UThixo uApollo - unqulo lwangaphambili lwesiGrike elangeni

Iimbali ezintle zeGrisi yamandulo kunye nenkolo yobuhedeni zaye zachaphazela kakhulu ukuphuhlisa inkcubeko yehlabathi. Phakathi kwezinto ezilishumi elinambini ezingapheliyo ezihleli e-Olympus, enye yezona zihloniphekileyo kwaye zintanda phakathi kwabantu zaza zahlala zinguThixo uApollo. Ngesidima sakhe sakha iitempile ezizukileyo kunye neemifanekiso ezidalwa. Kwakubonakala kuhlanganiswa ubuhle obungapheli obulawula kumculo nakubongozi. Ubunjenge-Sun-efana nobuthixo obuninzi begolide ukuya kulolu suku kukuba kuthiwa ubulutsha, ubulumko, italente kunye nobabalo.

U-Apollo unkulunkulu welanga

Umphezulu wegrike wamaGrisi ungowomninimandla noTehu othuthumelayo, kodwa okwesibini emva kwakhe nguApollo - unyana wakhe othandekayo. AmaGrike asendulo ayemjonga njengonkulunkulu weLanga kunye nobugcisa, phakathi kweyiphi indima ephambili edlalwa ngumculo. Ubunjengobufana obufana nelanga babuye balondoloza isiprofeto kunye nobugcisa bokugqithisa. Wayekwixesha elifanayo ummiselo kunye nomphathi, umkhuseli wabelusi kunye nemiyalelo esemthethweni. Umphathiswa weyeza, uApollo ngelo xesha unokuthumela izifo. Kwimbali yamaRoma, njengesiGrike, lo thixo wayebizwa ngokuba nguApollo, kodwa noFebebus, okuthethi "ukukhanya," "kuqaqambile," "kucocekile."

U-Apollo, unkulunkulu waseGrisi, wayehlala ebonakaliswa ukuhamba okanye ukuma umfana omhle onothambo olungenalini, enezinwele zegolide, egosa emoyeni waza ekhonkxiwe nge- laurel ehloniphekileyo. Kwizandla zakhe ugcina iimpawu zakhe ezingenakwenzeka - i-lyre nesaphetha, isibalo sakhe sinamandla nesibindi. Isimboli se-Apollo yiLanga.

Ukuzalwa kwesithixo esihle

Ngokweengcamango, unkulunkulu uApollo wayengunyana kaZeus kunye noTtanide Leto (wayeyintombi ye-titan). Ngaphambi kokuba unkulunkulu ozayo abe khona, ihlobo kwakufuneka lijonge ixesha elide ukufihla kwingqumbo kaThimerakazikazikazi - umfazi kaZeus osemthethweni. UMama Apollo akakwazanga ukufumana indawo yokukhusela naphi na. Kwaye xa kuphela ixesha lokuzala, wayekhuselwe kwisiqithi saseDelos. Ukuzalwa okubuhlungu kwahlala iintsuku ezithoba kunye nobusuku. U-Hera wempindezelo akazange avumele i-Ilifia, uthixokazi wokubeletha, ukunceda ihlobo.

Ekugqibeleni, umntwana ozelwe nguThixo wazalwa. Kwathi ngomhla wesixhenxe wenyanga, phantsi kwesundu. Yingakho loo sixhenxe yaba yinyani engcwele emva koko, kunye nomthi wesundu wamandulo, ekhula kuDelos, kwixesha la mandulo abaninzi abahambahambayo bafuna ukunqula indawo yokuzalwa ka-Apollo.

UApollo noArtemis

Kodwa unqulo lwangaphambili lwesiGrike uApollo azalwanga yodwa, kodwa ngoodade owaziwa ngu-Aritemis, owaziwa kuthi njengothixokazi wokuzingela. UMzalwan 'udade babengumcebisi. Isaphetha kunye neentolo ze-Apollo zenziwe ngegolide, kwaye izixhobo zika-Aritemis ziyesiliva. Intombazana yazalwa ngaphambili. Kwaye, njengoko uHomer ebhala, nguye owamfundisa umntakwabo umva.

Bobabini amawele ahlala ehlasele ithagethi ngaphandle kokuphosoka, ukufa kwiintolo zabo kwakulula kwaye ayibuhlungu. Umzalwana noodade babenamandla okumangalisa ukuphela ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwentombazana (intombazana yachithwa phakathi kwemithi yehlathi, kwaye le nsizwa yahlala phantsi kwi-Hyperborea). Bobabini bahlonishwa ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kwabo.

Uthando olungonwabiyo

Oku kuyazwakala kungaqhelekanga, kodwa unkulunkulu oqaqambileyo u-Apollo wayengathandanga ngothando. Nangona inxalenye ubeka ityala ngaye. Kwakungekho mfuneko ukuhleka i-Eros, ethi wayenalo ukuchaneka kwe-archery. Ngempindiselo kumculi uApollo, uthixo wothando wathinta intliziyo ngentloko yegolide, enye itolo (uthando olunyanyekayo), u-Erot wakhululwa entliziyweni yama-nymphs kaDaphne.

U-Apollo, wayexeliswe ngothando lwakhe, waqala ukuphandula intombazana, kodwa uDaphne, ngokukrakra, wagijimela kwintombi yomlambo - uyise. Yaye yajika yakhe intombi ibe ngumthi we-laurel. Kwaye emva koko, uthando lwabutsha olungenakususwa aluzange ludlulele. Ukususela ngoku, i-laurel yaba ngumthi wakhe oyingcwele, kwaye i-wreath, eboshwe kwimiqabunga yakhe, yayigqobile ngonaphakade intloko kaThixo.

Ngalolu hlobo luthando luka-Apollo aluzange luphele. Emva kokuthandwa nguCassandra - intombi ka-Priam (ukumkani waseTroy) kunye neHecuba. UApollo wanika intombazana ngesipho sokubhula, kodwa wathatha ilizwi kuye ukuba ekumbuyeleni wayemnika uthando lwakhe. UCassandra wamkhohlisa unkulunkulu, waza wabuyisela, ebenjenjalo ukuba abantu bangakholelwa ekuprofetheni kwakhe, becinga ukuba umprofetikazi abe ngumntu onqabileyo. Intombazana eyintlungu ngexesha leMfazwe yeTrojan yazama ukuxelisa abantu baseTroy malunga neengozi ebasongelayo, kodwa abazange bamkholelwe. Kwaye uTroy wabanjwa yiintshaba.

Unyana ka-Apollo

Oothixo ongcwele onqulo olunyulwa ngabantu base-Asclepius (iAesculapius kwinguqulo yamaRoma) uthathwa njengonyana ka-Apollo. Wazalelwa ekufeni, emva koko wafumana isipho sokungafi ngenxa yokukwazi kwakhe ukuphilisa abantu. U-Asclepius wakhuliswa yi-chiron yeColon eyinhlakaniphileyo, owayemfundisa ukuba aphilise. Kodwa kungekudala umfundi wayedlula umcebisi wakhe.

Unyana ka-Apollo wayengumgqirha onetalente kangangokuthi wayezavusa abantu abafileyo. Oothixo bamthukuthelela ngenxa yoko. Emva koko, ukuvusa abantu, u-Asclepius waphule umthetho owamiselwa oothixo baseOlimus. UZeus wamxabela ngombane wakhe. Unkulunkulu ongumGrike u-Apollo wafumana nokufa kwonyana wakhe ngokubulala amaCyclops, owathi, ngokwembali, wabumba iPeruns (iindudumo kunye nombane owenziwe ngeTeus zensimbi). Nangona kunjalo, u-Asclepius waxolelwa waza wabuya ebukumkanini bafileyo ngo-moyr (unkulunkulukazi wexesha elizayo). Wanikwa ukungafi kunye nesihloko sothixo wokuphilisa kunye neyeza.

Umculi kaThixo

U-Apollo - unkulunkulu we-Sun - uhlala ehlangene nathi nale micimbi yeetambo: i-anyanisi kunye ne-lyre. Omnye wabo umvumela ukuba ahlasele ngokucokisekileyo iintolo ekujoliswe kuyo, enye-ukudala umculo omhle. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba amaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kwezo zombini zobugcisa. Emva koko, kwiimeko zombini, kukho indiza ukuya kwelinye injongo. Ingoma ibuye ihambele ngqo ezintliziyweni zabantu kunye nemiphefumlo, njengentsimbi ekujoliswe kuyo.

Umculo we-Apollo ucocekile kwaye ucacile, njengaye. Le nkosi yeengoma iyaxabisa ukucaca kwesandi kunye nokucoca kwamanqaku. Ubugcisa bakhe bomculo buphakamisa umoya wobuntu, banika abantu ingqiqo yokomoya kwaye luphikisana ngokupheleleyo nomculo kaDionysus, ophethe ukunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka nokukhwabanisa.

KwiNtaba iParnassus

Ngokwembali, xa intwasahlobo ifika emhlabeni, unkulunkulu ongumGrike uApollo uya entabeni yaseParnas, ecaleni apho i-Kastalsky iyakrokraza. Ekho apho uhola iingqungquthela kunye nama-muses asemaselula - iintombi zikaZeus: iTalia, i-Melpomene, i-Euterpe, i-Erato, i-Clio, i-Terpsichore, i-Urania, i-Calliope ne-Polygymnia. Bonke abo bangabathengi bobugcisa obuhlukeneyo.

UThixo uApollo no-Muse babumbene isakhiwo esiphezulu apho amantombazana ecula, kwaye uhamba kunye nokucula kwabo bedlala kwi-lyre yabo yegolide. Ngexesha xa i-choir yabo ive, i-nature ayifumanekanga izandi zikaThixo. UZeyus ngokwakhe ngeli xesha uba ngumnene, kwaye umbane ezandleni zakhe uphela, kwaye unkulunkulu ongugazi u-Ares uyalibaleka ngemfazwe. Uxolo noxolo kulawulo kwi-Olympus.

Ukusekwa kwe-oracle ye-Delphic

Xa unkulunkulu u-Apollo wayesesesibelekweni, unina, ngemiyalelo kaHera, waxoshwa kuyo yonke indawo inyoka enobuhlungu i-Python. Kwaye ke, xa wazalwa unkulunkulu omncinane, ngokukhawuleza wayefuna ukuphindiselela zonke iintlungu ezawela kwiLoteo. U-Apollo wathola umonakalo otyhafayo kwindawo eDelph - indawo yokuhlala yasePython. Kwaye kwathiwa yintlanzi inyoka. Ukukhangela kwakhe kwakuyikrakra: isidumbu esikhulu sasiqhayisa iindandatho ezingenakubalwa phakathi kwamatye. Umhlaba wonke wazamazama ngeenyawo zakhe ezinzima, neentaba zagubungela elwandle. Bonke abaphilileyo babethunywe.

Xa uPython yavula umlomo wakhe wokuphefumula umlilo, kwakubonakala ngathi kwanexeshana, kwaye wayedla i-Apollo. Kodwa umzuzwana olandelayo kwakukho ukubetha kweentolo zegolide ezabetha umzimba we-monster, kwaye inyoka yawa. Ngozuko lokunqoba kwakhe iPython, uApollo wasungula eDelphi i-oracle, ukwenzela ukuba ukuthanda kukaZeus kwaziswa kubantu abakuye.

Kodwa, nangona uApollo ethathwa njengonkulunkulu weziprofeto neziprofeto, yena ngokwakhe akazange akwenze. Umfundisi-pythia wanika iimpendulo kwimibandela emininzi yabantu. Ukufika kwimeko yokuqhaqhaqhayisa, waqala ukumemeza ngelizwi elingenakwenzeka, okwakuboniswa ngokokuba ngababingeleli. Bachaza iziprofeto zePythia baze bazidlulisele kubacebisi.

Ukuhlengwa kwetyala

Emva kokuba unkulunkulu uApollo waphalaza igazi likaPonon, ngokutsho kwesigqibo sikaZeus, kwafuneka ahlambuluke esi sono aze ahlawulele. Le nsizwa yaxoshwa eThesaly, ukumkani apho ngelo xesha yayingu-Admit. U-Apollo wayeza kuba ngumalusi, ukuze aphumelele ukukhululwa ngomsebenzi onzima olula. Ngokuthobeka wayedla iintlanga zobukhosi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, ngqo phakathi kwidlelo, azihlaziye ngokudlala ngombhobho onomhlanga olula.

Umculo wakhe wawumnandi kakhulu kangangokuba nezilwanyana zasendle zaphuma ehlathini ukuze ziphulaphule. Xa uApollo - unkulunkulu waseGrisi lasendulo - wayedlala umculo, iingonyama ezibuhlungu kunye nezidumbu ezihamba phambili zihamba phakathi kweenkomo zakhe kunye nezinyamazane kunye ne-chamois. Kukho kwakukho uvuyo noxolo. Ekhaya likaKumkani u-Admet uphumelele. Amahashe kunye nezitiya zakhe zaba yinto efanelekileyo eThesaly. UApollo wanceda uAdmetu kunye nothando. Wanikela ukumkani amandla amakhulu, ngenxa yokuba wayekwazi ukukhwelisa inqwelo yengonyama. Le meko yayisetyenziswe nguyise wesithandwa se-Admet - Alkesta. Kwiminyaka eyisibhozo, uApollo wayekhonza njengomalusi. Emva kokukhulula isono sakhe, wabuyela eDelphi.

IThe Delphic Temple

U-Apollo ungunkulunkulu waseGrisi lasendulo, owathi, njengamanye oothixo abahloniphekileyo, aphefumulwanga. Akunjalo kuphela kwiimifanekiso zemabula kunye neengcamango. Ngesidima sakhe amaGrike akha amaqela amaninzi. Kukholelwa ukuba itempile yokuqala, eyanikezelwa kunkulunkulu weLanga, yakhiwe ngqo kuDelphi, enyaweni ye-Oracles. Inkolelo ithi yayakhiwa ngokupheleleyo ngamagatsha omthilaki. Kakade, ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezibuthakathaka kwakungenakuhlala ixesha elide, kwaye kungekudala isakhiwo esitsha senkcubeko sasivela kule ndawo.

Iyintoni i-akhawunti yethempelesi yase-Apollo eDelphi, iindawo eziyincithakalo eziye zasinda kwixesha lethu, ngoku kunzima ukuthetha, kodwa namhlanje ungabona indlela enhle ngayo le nto ithempile yaseDelph. Iimbali-mlando-izazi-mlando zobugcisa zithi ngaphezu kwendawo yokungena kwindlu engcwele yayibhalwe phantsi kunye nemiyalelo emibini kaThixo, ethi: "Zazi wena" kwaye "Yazi umlinganiselo."

Umfanekiso ogqwesileyo kaThixo

U-Apollo unkulunkulu wasendulo owaphefumlela abaculi abaninzi kunye nabadwebi bemifanekiso ukwenza imisebenzi emihle yobugcisa. Ehlabathini kukho ezininzi iimifanekiso zakhe. Kodwa umfanekiso ogqwesileyo kunabo bonke, apho umfanekiso wesinye sezithixo ezihloniphekileyo zamaGrisi kuboniswa ngumfanekiso wemarble "Apollo Belvedere". Lesi sithombe sikopi, esithathwe yinkosi engaziwayo yaseRoma kwimifanekiso yaseBrithani yangaphambili yaseBrithani, eyayikhonza enkundleni yeAlexandria Omkhulu. Inqobo, ngelanga, ayizange iphile.

Ikopi yeemabula efunyenwe kwi-villa ye-Emperor Nero. Umhla ochanekileyo wokufumanisa awungaziwa, kwenzeka ntoni malunga no-1484 no-1492. Ngo-1506, umsebenzi obalulekileyo wobugcisa wawuziswa kwiVatican waza wafakwa kwiJardinal Belvedere. Ungubani, unkulunkulu u-Apollo? Imifanekiso neefoto, i-alas, inokunika ingcamango jikelele yendlela amaGrike asendulo ayeyibona ngayo. Kodwa into enye ingathethwa ngokuqinisekileyo: I-Apollo nanamhlanje ingaqwalaselwa njengeliso lobuhle besilisa.