Umfanekiso yamandulo yamaGrike, iimpawu zayo, izigaba zophuhliso. imifanekiso zamandulo zamaGrike kunye nababhali babo

Yamandulo Umfanekiso Greek ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi yobuciko na iintlobo ezohlukileyo zelifa lemveli lenkcubeko yelo lizwe. It Ndilizukisile, yazalisekiswa ngoncedo graphic kuthetha ubuhle umzimba womntu, bawo. Noko ke, lungisani nje imigca nondiliseko - iimpawu eziphawula Umfanekiso yamandulo yesiGrike. Ngenxa yokuba isakhono kwabayili balo ukuba bakwazi Kwathi kwanaxa eveliswa sisixhobo ilitye elibandayo iimvakalelo, ndikunike inzulu, iimilo ngendlela ekhethekileyo, ngathi uphefumla ubomi kuzo. Umfanekiso nganye zamandulo zamaGrike eyaziyo, imfihlelo, etsala ukuya ngoku. Works abaculi enkulu musa ukuhamba nabani akanankathalo.

Yamandulo eGrisi, njengezinye iinkcubeko, ixesha ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso yayo. Nganye yabalasela utshintsho kuzo zonke iintlobo zobugcisa ocoliweyo, kuquka imikrolo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukulandelela amanqanaba eziyintloko ukuyilwa kolu hlobo art unakho ngokufutshane ukuchaza iimpawu Umfanekiso yamandulo ZesiGrike ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kuphuhliso sembali yale lizwe.

period lwakudala

ixesha lwakudala - ixesha ukususela 8 ukuya BC ngenkulungwane yesi-6. Umfanekiso yaMandulo ngeli xesha njengoko iimpawu uphawu lokuqala. Libizwa wawubona kuba eziqulathwe imisebenzi indlela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, baye ngokubanzi kakhulu (inani lamantombazana ekuthiwa zokwaleka, amakhwenkwe - Kouros).

Apollo Teneysky

Teneyskogo oqingqiweyo ka Apollo yeyona edume onke amanani isetyenziswayo ngoku ngeli xesha. ukwazi nje ke ngoku elinesibini ezimbalwa. It yenziwe lemabhile. Apholo uchazwa umfana phantsi izandla zakhe, iminwe ndibambe zibe ngamanqindi. Amehlo akhe wayivula yabanzi, ubuso bakhe kubonakala uncumo akudala, awayedla eqingqiweyo, yelo xesha.

amanani female

Images abasetyhini kunye namantombazana yafakwa iinwele esimfaneleko, iimpahla elide, kodwa ezinye ubuhle kakhulu kunye nemigca agudileyo, bumntwisiwe yobabalo, ubufazi.

Lwakudala Umfanekiso Greek wayenayo eminye ukungayelelani ngokwalo. umsebenzi nganye, kwelinye icala, enomtsalane undivingcile imvakalelo kunye lula. Ngokuba eziqaphelekayo enikwe kulo mzobo abantu uphawuleka, njengoko sele sibonile, enye enesiqingatha-uncumo, obanika onobunzulu mfihlakalo.

namhlanje akhiwe Berlin State Museum "I yothixokazi kunye lwerharnate" yenye yezona amanani, eyona yagcinwa phakathi kwezinye eqingqiweyo lwakudala. Xa olinganise "ephosakeleyo," kunye nomfanekiso izandla lirhabaxa zangaphandle, eyenziwe krelekrele eyenziwa ngumbhali, kwatsala ingqalelo kubabukeli. isenzo ezibonisa yokwenza sculpture ikhululekile ingakumbi kunye neguquguqukayo.

"Kouros of Piraeus"

"Kouros ukusuka Piraeus 'ibekwe Athens Museum - kamva, indalo ngoko ugqibeleleyo, ezenziwe nomkroli yamandulo. Phambi kuthi yemfazwe oselula womelele. izijekulo ngesandla kwaye itshintshe kancinane yentloko zibonisa incoko, leyo yena ulahlekisa. Akukho ukuhlukumeza yacaca kangaka zobukhulu. Lwakudala Umfanekiso Greek, njengoko senditshilo, iimpawu ngokubanzi. Noko ke, eli nani ayikho okuphawuleka njengoko imisebenzi enxulumene nexesha ekuqaleni lwakudala.

period zakudala

ixesha Classical - ixesha ukusuka 5 ukuya BC kwinkulungwane yesi-4. Imisebenzi ye sculpture zamandulo zamaGrike ngeli xesha ngokwemigaqo utshintsho abathile, siza kukuxelela. Phakathi abakroli zeli xesha, omnye amanani edume kaPythagoras yi Regiysky.

Iimpawu bakaPythagoras eqingqiweyo

Kuba indalo yakhe luphawulwa ngokoqobo kunye liveliness, oko ngexesha ezintsha. Eminye imisebenzi yalo umbhali ukuba kancinci ingqalelo ebhegini kakhulu elo xesha (umzekelo, nomfanekiso oqingqiweyo inkwenkwe, bewasa a elaqhekeka). wit Quick kunye netalente obungaqhelekanga bavumela nomkroli ku dyondza ubumnandi ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubala zezibalo. Wayehamba kuzo ngokusekelwe yesikolo bulumko kunye zemathematika, yena ngokwakhe yasungulwa. Pythagoras, usebenzisa le ndlela, kuphandwa ngokuvumelana indalo ezahlukeneyo: umculo, isakhiwo zokwakha omzimba womntu. esikolweni Apho kaPythagoras ngokwesiseko inani. Oku kucingwa ukuba kokusekwa kwehlabathi.

Ezinye abakroli yexesha lakudala

ixesha Classical, ngaphandle kokuba igama Pythagoras, kwaye banika ihlabathi inkcubeko amagcisa abaziwayo ezifana Phidias, Myron kunye Polycleitus. Imisebenzi ye sculpture yamandulo yesiGrike ababhali zidityanisiwe umgaqo jikelele zilandelayo - umboniso umzimba ogqibeleleyo imvisiswano umphefumlo omhle zifakwe kuyo. Yiyo lo mgaqo esisiseko, ukuba wakhokela iinkosi ezahlukeneyo ixesha ekuphuhliseni indalo zabo. Yamandulo Umfanekiso Greek - umnqweno ngokuvumelana kunye nobuhle.

Miron

nempembelelo enkulu phezu vutshila aseAthene BC 5 AD. e. Myron wayenomsebenzi (khumbula i Discobolus odumileyo ezenziwe ngobhedu). Le wizard, ngokungafaniyo Policlet, leyo ke uwaxelele, wayethanda kukuveza amanani ihamba. Umzekelo, kwi-mfanekiso ngentla enxulumene discobolus ukuya BC kwinkulungwane 5. e., echaza inzwana ngexesha xa ejika kuphosa disc. It muncu waguqa umzimba wakhe, eshukumayo kuthinjwa, nanjengendawo ephuma, ukulungele ngokwandisa. izihlunu abaqeqeshiweyo vzbugrilis phantsi kwesikhumba iingalo elastic kubuyiswe. Ndiyila isiseko ekhuselekileyo, nakubhontsi zitshone nzulu esantini. Ezo Umfanekiso yamandulo Greek (Discobolus). Lo mfanekiso waphoswa ngobhedu. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba weva ikopi ibhastile kuphela wenziwa lokuqala ngamaRoma. Lo mfanekiso ungezantsi mfanekiso Minotaur nomkroli kulo.

Polycleitus

Policlet yamandulo Umfanekiso unalo phawu ilandelayo - mzobo yabantu emi ngesandla ephakanyiswe ngomlenze omnye eseleyo azalwa. Umzekelo master embodiments oko umfanekiso Doriphor-spearman. Polycleitus ngemisebenzi yakhe bafuna ukuya nokuma egqibeleleyo kukhatshwa ngokomoya nomfaneleko. Le umnqweno waphefumlela ukuba ukupapasha wakhe othi osihloko sithi "Canon", ngelishwa, akazange aphile ixesha lethu.

Ngokupheleleyo ubomi uxinezeleko Policlet mfanekiso. Wasithanda ukuba ziveza iimbaleki zikwimeko ukuphumla. Umzekelo, "Spearman" - ngamandla indoda yakha ngubani na lizele nokuzixabisa. Yena umi engashukumi phambi yabaphulaphuli. Kodwa lo uxolo static, ngokuqhelekileyo eqingqiweyo ngamaYiputa amandulo. Indlela lula kwaye ngobuchule ngalokho umzimba womntu wakhe, Spearman umlenze bent kancinane, sifudukele ubucaka ezahlukeneyo ityala. Kubonakala ukuba oko kuya kuthatha ixesha elincinane, Akusonge intloko yakhe, yaye uya kunyathela phambili. Phambi kwethu mhle, igorha, ukhululekile kuloyiko, zigcinelwe, abanekratshi - ngumfuziselo neenjongo kwanamaGrike.

Phidias

Ngaba kufanele kubhekwe Phidias uMdali omkhulu, uMdali ekroliweyo anxulumene BC kwinkulungwane 5. e. Ukuba bakwazi ukufunda ukuba luphathwe ogqibeleleyo ekubunjweni ngobhedu. Phidias 13 iziqwenga oqingqiweyo ababenokuxonxwa ukuba nesangqawe kokuzifaneleyo itempile Apollo e Ugcino. Oku kubhekiselele kwinani imisebenzi yalo inkosi kwakhona umfanekiso oqingqiweyo Virgin Athena kwi yiParthenon, okuphakama kweemitha ezili-12. Yenziwe zeendlovu kunye negolide. Le ndlela le eqingqiweyo igama chrysene-Elephantine.

Xa le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo yale inkosi ngokukhethekileyo yabonisa into yokuba oothixo Greek - ezi imifanekiso le ndoda efanelekileyo. Ukususela imisebenzi Phidias, ezona abalondolozwa zonke imitha-160 marble eliphezulu isiqabu owawukuDonga tape, nto leyo ibonisa umngcelele-tempile wothixokazi Athena, isihloko kungena etempileni iParthenon.

Oqingqiweyo ka-Athena

Kakhulu umonakalo Umfanekiso zetempile. Ubuntwana ngamakhoboka "Athena Parthenos". Eli nani wema ngaphakathi etempileni. Phidias wakudala. Yamandulo Umfanekiso yesiGrike baseAthene na ezi mpawu zilandelayo: intloko yakhe kunye isilevu ngeenxa nebunzi anencasa ephantsi iingalo kunye intamo zazenziwe zeendlovu, nezigcina-ntloko, Ingweletshetshe, impahla kunye neenwele - evela sheets zegolide.

Ukususela kulo mzobo ngenxa amabali amaninzi. Idume kwaye zinkulu le wobugcisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza kwi Phidias, umkhosi ngabantu abanomona ababezama ekukruqulayo le nomkroli, leyo efuna isizathu kuye ezo siyimangalela nantoni na. Le wizard, umzekelo, umtyholwa ukuba kufihlwa igolide bekujongiwe sculpture ka-Athena. Phidias lokuzithethelela bathabatha zonke izinto igolide nomfanekiso ndayilinganisela kubo. beliba ncam ukulinganiswa kwegolide anikwe kuye. Emva koko ke nomkroli watyholwa yonke yokungahloneli Thixo. Shield ka-Athena unobangela woku. Lo mzobo imeko zedabi kwamaGrike Amazons. Phidias ezotywe phakathi kwamaGrike Pericles. yoluntu yamaGrike, nangona zonke impumelelo yalo inkosi, kodwa ngokungafani oko. uphumezo Ekusondeleni yaphela ubomi nomkroli.

Aliphelelanga ukufezekisa Phidias imifanekiso eyenziwe iParthenon. Ngoko ke, wadala nomfuziselo Athena Promachos bobhedu, obuya yakhelwe ijikeleze 460 BC leyo. e. Acropolis.

Umfanekiso kaZeyus

Ngu Phidias udumo lokwenyaniso emva ngokudala le inkosi oqingqiweyo ka kaZeyus ngenxa etempileni, leyo ise-Olympia. Ukuphakama babengama-13 eemitha. izikripthi abaninzi ngelishwa engekhoyo, baye basinda kuphela kwiinkcazo zabo iikopi. Kwiinkalo ezininzi oku kukhuthazwa yi intshabalalo nenkani of imisebenzi yobugcisa ngamaKristu. Hayi wasinda, kunye nomfanekiso kaZeyus. It linokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: inani imitha-13 uhleli phezu kwetrone segolide. Wazihombisa intloko uthixo isidanga amasebe omnquma, nto leyo uphawu uthando lwakhe zoxolo. Chest, iingalo, amagxa kunye ubuso zazenziwe lwendlovu. Zeus ingubo esingenamikhono, kwigxalaba lasekhohlo. Intshebe nesithsaba - of yegolide igolide. Leyo ke Umfanekiso yamaGrike amandulo, ezichazwe ngokufutshane. Kubonakala ukuba uThixo, ukuba sithe sahlala, asafa waza kabini emagxeni akhe, okungalungelaniyo kule holo enkulu - yophahla uya uwugungxule.

lamaHellenist

Amanqanaba uphuhliso sculpture yamandulo yamaGrike uzalisa lamaGrike. Eli xesha - ixesha kwimbali yamandulo eGrisi ku-4 ukuya BC kwinkulungwane 1. Umfanekiso ngelo xesha nangoku injongo ephambili yomhombiso kwezakhiwo wezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ndafumana reflection kwenzeka kwiinguqu zikarhulumente.

Le Umfanekiso kukuba ngexesha elinye iintlobo eziphambili zobugcisa, ukongeza, kwabakho iseti ndlela kunye nezikolo. Belikhona e Rhodes, ePergamo, Alexandria. Imisebenzi kakhulu ezingeniswe kwezi zikolo, zibonise iingxaki ezimkhathazayo ngelixa iingqondo zabantu kwexesha. Le mifanekiso, ngokuchaseneyo ukuzimisela ezolileyo weklasiki, ithwale bokubanga babalo, ntshikilelo ngokweemvakalelo, amandla.

Impembelelo ye-East kwi zobugcisa lonke Iimpawu kudala emva kwexesha zamaGrike. Kukho imisebenzi emitsha eqingqiweyo zamandulo zamaGrike, iinkcukacha ezininzi, lokuzenzela olugqibeleleyo, engile ezintsonkothileyo. Ubuhle nokuzola ungena yakudala nezinga nesithukuthezi baseMpuma.

Thermes Elise imyuziyam wamaRoma 'Afrodita Kirenskaya "zizele ubuhule, a coquetry ethile.

"Laocoön noonyana bakhe '

Kakhulu eyaziwa Umfanekiso enxulumene loo elithile ethile - "Laokoon and Sons", wenza Agesander yaseRhodes yaseRhodes. Le wobugcisa ngoku igcinwe eVatican Museum. Polya ukwakheka sedrama, kunye iyelenqe icebisa nesithukuthezi. Le hero noonyana bakhe bawuphikisa Ukuxhathisa wathumela Athena iinyoka ngokungathi wazi nakwizibetho zabo ezimbi. Nale ngqo sculpture ungaqhelekanga kwakhiwa. Eziyinyani kunye plastic amanani. A nomvakalelo womoya onamandla yenziwe yi abalinganiswa ubuso.

Three nomkroli enkulu

Yimisebenzi eqingqiweyo lilungu BC kwinkulungwane yesi-4. e., ngaphandle kokwenza humanistic siyakhuselwa, kodwa liyalahleka ngaxeshanye ubunye abasebenzi emkhosini. Lose nemvo ubomi kunye nemfezeko kwimbono ihlabathi sculpture zamaGrike amandulo kunye nababhali babo. iinkosi Great abahlala BC ngenkulungwane yesi-4. e., ukunika utyhila nezinto ezintsha zobugcisa behlabathi ngokomoya. Oku kakhulu ngokucacileyo wavakalisa le quest ababhali amathathu - Lysippos, Praxiteles kunye Scopas.

Scopas

Scopas waba ngoyena ebalulekileyo phakathi kwezinye abakroli owayesebenza xesha. Kwimizobo yakhe siphefumle amathandabuzo ezinzulu, umzabalazo, ixhala, uyibona kunye kunokutshiseka. Le oyinzalelwane wesiqithi Paros wayesebenza kwizixeko ezininzi phezu kummandla Greece. Ekufundeni lo mbhali eziqulethwe oqingqiweyo ebizwa ngokuba "Nika Samofrakiyskaya". Eli gama liye zifunyenwe kukhunjulwa Noloyiso 306 BC. e. Fleet yaseRhodes. Eli nani ekhwele koseko, sifunda impumlo wenqanawa yoyilo ngayo.

"Dancing maenad" Scopas kwenziwa ngendlela ngentshukumo ezintsonkothileyo.

Praxiteles

Kungenjalo ubuchule baba Praxiteles imikrolo. I ebelila umbhali ubuhle yenyama yomzimba kunye uvuyo ebomini. Praxiteles wayekuthanda udumo olukhulu, isisityebi. Le nomkroli idumileyo Nizise lo mfanekiso Aphrodite, wayenza ukuya kwisiqithi Knidos. Yena waba ngowokuqala ngokomfanekiso zobugcisa yesiGrike isithixokazi ze. Beauty Phryne, yayingeyiyo Thais, umnikazi-Praxiteles, wakhonza njengomzekelo oqingqiweyo ka-Aphrodite. Le ntombazana iye batyholwa onyeliso, uze emva koko sigwetyelwe ngokuthi ancome ubuhle kwabagwebi. Praxiteles na umculi ubuhle ababhinqileyo, leyo uhloniphe namaGrike. Ngelishwa, kuphela iikopi ezaziwayo kuthi Aphrodite ngaseKinido.

Leochares

Leochares - inkosi baseAthene, ukuba likhulu ababephila Praxiteles. Le nomkroli, abasebenza polis ezahlukeneyo Hellenic, wadala imifanekiso wentsomi nemifanekiso woothixo. Wabatshabalalisa eni eziliqela eqingqiweyo e chrysene-Elephantine msebenzi, obonisa amalungu entsapho kaFilipu, i-Macedonian ukumkani. Emva koko, waba inkundla nomkroli Aleksandra Makedonskogo, unyana wakhe. Ngeli xesha Leochares Apollo oqingqiweyo sadalwa, kuthandwa kakhulu ngamakhoboka. Iye yasinda kwi iikopi emarmore emhlophe, into eyenziwe ngamaRoma, yaye igama Apollona Belvederskogo udumo kwihlabathi. Leochares kuyo yonke imisebenzi yakhe ibonisa indlela virtuosic.

Emva ebukumkanini Aleksandra Makedonskogo yamaGrike xesha ixesha kweentyatyambo ngokukhawuleza imifanekiso. Izakhiwo eqingqiweyo kwiindawo zembutho izixeko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo izithethi, iimbongi, iingcali zefilosofi, iinjengele, ababusi. Masters wayefuna ukufumana ufana naye kunye noxinzelelo ngohlobo imigca, iba umfanekiso wendlela umfanekiso.

Amanye abakroli kunye nemisebenzi yabo

imifanekiso Classical baba iisampuli imisebenzi ezahlukeneyo amagcisa owayesebenza yobudala lamaGrike. Ngokucacileyo imisebenzi elo xesha megalomania, oko kukuthi, umnqweno ukuzisa umfanekiso abanqwenelayo ubungakanani umfanekiso omkhulu. Ngakumbi rhoqo kwenzeka xa kudalwa imifanekiso yesiGrike oothixo. Umfanekiso uthixo onguHelios esihle. Yenziwe zobhedu nengubo, wema emnyango izibuko yaseRhodes. Le Umfanekiso - iimitha-32. Ndasebenza phezu kwayo iminyaka eli-12, engaphezi, Imivundla, umfundi ka Lysippos. Lo msebenzi wobugcisa uye kwi kwindawo ngasekunene nozuko izinto ezimangalisayo kuluhlu yehlabathi.

Uninzi eqingqiweyo emva kokuba kuthinjwe boyisa amaRoma Greece yamandulo kumazwe angaphandle kweli. imifanekiso nje kuphela, kodwa obukhulu yokudweba, amathala eencwadi ombuso indibano kunye nezinye izinto zenkcubeko ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye. Abantu abaninzi basebenza kwinkalo yemfundo kunye nenzululwazi, kubanjwa. Xa inkcubeko yamandulo eRoma ngoko ngalo, kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuphuhliso lwayo, izinto ezahlukeneyo Greek.

isiphelo

Kakade ke, ukuba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ekhula ukuba kuphunyeziwe Ancient Greece, wenza uhlengahlengiso zabo lokusekwa imikrolo, kodwa enye into esihlanganisa amagcisa ngoweqela zaphawula ezahlukeneyo - umnqweno ukuqonda ubugcisa spatiality, uthando yokuvakalisa esebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo sculpture yomzimba womntu. Umfanekiso yamandulo yamaGrike, ifoto leyo ezinikwe apha ngentla, ngelishwa, baye basinda inxalenye kuphela. Kudla waba ukuba amanani emarmore emhlophe eziphathekayo, nangona ubu yayo. Kuphela ngale ndlela kube yinto enokwenzeka ukuba adlulisele ubuhle nondiliseko emzimbeni womntu. Bronze, nangona zizixhobo ngakumbi ethembekileyo ezindilekileyo, phi ezisetyenziswa.

Umfanekiso yamandulo Greek nokupeyinta eyoqobo nenomdla. imizekelo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa ukunika ufifi ubomi yokomoya lizwe.