Uphawu hyperkalemia - ngumqondiso isifo apho banda uyayixabisa ngaphezulu kwe-5 mmol kwinqanaba potassium / l ku serum egazini. Xa abantu, potassium ingakumbi ubukhulu becala bakwicandelo iiseli ngokubonelela DNA kunye neprothini yokuqaphela, ukukhula iseli, eqhelekileyo yokusebenza enzyme t. D. 2% kuphela potassium na kulwelo extracellular. Uxabane iindlela extrarenal potassium homeostasis igcinwa, intlawulo yokuqala potassium idubule, kwaye sicatshulwa yesibini inikwa potassium kwizisele ukusuka kulwelo extracellular. Action potassium kukunika amandla yombane of ingaphandle cell. Uphawu hyperkalemia kwinqanaba eliphakathi - ukuncitshiswa isakhono inwebu ebambe ka-luvo kunye izihlunu iiseli, ethi ichaphazele ukwanda excitability iiseli. Ukuba xiyimiso potassium egazini liphuma ku 7.5 mmol / L, iiseli balahlekelwe excitability yabo ngokupheleleyo.
Hyperkalemia: iimpawu
Hyperkalemia na depolarization iiseli kunye nokuncitshiswa excitability yabo ebangela buthathaka kwezihlunu, ukusilela yokuphefumla kunye paresis kuhambisane. inyathelo Cardiotonic ubonisa potassium eliphezulu ziloliwe amaza T kwi electrocardiogram. Kwezinye iimeko, esi sifo ichaphazela zobude ye-PQ-lekhefu, kunye nokwandiswa AV QRS-complex kwaye sehlise kunye nelahleko P wave Zonke ezi mpawu zikhokelela ventricular fibrillation kunye asystole.
Uphawu hyperkalemia: izinto
Xa abantu inempilo potassium ngeedosi eziphezulu kunqabile ebangela isifo. Nobangela wesifo kumsebenzi oluqhelekileyo sezintso - insufficiency adrenal. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, oliguric etsolo ukunyuka ukusilela kwezintso kumanqanaba potassium igazi kwithuba elifutshane ngaphandle ukwanda umthwalo potassium. A Inani lezigulane kunye insufficiency ezingapheliyo sezintso kwi iqondo isiphumo hyperkalemia of aldosterone ngxaki, nto leyo inoxanduva secretion potassium. Le meko idla iqatshelwe nephropathy seswekile, tubulointerstitial isifo sezintso kunye nomonakalo nezixhobo juxtaglomerular.
uphethwe
Hyperkalemia ibanjiwe laboratory ye serum ngenxa potassium kunye noviwo electrocardiographic.
ukuphathwa hyperkalemia
Iimpawu zokuqala hyperkalemia kufuneka kuhoywa. ehlasela Acute, leyo esongela ubomi isigulane iphathwa nolawulo efakwa of sisombululo calcium gluconate zonke 2-3. Ukwandisa isiqulatho icalcium uyancipha igazi kwandisa umbundu enokubakho umahluko phakathi amanyathelo amandla kunye ukuphumla, ukunciphisa excitability iiseli. Ulawulo efakwa sodium hydrogencarbonate ikhuthaza utshintsho lwe potassium ukusuka kulwelo extracellular kungena iiseli ngqo. Kwaye lokuthintela hypokalemia butofelwe ilawulwa umsebenzi insulin-ekukhuthazeni of Impompo sodium-potassium ngoko - kumsinga iiseli potassium. Ukunciphisa uyondelelwano lwee- potassium serum sodium yalatha nentlaka ion Exchange fosfattsellyuloznuyu, ngokufuthi yokudibanisa oko sorbitol. Ukuqeshwa emahlamvini ezifanelekileyo nokuthintela izifo kwi ukusilela oyingozi kwezintso. Uphawu hyperkalemia eyathi yaqulunqa kwinyathelo zisuswe nge olugqitha esikhumbeni okanye dialysis peritoneal kunye nesisombululo bezkalievym.