Unyango lwezandla zabasebenzi bezonyango ngezempilo: kuthetha, imithetho

Umba wesidingo sokwenza ucoceko lwabantu ngabasebenzi bezonyango bephakanyisiwe okokuqala ngqa phakathi kwekhulu le-19. Ngaloo xesha, ngenxa yeemeko ezingekho ntsholongwane eYurophu, malunga ne-30% yabasetyhini abasemsebenzini babulawa kwizibhedlele. Isizathu esibalulekileyo sokufa kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-postpartum fever. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba oogqirha baya kubafazi abazalayo emva kokusasazeka kwezidumbu. Ngelo xesha, abazange baphathe nantoni, kodwa bawaphelisa nje ngomkhonto.

Iintlobo zokusetyenziswa

Ukugcina isandla esicocekileyo kuyimfuneko kubo bonke abasebenzi bezonyango. Ukunceda ukuhlambulula ingenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

• Ukususa ukungcola nokunciphisa inani leenqununu ezikhumbeni zezandla kunye nesepha kunye namanzi;
• Ukusetyenziswa kwee-antiseptics zecala ekhethekileyo ephuza utywala, okuvumela ukunciphisa inani leebhaktheriya esikhumbeni ukuya kumgangatho omncinci.

Indlela yesibini kuphela inokuthiwa yonyango lwezonyango. Eyokuqala kuphela ukuhlamba okuhlambulukileyo. Geza izandla kunye nomthengisi we-sophi yamanzi kwaye usule ngelinye ithawula elilahlayo. Kodwa ukungafihlisi kuyenziwa nge-skin antiseptics.

Ngokwemigaqo, abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka babe neendawo zokufumana unyango ngezandla. Ukongezelela, kufuneka banike ama-creams, ibhalms, lotions, eyenzelwe ukunakekelwa kwesikhumba. Emva kwakho konke, xa unyango lwamayeza luhlala lukhula, umngcipheko wokuba uqhagamshelana ne-dermatitis iyanda. Kwakhona ukukhethwa kwamanzi kunye ne-antiseptics kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqwalasela ukunganyanzeliseki.

Iimeko ezibalulekileyo

Umqeshwa ngamnye wesibhedlele kufuneka azi ukuba izandla zokuhlanzeka kufuneka ziphathwe njani. Oku kuyimfuneko kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ngaphambi nangemva kokudibanisa nesigulane ngasinye;
• Ngaphambi nangemva kokubeka iiglavu, ezisetyenziswe ngexesha lolawulo lwezonyango, qhagamshelana ne-excreta okanye imfihlo yomzimba, amabhanti, ii-mucous surface;
• Emva kokuqhagamshelana nekhanda elungileyo, umzekelo, emva kokulinganisa kwengcinezelo yegazi, ukutshiza, ukuguqula isiguli;
• Emva kokusebenza nezixhobo ezikufuphi kusondeza isiguli;
• Emva kokonyango kwezigulane ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezivuthayo.

Ukuba kukho ukucoceka okucacileyo kwesikhumba sesandla kunye negazi okanye iimfihlo zesigulane, ngokokuqala kufuneka bahlambuluke ngamanzi kunye nesepha kwaye bamiswe. Emva koko, kufuneka baphathwe kabini nge-antiseptic.

Izandla zokuhlamba izandla

Ungalibali ngokubaluleka kokuhlanjululwa kwesikhumba, kungekhona kwizibhedlele kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye iindawo. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwonyango yonke indawo iyahlala iyamanyaniswa. Ngaphambi kokuba uqhubekele kwinkqubo, kufuneka ususe zonke iindandatho, iilindo kunye namasongo. Naziphi na izinto zangaphandle zenza kube nzima ukususa ii-microorganisms ze-pathogenic. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuhlamba izandla zakho ngamanzi afudumele ngamanzi.

Ukwandisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo, kufuneka uqale unamanzi izandla uze ucofe insipho emanzi. I-algorithm yokucwangcisa izandla ibonakala ngathi:

1. Yenza umphunga ngesepha ngokuncedisa ukuxubha okukhulu kwentendelezo phakathi komnye.
2. Gubha ngesandla esinye ngesinye ukuhamba.
3. Gubungela umva ongasemva kwesandla sokunene ngesundu esisekhohlo uze ubeke.
4. Ukudibanisa iminwe yesandla sokunene kunye nezikhetho zangasese ezishiyekileyo, zicwangcise ngenyameko.
5. Kubalulekile ukudlula kunye nomgangatho wangaphakathi weminwe.
6. Dlulela umnqweno wenkwenkwezi kwaye uhlabe izandla.
7. Gcina izandla zakho kwisitshixo kwaye uhambe ngeminwe yakho entendeni yesandla sakho.
8. Ukuthintela ngokucophelela ukunyuka kwesetyhula, ngenxa yoko, isiseko sayo kufuneka sihlanganiswe ngesinye isithupha kunye nesandulela sesinye isandla.
9. Kwimodeli efanayo, i-wrist iphathwa kwakhona.
10. Ngeentshukumo zetyhula zixubusha isundu sakho ngezandla zakho.

Intshukumo nganye kufuneka iphindwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ama-5, kwaye ubude bexesha lokuhlamba kufuneka kube malunga nomzuzu.

Imithetho yabasebenzi bezonyango

Wonke umsebenzi kwiibhedlele nakwiikliniki kufuneka aqonde indlela yokuphatha izandla zabasebenzi bezonyango. I-SanPiN (icebo lokuhlamba ngokuchanekileyo linikezelwa ngasentla) lenza umyalelo wokungcola isikhumba kuphela, kodwa nokukhutshwa kwazo. Kwakhona, abasebenzi bezempilo kufuneka bakhumbule ezi mfuneko zilandelayo:

• Izikhonkwane ezimfutshane ezinqamlekileyo ngaphandle kwe-varnish;
• Ukungabikho kwamacenge, amasongo kunye neminye imihlobiso efanayo.

Iipolisi zesikhonkwane zingenza iziphumo ezingafunekiyo ze-dermatological ezingakhokelela ekusulelekeni kwintsholongwane yesibini. Ukongeza, i-verarnish emnyama ayikuvumeli ukuba uvavanye umlinganiselo wokuhlanzeka kwesithuba se-subungual. Oku kungabangela ukuba uphuculo oluphezulu lwezinga eliphezulu Into eyingozi kakhulu i-varnish ephukile. Emva koko, kule meko, ukususa i-microorganisms ebusweni bezandla kuba nzima nakakhulu.

Ukuphunyezwa kwendlela yokuqhawula imithi kuhambelana nokuveliswa kwe-microtraumas, ezilula ukusulela. Esi sizathu sezizathu zokuba abasebenzi bezonyango benqatshelwe ukugqoka izipikili ezingamanga.

Naluphi na ubucwebe okanye ubucwebe beengubo ezinokubangela ukuba unyango lwezandla lungabonakali. Ukongeza, ngenxa yazo, iiglavu zingonakaliswa, kwaye inkqubo yokuyibeka iyinkimbinkimbi.

Imiba yezilwanyana

Ukonyangwa kwezandla zabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwiindlela zokungenelela kwenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwiskimu esitshintshileyo. Ngoko, umzekelo, ixesha lokuhlamba liyakwandiswa kwaye imizuzu emi-2. I-algorithm elandelayo yokucwangcisa izandla ibonakala ngathi. Emva kokucoca umatshini, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha isikhumba nge-tissue oyinyumba okanye itayili yephepha elahlayo.

Ukongeza kokuhlamba, unyango kunye ne-antiseptic kubalulekile. Inqwalaselo kufuneka ihlawulwe kungekuphela kwezandla, kodwa nakwii-wrists kunye neziphambili. Ngexesha lexesha lokunyanga, ilusu kufuneka lihlale limanzi. Sula izandla zakho azikwazi ukulinda de i-antiseptic idle ngokupheleleyo. Emva koko kuphela, oogqirha banokugqoka iiglavu.

Ukukhethwa kwemveliso yezempilo

Abaninzi ngoku bakhetha i-soap anti-bacterium. Kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela inkqubo yokucoca ulusu. Ukuba konke kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ukuhlamba kunye nesepha evamile kuya kusebenza ngendlela efanayo. Ekusebenzeni ngokugqithisa, iindlela ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa unyango lwezonyango. Insipho iqukethe i-chlorhexidine gluconate okanye i-povidone-iodine. Ezi zinto ziyakwazi ukunciphisa inani leebhaktheriya ngo-70-80% kwisicelo sokuqala kunye ne-99% kwisicelo sesibini. Kule meko, xa usebenzisa i-povidone-iodine, i-microflora ikhula ngokukhawuleza xa idibana ne-chlorhexidine.

Ukuze kuthotyelwe ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zokulawula, unyango lwezempilo lwezonyango lwabasebenzi bezonyango luyenze, kuyinqweneleka ukuxhobisa amaziko ezempilo ngamacwecwe esilingo. Zilawulwa ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwezandla.

Kwakhona, kwiindlela zokugqirha, iibhulashi zingasetyenziselwa ukuhlambulula izandla, kodwa oku kungabonwa njengento enyanzelisayo. Bamele babe ngabokuhlanjululwayo, okanye abanakho ukuxhomekeka nge-autoclaving.

Ixesha lexesha

Ekusebenzeni ukutyanda, imithetho ekhethekileyo yokucoca ulusu. Emva kokuhlambulula ngokuqhelekileyo ngokwemigaqo-nkqubo esekwe, ukukhutshwa kwazo ngokutsha kufuneka kwenziwe.

Ukuqhutyelwa kwezandla zabasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kwexesha. I-SanPin (icebo lokuhlamba lihlala lifanayo) linikezela ukuba ukucocwa kwesikhumba ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe izixhobo zokugonywa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanayo kunye nococeko.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbuza ukuba ngexesha lonke lokungakhutshwa kwezandla kufuneka bahlale bemanzi. Kuba inkqubo, njengomgaqo, ngaphezu kwe-6 ml ye-antiseptic kufuneka isetyenziswe. Njengomphumo wophando kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kokubaluleka kweebhaktheriya, unyango lwemizuzu emihlanu kwesikhumba lwanele. Kwakhona kwaqinisekiswa ukuba ukusebenza kwalo mgaqo imizuzu emithathu kunciphisa inani leenqununu kwizinga elimkelekileyo.

Imithetho yokulungisa izandla nge-antiseptic

Emva kokuhlamba ngokucacileyo ulusu lwezandla, izibonda kunye neengaphambili, kuyimfuneko ukuba uyomise. Emva koko, umgangatho osetyenziswayo wokunyanga ngesandla kwabasebenzi beebhloko zokusebenza unika isidingo se-disinfectants.

Ngaphambi koko, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuyimfuneko ukuphatha imibhede yezipikili kunye ne-okolonogtevye rollers. Kule njongo, sebenzisa izithixo zamatye ezilahlayo ezingenakunyumba, okufuneka zifakwe kongezwe nge-antiseptic.

I-disinfactant isetyenziswe i-2.5 ml kwisandla kunye ne-forearm. Malunga ne-10 ml ye-disinfectant liquid kufuneka isetyenziswe unyango lwezandla ezimbini. I-antiseptic kufuneka ihluthwe ngesikhumba ngendlela efanayo ukuba izandla zihlanjwe, ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo kokuhamba.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo / ukukhuphuka kwemveliso unokugqoka iiglavu. Ukuba utyando luhlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-3, ngoko unyango luphindaphindiwe. Emva koko, phantsi kweiglavu, i-pathogenic microorganms iqala ukuphindaphinda kwakhona.

Isigaba sokugqibela

Kodwa oku akuwona onke amanqanaba okwelashwa ngesandla. Kubalulekile emva komsebenzi kwiiglavu ukuzisusa nokuhlamba izandla ngezepha. Kule meko, akusisimfuneko ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-disinfectant. Kwanele ukuhlamba isepha yolwelo, kuyinqweneleka ukuba i-pH ayithathi nto.

Emva kokucoca ulusu, kufuneka benziwe. Kule njongo, iifrimu ezihlukeneyo, i-lotions iyasetyenziswa. Injongo yaso ephambili kukuthintela umphumo wokumisa we-alcohol-containing containing disinfectants.

Ngokwahlukileyo kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba unyango lwezandla ngaphandle kokungcola okubonakalayo lungenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlamba. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kwanele ukusebenzisa izisombululo ze-antiseptic imizuzwana engama-30-60.

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwamayeza okubulala ii-disinfectants akunaziphumo ezintle kwi-skin of professionals. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo zempendulo ezenziwa ngababhedlele. Ngokuqhelekileyo banokukhalaza ngokukrakra, ukomisa, ukucaphuka, ukubonakala kwemichiza ngokuphuma kwamanzi. Ezi zimpawu zingabalulekanga kwaye zichaphazele ngokucacileyo imeko jikelele yabasebenzi.

Kukho olunye uhlobo lweengxaki - i-dermatitis ye-allergen. Zenzeka xa ukunganyamezelwanga kwanoma iyiphi nayiphi na imali yeemali ezijoliswe ekukhuselweni ngesandla. I-dermatitis ye-allergen iyakwazi ukuzibonakalisa kokubili kwiindawo ezinobuthakathaka ezichazwe kwindawo kunye nakwifom ephezulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi ezingakuhoxiswa, zinokudibaniswa ne-respiratory syndrome okanye ezinye iimpawu ze-anaphylaxis.

Ubuninzi beengxaki kunye nokukhusela kwabo

Unokuqonda ukubaluleka kwengxaki ukuba uyazi ukuba iindlela ezinjalo zonyango zenza ukuba ama-nurse ama-25% aphulukise iimpawu ze-dermatitis, kunye ne-85% yokunika ingxelo yokuba babe neengxaki zesikhumba kwimbali yabo.

Into encinci yokunciphisa impembelelo evuthayo ye-antiseptics inokwenzeka xa ungeze i-emollients kubo. Le yindlela enye yokunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kwe-dermatitis. Kwakhona, umngcipheko wokubakho kwawo unokunciphisa ngokusebenzisa emva kokuhlamba okunye okuhlanjululwayo, okujoliswe ekunyamekelweni kwesikhumba sezandla.

Ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kweengxaki, musa ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba uphathwe nge-antiseptic. Ukongezelela, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiglavu zigqithiswe kuphela xa ulusu lumile.

Musa ukuwayeka ukusetyenziswa kwezichumiso. Kwimarike, unokufumana ukhilimu okhethekileyo okhuselekileyo owenzelwe ukuthintela ukubonakala komnxeba we-dermatitis. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezifundo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphumelela kwabo. Abantu abaninzi banqunywe ngamanani aphezulu ala ma-creams.