Uphi na Field lentombi? Imbali umdla facts

Famous Moscow Maiden endle Wasolula kwi elilodwa elide, ngokuqhelekileyo beqalela ring Garden egqibela Novodevichy Convent. Le imida kuqwalaselwa kwi-East Minor Pirogovskaya ngasentshonalanga - ezitratweni Pogodinskaya. Ziintombi phezu ezimanyeneyo endle a Pirogovskaya enkulu. ezi izitrato de 1924 zazibizwa, ngokulandelelana, i-Big amaNcinane Tsaritsyno. Le ndawo a iyadi ukumkanikazi Evdokia Lopukhina - umfazi Peter I. ukumkani

Igama yobuntombi. Uphi na?

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le ndawo unetyala igama layo ezikufuphi Novodevichy Convent, leyo ubabalweyo kanye Princess Sophia ngenkulungwane XVII. Beka phambili nezinye yeengcinga, ukusuka apho kulandela ukuba ngaphambili wabumba Field Virgin kaThixo. EMoscow ngomhla obekiweyo ngaphambili kukhethwe le ndawo ekuhambeni. Ngoko ke iya okwahlukileyo - woonongendi got igama layo ukusuka kwiindawo ezikufuphi.

Enye inguqulelo ngemvelaphi igama intsimi Ntombazana ithi ngexesha le-Tatar-Mongol abemi zokuhlala balapho bazisa apha amantombazana intle ekuhlawuleni irhafu wabathuma Golden mkhosi. Inguqulelo yesibini mnandi ngakumbi. Igama Field livela yokuba kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho amadlelo, imini abantu bomzi intombi iinkomo ngokufuya apha, kwaye kule mibhiyozo ngokuhlwa zilungelelaniswe, imidaniso isangqa, ukucula, amalungiselelo imidlalo ezahlukeneyo.

Beka yemisitho

Xa kwimbali Moscow Maiden endle eyaziwa kakuhle ukuba mibhiyozo ngokubanzi uluntu kunye mkhosi. Ekuqaleni, iiholide kwahlelwa neecawa, ikakhulu yayilusuku nehlonelwayo ye icon ye Lady Lwethu ESmolensk. Kuyinyhweba ngokwayo yaye wanyuselwa Novodevichy Convent. Kamva Field Virgin washukumisela Podnovinskie mkhosi, zintanda njalo bendawo. Kudla eyenziwa apha famous ngentsebenzo undwendwe amazwe babehamba ngaphesheya eRashiya. Ethandwa kakhulu kunye jugglers zoluntu Zheni Latur kunye Pinetti. kanondyebo Russian labiwe nokuba imali, yona yayakhelayo apha kwiholo ngamaplanga. Kuyo ukuba abaqhelekileyo ehamba ahlelwa yeqonga simahla. Ngelishwa, le nkundla wabhangiswa ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngowe-1771 wayeka ukusebenza ngenxa isibetho, yaye kamva akazange abe namandla yokwaba imali yesondlo yayo.

Le ibekwa of uNicholas I

Noko ke, kwimibhiyozo kwi endle akazange ayeke. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inikwa ukuswela ukwazi ukuba iziganeko ezenzeka apha ngo-1826. Lo mbhiyozo kwanikezelwa Tsar Nicholas I. Kuba ibekwa lentsapho loMlawuli kunye iindwalutho kwi rotunda Field lentombi leyo yakhelwe ijikeleze eziye Iinkuphelo zinokuhonjiswa igalari. Siye samenywa ukuba mkhosi abaqhelekileyo. Kubo, kummandla kugqunywe idla fare ezahlukeneyo kangaka: zonke iintlobo ehla, ibhiya, nobusi, iziqhamo, watshaya ham, inyama yenkomo eqhotsiweyo kwakunye nokunye okuninzi. Kufuphi oko kwabalelwa imithombo iwayini (2 enkulu 16 ezincinane), ngqo nemilomo uphetshethwayo yewayini emhlophe kunye ebomvu. Field lentombi leyo ukulungele ukufumana iindwendwe. Leholide balibhengeza, kwaye ndawo kwathi gqi indimbane enkulu ephatha ukubandezeleka ukulwa. Xa uphawu ixilongo ukuya ekuqaleni lesidlo, abantu langena wabalekiselwa imithombo, iitheyibhile. Isihlwele amanzi yonke indlela, yaye oku nangona wanikwa umyalelo ukwenza imiyalezo. kwemizuzu elishumi kamva, kwaba nzima ukufumana indawo evuza ukuvunwa. Isihlwele wajika yonke ibhuqekile;, kwaphulwa iitafile nezitulo, izinto ezidliwayo kumcimbi lemizuzwana kutshayelwa, wabatshabalalisa igalari. Oku, siye iholide.

Emva kwesi siganeko amisiweyo, zonke kwimithendeleko ukuzonwabisa ndawo zivaliwe. Eyenziwa apha kuphela kwimiju- zomkhosi imithambo wamajoni. Kuphela ngo-1864 kwi Field lentombi liqale Podnovinskie mkhosi, kamva waqalisa ukubamba nombhiyozo ebanzi Carnival neIsta.

sigodlo Novodevichy

Ukuba ku Field lentombi leyo, omnye ebona elumelwaneni le Novodevichy Convent. Prechistenka kukhokelela kuyo, endleleni, igama kwaba kanye ngenxa yokuba indlela yakhokelela Novodevichy Monastery, apho amanqugwala kwaba - icon ungowokubongwa Virgin. Ngaphezu iindonga weemonki ezinde tiered intsimbi inqaba. Phakathi izakhiwo ezininzi emishini zibonakale evela entsimini Ntombazana kunye Smolensky Cathedral, awayakhayo kwaba kukhunjulwa inkululeko le ESmolensk uyinqaba ngo-1525.

Sele kwiintsuku zokuqala ikhona lalisaziwa Novodevichy Convent bazizityebi uqoqosho feudal. Kwinkulungwane XVII woonongendi ebeyinalo iseti yelizwe Russian, yena ingqalelo enomhlaba enkulu. Kwakukho indela Princess Sophia, I. F. Godunova, E. F. Lopuhina. Oku kuchaza umdla okhethekileyo woonongendi ngabasemagunyeni kunye nezinto zenkxaso elungileyo.

Kwinkulungwane XV kwicala ngasentshonalanga Virgin asendle ukuya kuMlambo eMoscow wasolula COMPOUND Rostov ubhishophu engqongwe dolophu yakhe encinane lwabasebenzi kwi ndawo ngoku e Rostov lane. Le ndawo ngelo xesha akhankanywe apha njengoko Dorogomilovo zokuhlala.

Imbali lwezonyango ze dolophu

Ifomati iye yatshintsha lentsimi yayo Ntombazana kwi ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Kwaye zihlobene kakhulu kwicandelo yezonyango Moscow State University. Inani labafundi landa, kwiiklasi zamaziko emfundo kwi Rozhdestvenka kunye Moss akazange abe izihlalo ngokwaneleyo. Ngowe-1884, i-eMoscow urhulumente isixeko wagqiba ukuthumela yunivesithi wanikela umhlaba Field imvume ngamaziko zonyango eyunivesithi Virgin kunye neekliniki. indawo okuzinikela ezaBiweyo iihektare ezingama-18. Nokuba ngaphambili, ngowe-1882, umfazi yabarhwebi tvoix thaca le yunivesithi eka 6 zomhlaba ekufutshane. Isipho wangena lokuposa. Imali tvoix kunye Paskhalov wamisa izakhiwo zokuqala kumasebe zengqondo kunye yokubelekisa.

Ngaloo ndlela kwaqalisa ukwakhiwa dolophu Clinical. Umqalisi wolwakhiwo yalo ngoko ugqirha odumileyo - NV Sklifosovsky kwiminyaka 1880-1891 - uprofesa waseyunivesithi. Yena sungula a entsokothileyo campus lwezonyango uKonstantin Bykovsky.

tab esemthethweni wafika ngowe-1887 emva kokuba Alexander III evunyiweyo mali lweprojekthi kunye wesandla.

End of zokwakha

Field Virgin, nto leyo engqina isikali kwindawo photo izele izibonelelo zonyango. idolophu Clinical bakhula. It ngemali ukwakhiwa karhulumente, kodwa ke iminikelo zorhwebo wadlala indima enkulu ekwakheni leekliniki kunye namaziko.

Ngowe-1897, umsebenzi wokwakha wagqitywa. Ngenxa yoko le Moscow State University yakhiwa izibhedlele 12, station 1 yezigulane kunye namaziko-8. Ukususela ngoko, imbali Ntombazana lentsimi yayo kakhulu enxibelelene kakhulu kuphuhliso amayeza eRashiya, yaye kamva eSoviet Union.

Njengokuba imikhosi, yayiqhubeka kwiminyaka nje embalwa apha emva kokuvulwa dolophu Clinical. Kodwa ngowe-1911 bathunyelwa ngamanzi ahlaziyekileyo. ingxolo Made ezichaphazela impilo izigulane kunye nabasebenzi ngokucelwa lweeklinikhi Urhulumente wagqiba ukuyi-. Ngowe-1930, i-Faculty Medical ukuba similise okwaloo Yonyango Yokuqala Institute, owathi kamva wafumana itayitile Sechenov.

De kube ngoku, Field lentombi leyo kuthathwa ukuba ibe yindawo apho kujoliswe eziphambili iikliniki lwezonyango nje kuphela Moscow, kodwa kuyo yonke iRussia.

iiklinikhi

Yeyiphi iklinikhi Field lentombi kwakhiwa?

It yagqitywa ngo-1890:

• unyango eklinikhi ugqirha Zakharyin;
• kuhlinzwa Sklifosovsky;
• Iiklinikhi izifo-luvo;
• Hospital Filatov zabantwana;
• Institute of General kwizifo Anatomy Klein;
• Institute for ngezifo jikelele, yezemithi, ucoceko.

Ngowe-1892, ikliniki esibhedlele:

• Unyango Ostroumova;
• utyando;
• propedeutics izifo zangaphakathi;
• izifo amehlo.

Ngowe-1895 wayivula ilebhu jikelele kwezonyango indlebe, impumlo kunye nomqala.

Ngoku Big Pirogovskaya khangela olungaphambili kwifakhalthi kwiikliniki zotyando kunye zonyango. Koko wabubhekisa isebe unyango, i-wit odumileyo. Kwikliniki yakhe kunye legazi yemiphunga walala A. P. Chehov.

Esi sakhiwo eliligugu dolophu Clinical - lwezonyango iklinikhi kwezigulane jikelele, leyo wawusakhiwa wezakhiwo Zaleski yaye yavulwa ngo-1896. Ngoku isakhiwo ibekwe Mma onguMphathi yakhe. Phambi kokuba sakhiwo ilitye lesikhumbuzo ku Sechenov - umseki yesikolo amalungu, oko iyilwe 1958 Kerbel.

Ekumzantsi izakhiwo ezibini indlela neoclassical - anatomopathological Institute kunye Clinic izifo zolusu. Okulandelayo ngo 1960 kwaba lesikhumbuzo ku Abrikosov yabalindi nomkroli.

uMikhail Bulgakov

Imbali ngokusondeleyo kakhulu inxulumene apha amayeza, ngoko ke kanti - nkqu umbhali uMikhail Bulgakov, ababehlala apha ukususela ngo-1927, njengoko umsebenzi wakhe ngugqirha. indlu yakhe Field iNtombi iye bebesoloko iindwendwe. Ngaba iindwendwe rhoqo apho Ilf kunye Petrov, Olesha, amagcisa Arts Theatre Yashin, galo. Kwiminyaka 30 Bulgakov nje ukuqalisa imisebenzi yayo kwi-Art Theatre. UMikhail Bulgakov waphila apha lakhe uthando nomfazi Beloselsky-Belozersky. Emva koko isanda kwayo inoveli odumileyo "Mfundisi noMargarita", igama lokuqala leyo "iingcali uphuphu." Usebenze inkosi kunye umdlalo "I utho of Bahanahanisindini," yaye bali "Moliere."

square

izitrato arrow Big Pirogov kunye Elan iya kukhokelela Square Ntombazana endle. Le iqhekeza kuphela komhlaba kanye intsimi eyintlango khange yakhiwe up. Le ndawo ezo mibhiyozo ngokobume abaninzi festive eye wavula apha ukususela 1864. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, emva kokwakhiwa kwidolophu lwezonyango ze iphele ngesicelo kwicandelo lezonyango wafuduselwa showroom ngo-1911. isikwere efanayo Local, izikwere, elungisiwe wagqiba ukuba epakini enkulu, nto leyo ahlala ngo-1912-1913.

Green, ukhululekile Square akunika unxantathu ngoku kwakhiwa apho ezinkulu Pirogovskaya, Yelanskaya isitalato ayidlayo Plyushchikha watyhutyha Devichye endle. Ezimibala eziluhlaza, iindlela-zigcinwe kakuhle, lomthombo, izitulo - ihlabathi yoxolo, ngamanye amaxesha abakholelwa ukuba abaliqela enengxolo Garden Ring. Ekoneni isikwere ibekwe Filatov lesikhumbuzo - a wabantwana eyakhokela kwikliniki yabantwana ekufutshane.

michael itempile

kwiikliniki ezirhangqileyo kanye ne Michael itempile use kwiikliniki e Devichye endle. Yayakhelwe phantsi iprojekthi Nikiforov, Meissner kwicandelo eyona dolophu Clinical. Le perile ukuba Uyabahombisa complex esibhedlele, ulunika ukuphelela kunye ingqibelelo.

Ngowe-1894 Alexander III yamkele labazobi projekthi, kwaye ngoko nangoko wabeka itempile kuthwalelwa phandle. Lo mmandla wayenesikhundla lawula kwidolophu Clinical. Kulapha nentsingiselo yokomfuziselo kwimeko yokubelekisa iintsana azalwe. Kulo ecaweni enye, yaye ngokufuthi babhaptizwa. Ebuntwaneni kokubili emzimbeni kwaye ngaxeshanye nobomi base Moyeni.

Ukwakhiwa waya ngokukhawuleza, yaye ngowe-1897 Michael zecawa Field lentombi leyo yanikezelwa. yokuzahlula kwakhe kwaphawula ukugqitywa ngokupheleleyo kwakusakhiwa dolophu lwezonyango, yaba umsebenzi evelele bonke abo bakha isakhiwo zonyango. Michael Temple kangako kwedolophu zokomoya ekhethekileyo nentsingiselo. Abebandla kwakukho oogqirha, abafundi kunye nezigulane, kwaye abahlali bendawo kufutshane nezindlu.

maxesha anzima. ukululama

Ngowe-1922, kumaxesha nzima etempileni kubukho Russian kwi Field lentombi limisiwe yi kwiBolsheviks. Lo mhlaba zilahlwe wathi 'impahla yabantu. " Ngowe-1931 ibandla lalivaliwe, uThixo amajukujuku wabatshabalalisa, konke oku nangona uqhankqalazo ngobuninzi balapho. Ukwakhiwa kwetempile, kuqala imibutho kultprosvetchitalnyu, gym ngoko yaxhobisa apha, ngoko ekhemesti, isithuba ofisi, yokugcina. Ngowe-1977, le nkonzo yathi phantse zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa ukutya. iinzame okukhulu uluntu kuphela wanceda ukumisa abonakalisi beprophathi. Iminyaka emininzi itempile esihle lalize. Kuphela 1990, isakhiwo ekugqibeleni wanika amakholwa. Iintsalela zetempile ixesha elide ukuze abuyisele, wayibuyisela. Ngo-2002, ibandla Michael xa kuvulwa iingcango zalo ukuba amakholwa, baphinda bayiphosa ilothe kuyo ngomthandazo, emva ubuhle eladlulayo nozuko.

Field lentombi. Kolomna

Ukuthetha Field le Moscow Virgin kaThixo, singasathethi ke isitalato eponymous in Kolomna. Yena, nayo, iye imbali yayo umdla, nangona abantu abaninzi namhlanje baqhelene nayo. Namhlanje lentombi Field (Kolomna) - indawo yesitalato isixeko esiqhelekileyo Kolycheva apho emgceni kuthotho yezindlu panel. Abemi kwaba ngenkankulu yesini malunga nento yokuba bahlala kanye kuloo ndawo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba uphawu lwe lokumanywa Russia. Apha nguDmitry Donskoy waqokelela iinkosana kwaqeqeshwa abo impi omnye nomnye. Oku apho aye kuhlanganiswa kwenye ngumkhosi onamandla Russian, nto leyo ezingazange emfazweni enkulu Kulikovo. I Rostov waya emfazweni, Pskov, Suzdal, waza wabuyela - Russian. Ngoko kwakukho umanyano lwesizwe.

Ilizwe ngokhethekileyo ngokwenene, yaye kamva ngokuphindaphindiweyo wenza apha khangela imikhosi yamajoni.

Ngoku le ndawo yindawo yokuhlala Kolychevo uluhlu ukuba zonke izalathisi eqhelekileyo. Namantombazana index yasentsimini Kolomna - 140 404, ubude kwisitalato - 1.3 km, inkonzo minh №7, kummandla wedolophu Kolychevo. Kwisitrato zifana izindlu, kunye namashishini zorhwebo, catering uluntu kunye zonyango.