UNikolai Klyuev: bobuchule kunye biography

Ukuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20, okwabizwa ngokuba iSilver Age, waye zebhola iincwadi Russian. Kwakukho imiyalelo olutsha neentsingiselo, ababhali abangoyikiyo uvavanyo uthola iintlobo ezintsha kunye nemixholo. Enye yezi kwiimbongi yaba Klyuev uNikolay Alekseevich. Waphathwa novokrestyanskomu ulwalathiso enkondlo.

biography

Wazalwa October 10, 1884 kwidolophana Koshtugi Vytegorsky County (kummandla Vologda), UNikolai Klyuev. Biography of umbhali iqala kusapho phoyisa elula Alexei Kalashnikov. Kodwa uninzi zonke Klyuev wayemthanda unina, Praskovya Fyodorovna, ngubani ukubalisa olukhulu. Waye owenza umsebenzi wokufundisa nonyana ngenxa uNicholas wayazi ukufunda, ukubhala, ukufunda izisekelo yokugcina intsomi ingoma.

Ngowe-1895 waphumelela kwisikolo wendawo Vytegra. Wandula ke waya Petrozavodsk, apho ndafunda kwisikolo zonyango. Emva kokuphumelela Klyuev uNikolay Alekseevich kunye bakuthi zabo, abo Sizibandakanye ekuthengisweni kwekomkhulu oboya nentlanzi, waya eSt Petersburg emsebenzini.

Kwikomkhulu, waqala ukubhala umbongo phantsi izibongo indlela novokrestyanskoy. Xa imisebenzi yakhe Ndithelekelele lwembongi ikhalazela intlungu nokubandezeleka micinga ndimtshabhise abacinezeli. Klyuyev imibongo yokuqala zapapashwa "New Iimbongi" ukuqokelelwa ngo-1904. Kodwa kungekudala Klyuyev wabuyela ekhaya encinane.

Ukuba phantsi umbono ukususela ekuqaleni zeziganeko inguqu, imbongi zibandakanyiwe 1905 kumsebenzi kwezopolitiko. Uqala ukusasaza amaphetshana. Kuba ngo 1906. Klyuev wabanjwa.

unit Kluev no

A isiganeko ebalulekileyo ukuba imbongi ndaqhelana Alexander Blok. ababhali Imbalelwano kwaqala ngo-1907. Ekuqaleni, UNikolai Klyuev kakhulu shy iileta zakhe imbongi eyaziwayo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe weyiseka ukuba kwibhloko kwaye unomdla ezingxoxweni zabo. Klyuyev ngcembe uqala ukuthetha malunga umoya yoqhankqalazo leyo utsha phakathi kwabantu, malunga nokungalungi. Kodwa akukho nje malunga nezopolitiko zithi ababhali. UNikolai uthi amandla lwembongi umoya ibuthumileyo abantu elula, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ekhaya, ukuze ukuvula ngokupheleleyo.

iileta Block kwamchukumisa kakhulu Klyuyev. Yena njalo ucaphula kubo iincwadi kubahlobo kunye namanqaku zabo. Ngenxa uncedo kumlomo ngemibongo Blok epapashwe kwi "New Umhlaba", "Golden seboyeni" kunye nezinye amaphephancwadi ezininzi zoncwadi. Ngomhla imisebenzi imbongi ukusuka amaphondo ahlawule ababhali ingqalelo ombaxa. Ekubeni uninzi lwabo abakwazi ukuhlangabezana Klyuyev. Phakathi kwabo valeriy Bryusov.

impumelelo

Ngowe-1911, UNikolai Klyuev wapapasha ingqokelela yakhe yokuqala "ikuku chime." Intshayelelo kwi uhlelo ubhala Bruce. Le ncwadi ne imvume kunye nomdla yamkelwa kwizangqa zemibongo noncwadi. Malunga naye wasabela kakuhle iimbongi ezifana uNikolay Gumilev, Sergei Gorodetsky , njalo njalo. Le abaphulaphuli ubethwe ngemisebenzi engaqhelekanga Klyuyev wabo, ukunqongophala ubuntu nkqi, ndathi tropes, imifanekiso, izingqisho.

Klyuyev ezukisa ngemvelo, yokuphila yasemaphandleni, abantu. Noko ke, yena ukholelwa ukuba inkcubeko oluyintshembenxa ukuba predominated ngenkulungwane ye-19, uyafa, kwaye indawo into entsha, kunye zokuphila kwabantu.

Gumilyov kubuyekezwa wakhe ingqokelela yemibongo klyuevskoy ukuqikelela elizayo - uthi ukuba kuphela sisiqalo intshukumo elitsha kule ncwadi. Kwaye yena tye. Klyuyev iye yaba yenye abameli yokuqala novokrestyanskoy umbongo.

Klyuyev and Yesenin

UNikolai Klyuev ixesha elide, waluthethelela ilungelo umlimi izibongo ebomini. Kodwa ngo-1915 wafumana ileta evela imbongi oselula ukusuka kwiphondo Ryazan. incwadi Esenina uphefumlela Klyuyev. Nangona ukuba aqhelekileyo engekho, ngeenxa zonke ezi iimbongi ezimbini kunye nezinye ababhali ababhala ngaphakathi zifundo umlimi.

Kwimibongo Klyuyev ne Yesenin ngokwenene kakhulu eziqhelekileyo, nto ke leyo ebangele ukuba ngokukhawuleza bafumana ulwimi linye. Xa 1915 hit impumelelo yabo Incopho abanyanisekileyo. Bebonke baya iingokuhlwa zoncwadi, funda imihobe zabo.

Nangona kunjalo, le manyano zange ihlale ixesha elide. Esenina ngesipho banzi kakhulu novokrestyanskoy yesihobe, yaye ngowe-1917, ubuhlobo phakathi kwiimbongi ezimbini ziye kufika esiphelweni.

Ukusela izibongo yesigaba

UNikolai Klyuev, ogama imibongo bacula abantu ezilula Russian, Noko ke, alizithathi imbongi yesigaba. Revolution bafumana umbhali kwindawo yakowabo. Yathatha ukufika Klyuyev ngehlombe ibonwe. Kodwa ivezwa ngokwalo njengoko ekhubekisayo "iparadesi lo mfo."

Ngowe-1918, UNikolai Klyuev uthatha yamaBolshevik Party. Ethatha inxaxheba emsebenzini buvuvu, funda imibongo malunga revolution. Noko ke, yena umntu zonqulo, yaye kuchasene umyalelo omtsha. Kuye kucace ukuba kukhuthaza revolution eyahlukileyo kakhulu. Kwaye ngo 1920 Klyuyev uphum'aphele leliqela. Makayeke, ukupapasha kwizibongo nemibongo yakhe. Waqalisa ukubacaphukisa urhulumente omtsha kunye ukungavumelani yayo zonqulo kunye iimbongi yesigaba, ebabiza ngomgunyathi imveliso ubuxoki.

Yaqala lixesha elinzima mbongi. Wayehlala ubuhlwempu, wabalulamela ukuba intshutshiso, ayikwazanga ukufumana umsebenzi. Ngaphandle koku, waqhubeka ukuthetha phandle nxamnye kulawulo eSoviet.

Umzabalazo imbongi yaphela ngoFebruwari 2, 1934, xa wabanjwa ngenxa "Ukuqulunqwa omusha kunye nokusasazwa imisebenzi." Wagwetywa elubhacweni kwintsimi Narym. Yaye ngo-Oktobha 1937 Klyuyev babulawe ngezityholo zobuxoki.