Ngubani uStephen Hawking? Ubomi nomsebenzi kaStephen Hawking

Ngubani uStephen Hawking? Lo mbuzo ucelwa ngabantu abaninzi abaqala ukubona inzululwazi kumabonwakude okanye bafunde amanqaku akhe. Iiprofesa ziyakwazi ukufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo - kwiindaba, iinkqubo malunga nendawo, iincwadi zezenzululwazi kunye nakwiimiboniso zeTV ezizithandayo. Abantu abaninzi banombuzo othi: "Inzululwazi kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile - yintoni igama lakhe?" Impendulo nguStephen Hawking. I-biography enefoto izokukunceda ukuba ufumane malunga nalo mntu ocebileyo ngakumbi.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Usosayensi waseBrithani wazalwa e-Oxford, ngoJanuwari 8, 1942. Uyise, uFrank, wasebenza kwiziko lophando lwezeMpilo likaHalstead, kwaye unina, u-Isabelle, wasebenza apho njengobhala. UStefano unabantakwabo 2-uFilipu noMary kunye no-Edward umntakwabo.

Ixesha elizayo lenzululwazi lakhula njengomntwana oqhelekileyo kwaye alubonisanga naziphi na izakhono ezigqwesileyo. Wayekuthanda ukuqokelela ii-locomotives zombane aze aqokelele imizekelo yamasu ahlukeneyo.

Ngokomama, uStephen wayesele esikolweni njengososayensi omncinci onomfanekiso wakhe onzima, iiglasi ezinkulu kunye nokuthanda ingxoxo yesayensi. Oontanga bamthiya nguZubril no-Einstein, kodwa naphezu kwezi zibizo, i-sayensi yayingeyena mfundi obalaseleyo. Wakhetha i-physics, i-mathematics kunye ne-chemistry, kunye nakwezinye iinzululwazi zazingenandaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukulinganisa kwamvumela ukuba angene kwiYunivesithi yase-Oxford.

Izifo

Eyunivesithi, uStephen Hawking wayenomdla wobomi obonwabileyo, waya kwimibutho kwaye wayedla. Wachitha ixesha elithile efunda kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyo. Kukho imeko xa i-Hawking yenza umsebenzi omnye ngosuku, apho afunda nabo abazange bakwazi ukulawula iiveki.

Ngomnyaka wesithathu, i-Hawking yaqala ukuphawula ngokungahambi kakuhle, wayedla ngokuwa kwaye alahle izinto. Emva kwesinye ukuwa okukhulu, waphendukela kugqirha, kodwa loo mayeza ayifumananga isizathu sokukhathazeka kwaye wacebisa umfundi ukuba aphuze ubhiya obuncinane aze aphumle.

UStephen wagqiba izifundo zakhe e-Oxford ngokungafani. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ekufumaneni i- degree yezesayensi kwi-physics yayinguCambridge. Iimeko zempilo yenzululwazi yenzeke ngakumbi kwaye ingabikho nto ingasayi kubakho ukukhathala okanye ukungabikho kwengqondo. Xa uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, u-Hawking wabiza ugqirha kwakhona.

Ngeli xesha, kwenziwa isifundo esibi ngakumbi. Oogqirha bafumene ukuba eso sifo siyaqhubeka kwaye uSteven akayekanga esaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwembini. I-lateral atrophic sclerosis (isifo seLou-Goering) sisifo esitshabalalisa iiseli zesigulane ezinoxanduva lokulawula izihlunu. Ukugula kuyaqhubeka, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe umqhubi wemoto uyaphela, ukukhubazeka kubakho kwaye ekugqibeleni izihlunu zokuphefumula ziyalahla, ezikhokelela ekufeni.

Njengomthetho, esi sifo esibulalayo senzeke kwiminyaka engama-50 ubudala, kwaye izigulana ziyafa zingakapheli iminyaka engama-2.5 emva kokuxilongwa. Ngaphandle kwemithetho yomthetho nguProfesa uStephen Hawking. I-biography yenzululwazi inokuba yinto emfutshane, kodwa ngoku uneminyaka engama-73 ubudala.

Ubomi bomntu

Ngubani uStephen Hawking? Akunjalo kuphela ososayensi odumileyo, obengumntu ohlala ebudeni bakhe bomi, kodwa noyise onomdla noomkhulu. Uthando olutsha kunye nolutsha lwamncedisa lo mfana ukuba alungele ubomi obutsha emva kokuxilongwa. Esi sifo saphuthuka ngokukhawuleza, okwamvumela uStephen ukuba athatyathele kancane kwiimeko zakhe.

Ukudandatheka kunye nesimo esingathembekiyo kunceda ukunqoba impumelelo emsebenzini kunye nokuqala kobudlelwane nentombazana encinane uJane Wilde. Umfazi wexesha elizayo waba ngumncedisi, umncedisi kunye nomhlobo ongcono kunosayensi. Ukuze bakwazi ukukhusela imali yabo kwikamva, i-Hawking yaqala ukusebenza ngokusebenzayo. Ngo-1965 watshata noJane emva konyaka wobudlelwane. Ngo-1967, waphoqeleka ukuba aqale ukusebenzisa iinqonga kwaye ngomnyaka ofanayo owokuzalwa kwakhe wazalwa. Abanye abantwana ababini uStefano badibana sele behlala kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile.

Ngowe-1985, ngexesha lokuya e-Geneva, i-Hawking yagula ngenxa ye-pneumonia. Esi sifo singozi kakhulu kubantu abane-scalosis. UStefano wayenzima kakhulu, kwaye oogqirha bacebisa ukuba uJane avumele ukuba indoda yakhe yokufa igule ukufa. Kodwa lona wesifazane wagqiba ukulwa nobomi bendoda yakhe ekupheleni aze amthumele ekhaya, waya eCambridge, apho wakwazi ukulwa nesifo. Ukuququzelela ukuphefumula, oogqirha baphoqeleka ukuba baphathe i-tracheotomy. Usosayensi ulahlekelwe amandla okuthetha ngonaphakade.

UJane wayenzima ukusebenzisana nabantwana abathathu nomyeni wakhe, ngoko emva kokusebenza kwabo baqeshe umhlengikazi u-Elaine Mason. Ngenxa yokungavumelani kunye nesimo esinzima endlwini, uStephen waqhekeza nomkakhe waza wathuthela kwikhaya lomhlengikazi wakhe ngo-1990. Umtshato wakhe umtshato waqulunqwa ngowe-1991, ngo-1995 u-Elaine washada u-Elaine.

Umtshato wabo wahlala iminyaka eyi-11 kwaye wahamba kunye neentlobo ezininzi ezityandayo. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba loo nto ibhinqa ngaphandle kweenjongo zamagosa kwaye yamphatha kakubi umyeni wayo. Ngo-2004, uStephen wabizwa ngokuba kubuza amapolisa, ngoko wachaza imvelaphi yenzakalo emininzi. Inzululwazi yamphika isityholo kumfazi wayo, kodwa isatshatyalaliswa emva kweminyaka emi-2. Namhlanje engatshatanga kwaye uxhulumana ngokusondeleyo nabantwana bakhe nabazukulwana bakhe.

I sihlalo

Ngowe-1970, i-Hawking yayingasakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimeleyo kwaye isebenzise isitulo sabakhubazekile, isiqhelo sokuqala, kamva nge-motor air. Ngubani uStephen Hawking ngaphandle kwesihlalo sakhe, evumela ukuba uprofesa aqhubeke esebenza nangona yakhe imeko yezempilo? Yomfanekiso wenzululwazi enkulu, ehlanganiswe nezixhobo zesekhnoloji ezikhunjulwayo kwi-townfolk. Ngenxa yomdla kumntu wakhe, enye yeengingqi zomsebenzi wakhe, i-Hawking yakhetha ukupapasha isayensi.

Emva kwe-prenesennoy tracheotomy, umsebenzi wezenzululwazi wathingwa, ngenxa yokuba wayengenakukwazi ukuthetha. Kwakudingeka asebenzise amakhadi ngeencwadi, ebonisa ukunyanzeliswa okufunekayo kweelishi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwegama elinye kuthathe umzuzu. Ukuphumelela kwangempela kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana kwakusetyenziswa ikhompyutha. Iskrini siqhawula iileta namagama, ongayichaza ngokuchofoza umunwe kwiqhosha lokunqakraza.
Injineli uDavid Mason wanceda ukudala ikhompyutha ephathekayo engasifakwa kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile, kwaye yanika uHawking ngezwi lakhe elidumiweyo lekhompyutheni ngegama laseMelika. Ngendlela, uStefano ubona eli lizwi njengekhadi lakhe lokubiza kwaye akalilahli xa kuphuculwa i-hardware kunye nesofthiwe.

Ngoku ke iminwe yenzululwazi ikhubazekile kwaye yena, kunye nomncedisi wakhe, wasungula inkqubo entsha yokunxibelelana. Ngoku ikhompyutha ingalawulwa isebenzisa inzwa ye-infrared eye ibamba umhlathi wesihlathini sokunene.

Umsebenzi wezesayensi

Ubume bemigodi emnyama ngenye yeendawo uStephen Hawking unomdla kuzo. Usosayensi owaziwayo ngumnye wabasunguli be-cosm cosmology. Iziphumo zakhe zenze i-furor kwintlalo yesayensi. Unjingalwazi ukholelwa ukuba umgodi omnyama awufumani ulwazi ngaphandle kokulandelelana, kwaye uphazamisa kwaye ukhutshwa njengokuba kuphuma umkhuhlane. Le mijelo ibizwa ngokuba yi-Hawking.

Uprofesa akasebenzi nje kuphela kwiincwadi zokubhala kunye namanqaku, kodwa naye unikela iintetho zomphakathi, uya kwiinkomfa zenzululwazi ehlabathini lonke, eneenkwenkwezi kwiinkqubo zethelevishini kwaye unika iingxoxo-ndlebe. Uxubusha ukuphuhliswa kwengqiqo yolwazi kunye nolunye uhlobo lweeplanethi, luncedisa uphando lwezokwelapha kwaye unomdla ekudaleni iziganeko eziza kwenza abantu abakhubazekileyo baphile ubomi obupheleleyo.

Ukugqithiswa kwezenzululwazi

Ngombulelo ukuqonda kwakhe, uSolwazi uStephen Hawking uninzi kakhulu ekuphakanyiseni isayensi. Incwadi yakhe yokuqala , enesihloko esithi "Imbali emfutshane yexesha" yanyatheliswa ngo-1988, yaba yinto ehamba phambili kakhulu kwaye isasaziwa. Kubhaliwe ngolwimi oluqhelekileyo kubantu abaqhelekileyo, kude nehlabathi lezesayensi.

Ezinye iincwadi eziyaziwayo ze-Hawking zithi "iiHolo eziMnyama kunye neeYunivesithi ezincinci", "Ihlabathi liNgqungquthela". Bachaza iziqulatho ezimnyama, isixhobo sesikhathi-sikhala kunye neBig Bang. Inzululwazi nayo yabhala incwadi yabantwana ekubhaliweyo kunye nentombi yakhe. Uxelela abantwana malunga nezulu kwaye ubizwa ngokuthi "uGeorge kunye neemfihlo zendalo yonke."

UStephen Hawking ngumlobi weenkqubo zenzululwazi ezithandwayo kwindawo "Umhlaba kaStephen Hawking", "Ezulwini kunye neSiven Hawking", "IsiCwangciso EsiPhambili sikaStephen Hawking".

IMedia Media

Igama lootitshala uphethwe ngokubanzi kwimiboniso eyahlukeneyo kunye nemiboniso yeTV, apho uSteven Hawking inxaxheba khona. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi wenzululwazi kuboniswa kwiingqungquthela ezimbini zefilimu "Iingcamango Zento Yonke" kunye ne "Hawking." Unayo i-cameo echungechungeni oludumileyo malunga namafilimu amancinci "I-Big Bang Theory", kunye noluhlu lwe "Star Trek: Isizukulwana Esilandelayo", kunye namazwi akhe kwi "Simpsons" kunye ne "Futurama" uStephen ngokwakhe.

Ukongezelela, umfanekiso wesayensi kwisigxina kunye negama lakhe lisetyenzisiweyo kwinani elikhulu lefilimu ezimnandi, iindidi, iincwadi.

Emva kokubukela amabhayisikobho nokufunda iincwadi zakhe, unokuziphendula ngokuzeleyo umbuzo: "Ngubani uStephen Hawking?".