Isizukulwana yesibini lweekhompyutha - kwinguqu esa transistors

Isizukulwana yesibini iikhompyutha yaba kutshintsho kwisiseko transistor element yaza yamakishwa ukuvela ezo minicomputers yokuqala.

It is a uphuhliso olungaphezulu okuzimela umgaqo - sele ukuphunyezwa kwayo yenziwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, lokubonakala kubume yemodyuli. izixhobo igalelo-output baxhotyiswa NB ekuthiwa nabaqondisi zabo, nto leyo kwinkululeko Central NB ngu nokuqhathwa lwemisebenzi igalelo-output.

Isizukulwana yesibini iikhompyutha indawo ongenawo iityhubhu kufika transistors, kwakunye yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa umphakathi Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye ekwazi njengezixhobo inkumbulo, leyo yiminyanya zikude yanamhlanje hard disk. Ngenxa zonke ezi amatsha kakhulu ukunciphisa ubungakanani kunye neendleko iikhompyutha.

Ixesha langoku nokucuthwa kwamaxabiso esi sizukulwana lweekhompyutha negalelo ukuhla senani computing izibonelelo kunye nexesha becomputing ukuba iindleko zizonke automated umsebenzi zokulungisa kakuhle ulwazi. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso sophuhliso yesicelo (senkqubo) phantse abuzange bunciphe, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu linyuke. Ngoko ke, kukho umkhuba lwenkqubo olusebenzayo, ezathi zaphunyezwa kwi computer isizukulwana yesibini eya ngokwanda kule namhlanje.

Ngenxa ukuqala ngokusekelwe nokuphuculwa kweelayibrari zezicelo eziqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ezihlangeneyo, banayo impahla ukusebenza computer yemiyinge ezahlukeneyo. Iimveliso software ithandwayo yodwa kwi RFP ngeenjongo zokusombulula iingxaki kwiklasi ethile.

Oku ukuphuculwa kobugcisa ukubulawa imveliso kwi kwisizukulwana wesibini iikhompyutha software ngokuya: kukho izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - nkqubo the software.

Injongo yophuhliso inkqubo le software kukuba lula nokukhawulezisa kumqhubekekisi usuke phakathi imisebenzi. Ukuba iinkqubo processing nebhetshi yokuqala, nokuhambisa isicelo ukusungulwa omnye komnye aye anda ingumlingani umthwalo kumqhubekekisi. Iinkqubo batch processing baye baba kwase kweenkqubo namhlanje yokusebenza, baba izicelo inkqubo yokuqala ukuba eyenzelwe ukulawula iinkqubo computer.

Ngelo xesha xa inkqubo ibhetshi inkqubo, uphuhliso ngokusesikweni ulwimi yolawulo umsebenzi iye yenziwa, apho umphuhlisi ukucacisa nkqubo kunye nomsebenzisi apho umsebenzi afuna ukwenza kwi computer wadala. imisebenzi Multiple kunye ngokohlobo sinendawo of amakhadi ngamanqindi yaziwa ngokuba izabelo iphakheji. Le element iyaqhubeka kusetyenziswa kwaye ngoku: ebizwa-njalo inyanda (inyanda) Iifayile MS DOS na ipakethe zemisebenzi (bat labo igama isandiso segama elithi IsiNgesi "ibhetshi", elithetha "iphakheji"). Kuba computer besizukulwana lesibini lophuhliso imveliso yasekhaya ziquka ezi zilandelayo: ". Uxolo" "Promin", "Hrazdan", "Minsk",