankathelo "Imiphefumlo Dead" - ibali uhambo hero ngayo zomthonyama eRashiya.

Yamahlwempu Russia ibangela Gogol kwaye bedidekile. Kwelinye icala, ububanzi esibhakabhakeni amabala ayo kusikhumbuza amandla ivamile kunye netalente nabantu Russian. Kungenjalo, ubuhlwempu kunye nendlala iilali phandle, ubumdaka anozizi intle umiselwe ukuya mood lusizi. Serfdom embi ngokwenene ebomini bakhe bemihla ngemihla.

Chichikov utyelela nitshintshane Manilow kwilifa, iibhokisi, Nozdryov kunye nezinye mhlaba. Zonke ubaphatha isicelo engaqhelekanga - ukuba athengise kuye abalimi abafileyo ngokungathi bayaphila. mhlaba nganye inayo, indlela yayo ngqo kwi sicelo. Ukuba Manilow eliqela bekumele kwaye unika Chichikov "umphefumlo", ngoko Boxes, Sobakevich, uEliya anayo ukubila baze bachithe imali ukuze bafumane loo nto bayifunayo. Kwaye Gogol kukho ithuba elihle lokubonisa i "ubuhle" yonke ubuso eyoyikekayo serfdom, ukungqina ukuba akukho abalimi abafileyo, kwaye ndiphile abaqeshisi kunye bureaucrats zezo "imiphefumlo abafileyo", "nebokoptitelyami" leyo, ezifana gazi eziqhotyoshelwe ngokwabo ukuze abantu baphile ukutya "juice" zakhe - zabasebenzi lwabantu.

benani Image eyakhelwe kumgaqo ukushiyana - ukusuka cloying Manilow, umntu "akukho okanye omnye", kuEliya - "angazikrazuli kuluntu".

Yena idlala indima ekhethekileyo kumbongo "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo" 11 entloko, isishwankathelo lwazo azezi ibali malunga nobomi Chichikov. Gogol uyasibonisa nje undoqo scam yakhe, kodwa iinkcukacha ithetha ebuntwaneni bakhe, iminyaka zesikolo kunye nolutsha. Amkhanuke "iipeni 'ukuba kwoqwebo ekuqaleni ngumhlwa wajika waba kokungeni, lilinono kwezinto umphefumlo wakhe, avezwe oya kunqumama izenzo kungekho ngokuziphatha abanganyanisekanga ukuze kufikelelwe inzuzo efunekayo kunye nenzuzo. Ngenxa kwinoveli "Imiphefumlo Abafileyo," isishwankathelo izahluko 11 ingaqatshelwa iziko yembono bezobugcisa umsebenzi.

Chichikov mbono akuphumelelanga. Endaweni yempumelelo ehexisayo kwakufuneka abalekele kweso sixeko. Kodwa hero angalahlekelwa intliziyo. "Intaka-bamaZwe lakhe iintlanga 'ngaphesheya babeziindleko of Russia njenge nxi engaphephekiyo, njengophawu kokuqala kwekhefu leminyaka - kwinkulungwane yongxowankulu, uburhamncwa, nokubola kwezimilo, ukuwa yokuziphatha. Ke yena Chichikov - iqhawe banamhlanje, ukuba nkulu, ukuba indawo yangoku udlala phandle abaqeshisi wobukhosi.