US uMongameli Pirs Franklin: engobomi, imisebenzi kunye nohlolo

Franklin Pierce - US sikaMongameli 1853-57, ngokulandelelana. we-14 ilandelelana intloko karhulumente akakwazanga kakuhle ukujongana imbambano phezu ubukhoboka kule minyaka ilishumi phambi kwe kweMfazwe Civil le United States 1861-65 biennium.

ubomi Early kunye nomsebenzi

Wazalwa ngomhla 11/23/1804 e Hillsborough, New Hampshire, eUnited States. abazali bakhe Anna Kendrick kunye iRhuluneli of New Hampshire Pirs Bendzhamin. Franklin Pierce waya Bowdoin College e Maine, wafunda umthetho e Northampton, Massachusetts, kwaye wafumana iziqu zakhe umthetho ngo-1827. Ngowe-1834, watshata uJane Appleton, uyise owayengumongameli Bodin kunye Whig abadumileyo. Esi sibini wazala oonyana abathathu wafa ezelwe.

Pirs Franklin wangena ubomi zopolitiko New Hampshire njenge Democrat baza bakhonza kwindlu yowiso-mthetho zikarhulumente (1829-33), i-US House of Representatives (1833-37) neNdlu Yeengwevu (1837-42). Handsome, nangoovumazonke, uyathandeka, nokuba isilungiseleli seglosi yangaphandle Pierce efumaneka Congress nabahlobo abaninzi, kodwa umsebenzi wakhe kuphumla loo nto ayizange emangalisayo. Waye lweli azinikele kaMongameli Endryu Dzheksona, kodwa rhoqo bahamba amanani amakhulu kwaye laziwa kakhulu kwezopolitiko. Emva kokuyeka iNdlu Yeengwevu ngenxa yezizathu zobuqu, wabuyela Concord, apho waqala ukwenza umthetho baza bakhonza njengoko Federal District Attorney.

Kuphakanyiswa ukuba uMongameli

Ngaphandle yegosa inkonzo elifutshane ngexesha Mexican-American War (1846-48), Pierce wahlala ngaphandle ingqalelo zoluntu ukuya Convention National Democratic ngo-1852. Emva ukwenzeka ukudlala ngokulingana phakathi abaxhasi phambili contenders kamongameli Kesasa Lewis, uStephen Douglas noYakobi Buchanan umfelandawonye New England kunye nabathunywa esemazantsi uye wachongwa ngeentombi Hickory (Endryu Dzhekson yayisaziwa ngokuba Old Hickory), kunye Pierce Franklin ukhethwe 49 xa kunyulwa National Congress iqela Democratic ngo-1852 kwi-Kuqhutywa iphulo yonyulo lukamongameli yayisonganyelwa mpikiswano kanti urhwebo-off ngo-1850. Nangona zombini Democrats kunye Whigs wathi ngokwabo abalandeli bakhe wabonakala kuququzelelwa ngakumbi.

Franklin Pierce - uMongameli

Ngenxa yoko, phantse engaziwayo kwinqanaba likazwelonke ngokungalindelekanga oyisiwe ngumviwa ngoNovemba unyulo, phambili ikholeji lonyulo ye-sicelo evela Whig Winfield Scott 254 iivoti nxamnye 42. ngokoyisa Franklin Pierce lwaba yintlekele ezenzeka kwiiveki ezimbalwa phambi yokuvulwa yakhe, xa yena nomfazi wakhe siye sabona ukuba ukufa kaloliwe kuphela umntwana ukusinda, uBenny yabo eneminyaka eli-11 ubudala. ngoko Jane, ngubani usoloko wamelana candidacy yendoda yakhe, akazange aphinde ngokupheleleyo yokothuka.

Ngexesha lonyulo Pierce wayeneminyaka engama-47 ubudala. Waba umongameli omncinane kwimbali US. Ukunikezela ngasempumalanga Democratic Party, ngenxa imvisiswano nempumelelo zoshishino ayizange ukuxhasa ukuphikiswa kukurhweba ngamakhoboka wazama ukuqinisekisa southerners, Pirs Franklin wazama ukufikelela umanyano ngokusungula ibe amarhamente akhe ofisi izikhundla kakhulu macala omabini.

angaphandle

Kwakhona wazama ukuba abeke kude ezingangqinelaniyo nzima, ukuvelela, kwaye ngamandla nokukhuthaza ukwandiswa umdla sobummandla kunye nezorhwebo yaseUnited States amazwe. Kwiphulo kuthenga kwisiqithi Cuba, wayalela US inxusa eSpeyin ukuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifuthe bezimali yaseYurophu ukuba urhulumente weli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-Oktobha 1854 kwabakho ingxelo ozakuzo, eyaziwa ngokuba Ostend Manifesto. Kwabonwa yi the American luluntu njengoko umnxeba nokuze Cuba esandleni kwelaseSpani amandla xa kuyimfuneko. Impikiswano elandelayo kwanyanzeleka ulawulo ukuba ashiye uxanduva uxwebhu kwaye khumbula unozakuzaku.

Ngowe-1855, waseMelika Uilyam Uoker wenza i uhambo kuMbindi Melika ithemba ukuseka kukho ilawulwa ngurhulumente United States exhasa ubukhoboka. ENicaragua, wathi yena nozwilakhe wamajoni, ngoko uMongameli kunye ulawulo lwakhe ezingaqondakaliyo nokwazeka yi Administration Pierce.

impumelelo irobust ezongeziweyo zokubonisana wayelindele hambo phantsi ngokomyalelo Mettyu car, bathumela 1853 nguMongameli Millard Fillmore eJapan. Ngowe-1854, Pirs Franklin Perry ifumene ingxelo ukuba uhambo lwakhe lube yimpumelelo kwaye neenqanawa US aye kufikelela kumazibuko Japanese.

ULawulo lukaMongameli kwakhona Sikwahlengahlengise inkonzo noonozakuzaku abanokuzimela kwaye wadala kwiNkundla yamaBango.

nkqubo yasekhaya

Pierce ulungiselela ukuba ukwakhiwa zikaloliwe transcontinental kunye ukuvulwa US kumntla-ntshona kulendawo. Ngowe-1853, ngenjongo yokulungiselela indlela emazantsi kwi California, United States inxusa Mexico Dzheyms Gadsden, wavuma ukuba bathenge eziyi phantse-30 amawaka. M. ibanga nsimu $ 10 million. Ngowe-1854, ukukhuthaza abantwana abafudukela kwiphondo emntla, nokukhuthaza ukwakhiwa indlela engundoqo i-Pacific Ocean Pierce utyikitye Kansas-Nebraska Act. Ilinganisa ngazo ukulungisa kwimimandla emibini emitsha avuleka kuquka ukupheliswa i-Missouri Compromise ngo-1820, sizimisele ukuba isithintelo lobukhoboka ngasentla 36 ° 30 'ekwizibanzi ngasentla, kunye nemeko ukuba simahla okanye ikhoboka ubume yommandla kufuneka imiselwe nabantu basekuhlaleni. Lo mthetho uye wabangela nobudenge Kansas ekuqaleni imfazwe, nezithe kule mihla sizathu siphambili nokukhula Republican Party kwiminyaka yoo-1850.

Retirement nokufa

Ngenxa ukungakwazi uMongameli ukusombulula imeko Democrats wala Pierce kwakhona yokutyumba-, kwaye Yena ke uyintloko kuphela eUnited States, nto leyo eye wala ukuba babe iqela. Emva uhambo olude eYurophu, wazinza Concord. Soloko kakubi utywala, aqala ibe benxilile mkhulu wafa ekuhlweni-Oktobha 8, 1869.

Le ababengooMongameli be-United States Dzheyms Byukenen, Endryu Dzhonson ne Franklin Pierce, owayesebenza ngaphambili nasemva kweMfazwe Civil, iyaqwalaselwa phakathi yimbi kwimbali yelizwe. Ngokutsho ayephila, baba reactionaries, abangazange bafune ukuva ukugxekwa okanye ukuqwalasela ezinye izindululo ukuba nenza okuchasene uluvo loluntu ngokusebenzisa le ngcinga yobukhoboka kunye nobuhlanga.