Unit Motor - ntoni na?

Motor okanye iyunithi ziimoto liqela kwimicu ezithi innervated yi motoneuron. Ubungakanani kwimicu lilungu iyunithi enye, inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke umsebenzi izihlunu. Intshukumo ezincinane kunika, i ezincinane iyunithi motor neenzame ngaphantsi kuyimfuneko excitation yayo.

iiyunithi Motor: ukuhlelwa kwazo.

Xa ukufunda isihloko lixesha ebalulekileyo. Ingaba iinqobo ngayo nayiphi iyunithi motor ingachazwa. Physiology njenge inzululwazi, ibonisa iindlela zokugweba ezimbini:

• ukuncipha ngesantya ukuphendula umqondiso yokugcina;
• Isantya ukudinwa.

Ngako oko, ngenxa yezi mpawu, iintlobo ezintathu iiyunithi motor zingahlukaniswa.

1. Ngokuthe ngcembe, singapheli. luvo zabo motor siqulathe eninzi myoglobin, nto leyo eye kaBorrow ophezulu oksijini. Izihlunu abakulo ezininzi luvo motor olucothayo kuthiwa obomvu ngenxa yebala labo ethile. Kuyafuneka ukuba agcine indlela yokuma kwabantu usibeke balance.
2. Quick, amavili. Ezi izihlunu banako ukwenza inani elikhulu emanxebani ngexeshana elifutshane. Imisonto yabo ibe eninzi izinto amandla kuyo ngokusebenzisa phosphorylation oxidative zingafumaneka molecule ATP.
3. Fast, ukumelana wayedinwa. Ezi Imicu ziqulathe mitochondria ezimbalwa, kunye ATP ezenziwa cleavage neemolekyuli glucose. Ezi izihlunu kuthiwa emhlophe kuba kuswela myoglobin.

Iiyunithi uhlobo lokuqala

Icandelo basafunda lohlobo yokuqala okanye neutomlyaemaya kade, kwenzeka ngokufuthi izihlunu ezinkulu. motoneurons anjalo excitation embundwini ephantsi isantya nemithambo ngokwentshukumisa. Central cell-luvo izalelwe in terminal isabelo wayo branched kunye nefayibha amancinci innervates iqela. Nezihlandlo yamanzi eza iiyunithi motor kade - ukusuka pulses emithandathu ukuya kwelishumi ngomzuzwana. Motoneuron Ungalixhasa isingqisho onjalo phakathi emashumini embalwa imizuzu.

Power nesantya nokunciphisa kwiiyunithi iimoto zodidi lokuqala enesiqingatha amaxesha ngaphantsi kwe ezinye iintlobo leeyunithi motor. Isizathu soku - izinga eliphantsi ATP kunye neziphumo zizeka ion icalcium kwiseli inwebu lwangaphandle njengesibophelelo kwi troponin.

Iiyunithi kuhlobo lwesibini

Iyunithi basafunda yale uhlobo lwento enkulu motor-ehlobene kunye axons eshinyeneyo ende innervate iqela elikhulu imicu kwezihlunu. Ezi seli zemithambo babe embundwini eliphezulu excitation nesantya eliphezulu azilawule-luvo.

Xa ombane ubuninzi izihlunu, nemithambo ukubetha kwamaza ungaba kuze kwimizuzwana mahlanu. Kodwa motoneuron akanako ukulondoloza ixesha elide Velocity Uhanjiso ngokukhawuleza udiniwe. Amandla kunye izinga lokuncitshiswa Imicu kwezihlunu lohlobo yesibini ngaphezu kowangaphambili, ekubeni isixa myofibrils kwayo ngaphezulu. Imicu ziqulathe iienzymes ezininzi ndoyidiliza glucose kodwa izitya iiproteins myoglobin negazi ngaphantsi ayo.

Units yohlobo lwesithathu

Icandelo basafunda lohlobo lesithathu fast, kodwa ukumelana wayedinwa imicu kwezihlunu. Ngokutsho iimpawu zayo kufuneka bathathe ixabiso eliphakathi phakathi uhlobo lokuqala kunye neeyunithi motor yesibini. Imicu kwezihlunu kwemisipha enamandla, ngok and ezinzima. Kuba imveliso bamandla Ungasebenzisa zombini ndlela aerobic kunye anaerobic.

Umlinganiselo imicu ngokukhawuleza, ngokucotha zofuzo bazimisele yaye ziyahluka kubantu ezahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto umntu olungileyo kwi-elide kumgama nokubaleka, umntu ngokulula uleyisayo siqongqothe neemitha ezilikhulu, kwaye umntu weightlifting ifanele ngakumbi.

Reflex kuya uxinezeleko ichibi motor neuron

Xa esisuka yobuntu kwezihlunu inciphise kuqala ukuphendula. luvo zabo ukwenza lemisebenzi ukuya pulses ezilishumi ngomzuzwana. Ukuba imisipha ukuba aqhubeke olule, amaza ukubetha eyenziweyo iya kwandisa mahlanu. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni iiyunithi lwemoto ngohlobo wesithathu, kunye nokwandisa amandla kwezihlunu phindene kalishumi. Olunzulu, elula ukuqhagamshela Imicu mafutha lohlobo yesibini. Oku kuyandisa izihlunu amandla emva izihlandlo ezine okanye ezintlanu.

Iyunithi basafunda zihlunu ilawulwa yi-luvo mafutha. Iqela iiseli zemithambo-luvo eynza isihlunu, ibizwa neuron pool. Xa pool angaba ngaxeshanye luvo ezahlukeneyo, imiboniso ubunjani kunye neenkcukacha zamanani, iiyunithi motor. Ngenxa yoko, iinxenye kwimicu kwezihlunu zibandakanyiwe imisebenzi ngaxeshanye kwaye kangangokuba oko kwandisa enixabana nesantya neemvakalelo-luvo.

"Umgaqo ixabiso"

Iyunithi basafunda zihlunu, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yayo, lincitshiswe kuphela xa umthwalo ethile zisembundwini wawo. Inkqubo excitation iiyunithi motor beyenza: kuqala kwanciphisa luvo motor ocoliweyo, iminqweno-luvo ziye zithi emva koko ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ezinkulu. Le ndlela phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini wabona Edvud Henneman. Wayibiza ngokuthi "umgaqo lwamaxabiso."

Brown kunye Bronk isiqingatha senkulungwane ngaphambili epapashwe imisebenzi yabo kwi-isifundo siseko ukusebenza yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo leeyunithi dystrophy. Baye bacebise ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini ukulawula yindibanisela imicu kwezihlunu. Eyokuqala kwezi - kukwandisa nezihlandlo neemvakalelo-luvo kunye nezinye - ukuzibandakanya kwinkqubo kangangoko kunokwenzeka inani luvo motor.