Francisco Franco: A Biography kunye nomsebenzi zezopolitiko

Xa Civil kweMfazwe Spanish, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Ermenehildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - igama lakhe elipheleleyo) kubhiyozelwa sorokachetyrohletie kodwa kwabonakala sele Ndikruqukile bubomi nangaphezulu kunoko iminyaka yakhe. Ngokwembonakalo ahloniphekayo ubuwongeze ukudinwa, nangona kukho urhanela ukuba kukho nto wayenza ubukhulu becala.

Kwi elifutshane inemilenze, omfutshane, (157 cm), zityebile, a lihlaba ilizwi shrill kunye, izijekulo nzima Gen. German iinkomo zakhe abahlobo-zigwangqa wasala: akazange yamaYuda xa iingcambu zakhe. Kudidekiwe ukuba amabala yayimikhulu kakhulu: usingasiqithi Iberia lukhuselwe e Cordoba kwisinye yesibhozo yabemi Semites. Kukho kwakhona iinkulungwane ezininzi walawula-Arabhu, kwaye Franco wayengekho isiCastilian, kokuba azalelwe Compostela, eyayihlala isiPhuthukezi.

July 18

Njengokuba sisazi, le imini ngowe-1936 yaqala imozulu rhoqo kusasa ukuhlaziya, nto leyo yaba uphawu ekuqaleni mvukelo: ". Kule Spain isibhakabhaka esingenamafu" Imvukelo nxamnye kwiriphabliki uninzi bonke kwaba yi Republican. Leftists zonke imibala ayenamandla urhulumente: i Democrats Social, kunye wobusoshiyali, kwaye Trotskyites, kunye anarchists - kunye icala-iphiko lasekhohlo lungadlulanga usuku steepened.

Impi yokulwela, isiphithiphithi, nezidubedube ezoqoqosho ejongene namazwe ukuwa kunye chaos. Bangene kwabantu kwezopolitiko, endaweni yokuba abantu babenikela amazwi kuphela ukusebenza, yamahlwempu Spanish wayengasakwazi ukondla isipho neqela kweenkokeli, abaphembeleli-nabakhohlisi, norhwebo free kwavalwa yi Republican. Kulo meko, kuqala ezopolitiko akwazi ukufumana indawo ephakathi, ukusuka ekhohlo kakhulu, waza wakhawuleza ukuya ngasekunene.

ayifumanekanga Iziko kwamandla kunye ngokwemiqathango kokuxhumana nomdla. ESpeyin, uninzi lonke igunya waye yamaKatolika iCawa njengeziko ubuxoki. Nanamhla oku, Spain - lilizwe abantu kakhulu zonqulo. Nangona Republic akazange abe nobuganga ukwenza de-lobuKristu, ingcinezelo bekusekho, ngoko, xa ubuso kwebandla, baza igazi yotshaba, kwaye iinginginya abathembekileyo - iintshaba phambi kwexesha efihlakeleyo.

Abaxhasi of Francisco Franco

iimpawu lasekunene akulungile; ukuba olawulwa misoneism kwezopolitiko exineneyo obscurantism. abanini yeengcungcu ibe izidwangube umyalelo mossy buwukhanyisela phezulu kuziqhusheka phandle nasihlahla sakhe esifubeni, kuba kaloku ngesiqhelo hayi imali imvukelo. Kungenxa yoko le nto amaNazi Spanish wacela uncedo evela eItali iJamani, kunye nomkhosi baqashwa ukusuka abalimi bazilungiselela bona baqesha abatoli-neyabemi Arab eMorocco.

Republican zange asindiswe kummandla zalo naluphi na uhlobo yoohlohlesakhe, kodwa lwamaNazi akukho ndlela obuphantsi kubo nenkohlakalo. Kunoko, bona eziplagwe xa nebhanti yakhe. Abo bavukeli wathabatha phezu kwamagxa izilogani, akazange ayithande le zwilakhe German kwaye Italian baseSpeyin zwilakhe wayefuna 'abantu, ukumkani kunye nokholo. "

Ndimele ndithi, uMussolini wamcekisa neNgonyama kunye nebandla wayengenandaba kuye. Hitler wamthiya Christianity and kwamaJuda. Francisco Franco waba sehlabathi: Spanish kuba kuye bonke abemi, ngaphandle kokwahlulwa ngobuhlanga kunye wesizwe. ideology balo baba Catholic, yaye uza kulubuyisela ezasebukhosini.

Uqhubela phantsi emlilweni

Umi intloko lizwe, Francisco Franco Bahamonde zange bazive bezithembile. Ngenxa yokuba isikhundla kwakunzima kakhulu. Indlela ukutsala eSpeyin kule eyana, lo gama kugcinwe amandla, wayengazi. I kuphela babona ukuba kuphela eqondisa lithemba unako ukuphumeza isisombululo kwezi imibuzo emibini.

Francisco Franco waqonda ukuba uMussolini kunye uHitler mfuneko sesenza imfazwe ehlabathini. Ke ngoko, ukuba uthe walizuza ihlabathi, leze Spain ukuba bazuze, kwaye ukuba ulahlekelwe, Spain iya kuyeka ukusebenza.

Kwaye Francisco Franco, ogama engobomi eyayenzeke konke oku eqondisa eningenakukholwa yiyo, wathi cala. izimbo Friendly, Kakade, waya egxalabeni uHitler, kodwa ke le kulowo othe qelele kude.

izenzo ngamazwi

Umzekelo, Franco wavumela lweenqanawa ezintywilayo German kunye iinqanawa ezisekelwe kwi kumazibuko iSpanish, ngokubanika icuba, orenji kunye namanzi acocekileyo. Kwakhona wathabatha iinqanawa evela Argentina kunye nenyama kunye ingqolowa eJamani, bavumelekile ukuba ukuthwala bonke nge eSpeyin. Kodwa, xa imfazwe ne-Russia, hayi subordinated kwizahlulo Wehrmacht wathumela umva. imikhosi German kwi kummandla Spain sele esingaqalwanga.

Francisco Franco, luphindo kunye neengxelo nje eziye kufikelela kuthi izixa ayinkulwanga kakhulu, unozakuzaku yaseJamani wathi: "Umgaqo-nkqubo ikulumkele kuphela iimfuno Spain It efunekayo Germany Ukususela eSpeyin, enika Germany Tungsten kunye nezinye iimveliso ezinqabileyo ngoku .. eJamani, kubaluleke ngaphezu eSpeyin, inxaxheba emfazweni. "

Franco wavumela ukuba bathethe ngembeko malunga Churchill, eNgilani ukugcina ubudlelwano nayo. Wathetha malunga Stalin ngaphandle imvakalelo kakhulu. Kohlanga amaYuda phantsi uzwilakhe wayengekho kubo nkqu amanyathelo ezingqongqo azisuswanga. Kungenxa yoko le nto emva kwemfazwe eSpeyin zingafakwanga amajoni zokusebenzisana anti-Hitler: ngezizathu ezisesikweni yayingekabikho.

German amagosa omkhosi kunye abakhulu wazama ukufihla eSpeyin, uzwilakhe othile in Latin America. Le iqondo eliphezulu ukujika ufanelwe zokufunda. Ngenxa ngakumbi - ukususela ekuqaleni caudillo Francisco Franco.

empini zamafa

Caudillo - intloko karhulumente ubomi. Le umphathi Spanish ufikelele liphezulu naphezu yokuba wazalwa ngo-1892 kwidolophu eselunxwemeni El Ferrol, eseGalicia, kwintsapho enkulu kwigosa elula isiseko yomkhosi ekufutshane. Ngubani wabanikela intsapho yakhe waza washiya phakathi nabanye abantwana abaselula Francisco Franco, ( "idada") ogama isiqhulo sele uPaquito. Ngokwendalo, lo mfana waba nokuba bagxila ngakumbi imfihlo.

I Military Academy of Toledo, ikomkhulu aphakathi kweli lizwe, uzwilakhe elizayo wachitha kwasebuncinaneni bakhe ayikho luvuyo kakhulu. Ibhityileyo, undersized, kuncothulwa kude ukusuka kumama notata ayishiya intloko yakhe sokuvalwa isifundo yaye wenza inkqubela kweli candelo. Kamva, kakade inkonzo, Francisco eziphambili ziye asiguqukanga, yaye engamashumi amathathu anesithathu, waba Jikelele - Jikelele phantsi kwakhe ngelo xesha ndandingekho Spain okanye eYurophu.

Morocco

Phambi ko-1926 - wakhonza koloni, Morocco, apho inxalenye iButho iSpanish, kuyo abaziindlodlo ezininzi zentlalo. Kuya kuba amandla engundoqo ugwayimbo, xa Francisco Franco kunye nexesha lakhe uya kufuna ingqalelo ekhawulezileyo.

Ngeli xesha, uzwilakhe elizayo sele utshatile Carmen Polo, lo noblewoman amanene abafuna iminyaka emithandathu. UKumkani Alfonso XIII ngokwakhe imbeko emtshatweni wabo kunye noyise posazhonnym a jikelele elizayo ngayo. Kule umtshato intombi - Maria del Carmen - emva kokubuyela eSpeyin.

irekhodi

Uzwilakhe belo xesha, owayelawula lizwe - Primo de Rivera - ezine akhademi wamajoni zadityaniswa omnye. Ngoko ke isixeko Zaragoza iye yaba yindawo entsha Fransisko Franko, ogama isiqhulo akukho mntu ubuya ayikhumbule. EyiNtloko General Military Academy ayikwazi kufana ledada. Ngowe-1931, eli ziko kwayekwa.

Okulandelayo umkhondo irekhodi Francisco Franco likhulu kakhulu umdla. Wakhonza phantsi ukumkani, Republican kwaye babebambelele. Kwaye behamba Compostela, kwaye abathintela mvukelo e Asturias, yaye phantse wamgxothela kwiiBalearic uze ke elikwiiCanary Islands, oko kusoloko waya kudlula le nkonzo. Nazi elikwiiCanary Islands waza wafika iitelegram ithunyelwe nge-17 Julayi 1936. Kodwa moya yokuqala Morocco.

fratricide

Kwaye eSpeyin, ekubulaweni uyaqhubeka. Francisco Franco wayesendleleni imvukelo phezulu anti-republic njengoko fascists, monarchists, nangona ubutshaba efanayo, bambona njenge inani ukuvumelana, bakwazi ukufumana zifana ngenxa yesivumelwano yamaqela eziphikisanayo.

Oko Franco wavumelana Hitler and uMussolini kuncedo emkhosini, okwenza ukuba bamthande loyiso phezu Republican. Kwaye kwaba generalissimo. Ke ilizwe iminyaka anegazi emithathu ezilahlekileyo anamanci asixhenxe amawaka abemi balo iimfazwe, kwi amawaka elinesihlanu amathathu amawaka zokuqhushumbisa owalahlwa.

ngemva kwempi

Zonke zango emangalisayo ulawulo negalelo kuphela amandla amandla uzwilakhe kunye nokwandisa intembeko yayo. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I andizanga: civil ngokwaneleyo. Ngenxa amazwe mdibaniso anti-uHitler budlelwane okhohlisayo. kokuba ngaphandle itshintswa kunye iminyaka, uye waba magingxigingxi yaye Circumlocution. Photo Francisco Franco kuloo minyaka ibonisa ngokucacileyo sizithembile umntu elinamandla kunye namehlo lihlaba.

Noko ke, uqoqosho ukuze phantsi imfazwe yamakhaya, ukuba kuziswe yonke ayiphumelelanga ukusuka isiqaqa. autarky unamathele nokulawulwa imo kuqoqosho, Franco ayikwazanga ukugcina utshintsho. Eli lizwe iye silinene kwezoqoqosho, zorhwebo eyinkunzi ngumsinga ukuya kwamanye amazwe ukuya eSpeyin.

Umendo ezasebukhosini

I-UN wawulahla urhulumente Franco nje lozwilakhe, kodwa phantse onke amazwe Western inkxaso umntu umnqwazi anti-ubukomanisi. Ngowe-1969, uzwilakhe ngamandla oneminyaka wathi ezihlangwini zakhe, uJuan Carlos, Prince, umzukulwana ka-Alfonso - uyise posazhonnogo Franco yamsitho. Ngokuthe ngcembe Spain wabuyela kwidemokhrasi neNgonyama siseko. Kodwa kude 1975, xa kuthe kwehla, nangoku kude kakhulu kude.

Imeko post-imfazwe kwakukubi kakhulu. ESpeyin, ngoncedo lwezimali asamkelwa, i-UN akuvumelekanga de kwangowe-1955, NATO akazange athathe. Ukususela ngo-1947, lo caudillo emehlweni inxaxheba bekhulisa inkosana minor, kukuze bayahlelwa kumkani. Wayesiya ibandla kunye naye, bethetha, funda kuye, eqonda ukuba ukumkani kuba yokudlala engalungiswanga ezandleni kubahloli okanye intriguers, aya konakalisa lizwe, abakwazi ukumelana kunye nelifa ossified.

ulawulo Conservative yobuzwe kweli lizwe yimithetho emkhosini-oligarchic. Print - kuhlolwa nenkcaso lezopolitiko - ingcinezelo, amaqela kunye norhwebo imibutho - isalelo epheleleyo, umsebenzi efihlakeleyo - isohlwayo sentambo. Okokuqala - ingqeqesho. Nkqu ibandla wayalelwa ukuba ukwandisa inani iimonki, lizibandakanya nangakumbi kwimisebenzi yehlabathi.

sinjalo kwezoqoqosho

Ngowe-1955, Spain weZizwe eziManyeneyo yamkelwe, waza waqalisa yotshintsho ngokuthe ngcembe. Technocrats, abachasi amakheswa eli lizwe ukususela nefuthe loqoqosho eyinkunzi amazwe (autarky), bafumana ulawulo phezu kwezoqoqosho. Mboleko afunyenwe ngokwesicwangciso lokujamelana kwezoqoqosho nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe, ulawulo yolawulo buthathaka phezu kuqoqosho.

capital Foreign owehla umlambo ebanzi eSpeyin, lo peseta waba ukuguqulelwa ngokukhululekileyo. Kodwa Franco zilandelwe ngokusondeleyo ukuya kwidemokhrasi ayikhange eyangena ngayo ubomi yentlalo nopolitiko loluntu. Kuphela sphere kuqoqosho yavulwa kuye. Ngoko ke, de uzwilakhe ngo-Novemba 1975, Spain Le yayiyimeko ngegqudu.

Iincwadi zokufunda ezixabisa

"Imfihlelo bokuphathisana of Madrid", "Francisco Franco kunye nexesha lakhe" kunye nezinye iincwadi ngokucokisekileyo zityhila ikhosi kweziganeko Spain phantse leminyaka. umsebenzi ulwazi kakhulu oku. Wabhala USvetlana Pozharsky wabo. Francisco Franco, uzwilakhe kunye wenguquko umngeni umfundi yonke ekukhuleni kwakhe luphantsi kwaye yenza konke yena isimilo sakhe ingxilimbela. Pozharskaya wayesenza yokuqala ngodaba lethu ilizwe Franco, nesigubungelo yonke ubomi caudillo kunye abanentsukaphi enabileyo yembali. Apha kukho uhlalutyo unwrapped yeentlekele kuluntu kunye noonobangela Francoism. Igalelo hispanism Russian S. P. Pozharskoy waye kakhulu eSpeyin.

Ukukhangelwa intatheli ngowaphelayo kwakhokelela bebone into eyothusayo: umbhali obafunyanwa nguye eSpeyin ethi "Freemasonry" - Francisco Franco, owasebenzisa elabo for iyelenqe. Lo msebenzi - umsebenzi omkhulu ifilosofi itulo ithiyori, kukho ziyachazwa iindlela ezininzi ukulawula abantu abakhulu, ukuqaliswa ngamandla ngabameli Freemasonry.