Uxilongo yebhetri yemoto. Ukugcinwa kunye nokubuyiselwa neebhetri imoto

Enye yeengxaki eziqhelekileyo abanini yemoto Russian ebusika - Ibhetri imoto yakhe. Khetha zingasetwa, kwaye isoloko imiphumo efanayo. I battery kufuneka ukuxilonga isigqibo yintoni onokuyenza ngayo. Kukho iindlela ezininzi. Isixhobo zibe nokutshintshanisa nje ezintsha, njengoko unako ukufumana kwakhona kwimo esebenzisekayo.

Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha iindlela zokufumanis iibhetri, iindlela ukubuya "ebomini" nendlela konke oku kwenziwa ngesandla. Kwakhona cinga ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga isixhobo kunye ibhetri, kunye neentlobo nokuphunyezwa kwawo.

Overview

Ukuze ngcono ukuqonda unobangela wale ngxaki ulwazi luncedo sefowuni kwebhetri kwaye isebenza njani. Njengenxenye nayiphi ibhetri kukho izibini 6 amacwecwe oppositely ityala. Ngoko-ebizwa sibini galvanic ukuze zombini ukufumba kagesi ndimkhulule ngayo. Xa uqala i imoto ihamba incopho obhobhozayo ibhetri efunekayo ukuze motor starter. Kumaqondo obushushu sub-zero inkqubo kuqaliso - uvavanyo siphambili ibhetri.

Ngexesha intshukumo uthungelwano kwesithuthi-ibhodi kuxhaswa yi-wenkunkuma, nabo bonke intsalela uza ibattery. Xa zonke izinto ezifanele inkqubo ntlawulo-obhobhozayo isebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa umthwalo banda, xa izibane ibandakanyiwe, heater ukubaleka kunye izisuli, amandla ukusuka wenkunkuma unakho kubuzwa. Kulo mzekelo, i ibhetri uphumile. Uxilongo ze battery imoto kuyo nayiphi na imeko kuyimfuneko. On ezahlukeneyo - kamva kancinane.

Nokuba zingaphi amperes imoto ibhetri? Ukuze ube ibhetri ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga uya kusebenza zingaphi amperes / iiyure. Eli nani yahluka ukusuka 50 ukuya 100 Inani ampere accumulator apha ikakhulukazi iya kuxhomekeka ekulayisheni uxhathiso.

design

amandla ombane ze battery, njengoko nisazi, volts 12. Oku kuhambelana volts-2 ukuya kwezi-6 izibini galvanic, lidibane series. Phakathi isikali plates oppositely icala ezahlulwe sisithuba zokwambathisa zokwahlula. circuit imoto ibhetri eboniswe ngezantsi.

Ibhetri ngokwayo ilungiselelwe njenge parallelepiped, apho zicwangciswe iibloko evela iipleyiti, ezele electrolyte. Isiciko yayo ephezulu livela "dibanisa" "thabatha" abafowunelwa kunye. Ngokuxhomekeka kuhlobo ebhetri le chap zingafumaneka kule kungenzeka ukuba uphinda uyigcwalise Yek amanzi okanye ukulungisa electrolyte.

Kuba izigadla nge-ibhodi umbane lombane volts 24 icetyelwe ukufaka neebhetri 2 volts 12. Le inrush current ibaluleke kwaye umthamo ibhetri yahluke kakhulu ukusuka analogue zawo iimoto. Ngenxa yoko, ubukhulu ukwanda le mveliso. Battery Ukukhethwa wemoto luthatha ulwazi iimpawu ezifunekayo ze battery ukuba isithuthi ethile.

Battery uxilongo ongakhetha

Lokufunyaniswa ibhetri yemoto kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezininzi. Into onokuyenza ngezandla zenu, hayi bade beme kwi inkonzo. Ngoko ke, sihlolisise. Battery Troubleshooting lungahlulwa-hlulwa ngezigaba ezininzi:

• Khangela inqanaba electrolyte kwibhloko nganye okanye yesizwe, "ibhange";
• ekuhloleni lexinene i electrolyte;
• ukulinganisa izinga kwentlawulo yombane.

Inqanaba lesithathu kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, okanye mandithi, esebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo diagnostic.

Ukukhangela izinga electrolyte

Jonga ibhetri isithuthi iqala ukukhangela kwinqanaba electrolyte. Oku kwenziwa ngendlela olubonakalayo elula. Okokuqala, ukufikelela evulekile ngaphakathi isitya. Ibhetri owahlukileyo ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isiciko phezulu isuswe kwiplagi ezizodwa esenokuba eziqhelekileyo bonke 6 "iinkonkxa", yaye ungakwazi - ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngokweliso electrolyte kufanele ngokupheleleyo amacwecwe ibhetri. Ukuze ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa inqanaba ukusetyenziswa kunokuba iglasi tube elula. Ityhubhu uvikivwa kwi ibhetri, emva koko ukuvulwa eliphezulu licinezelwe nxamnye umnwe, kwaye uya ngaphandle. Apha umgangatho kulula ukuba umlinganiselo nomlawuli.

Ikholam electrolyte eqhelekileyo ngaphezu iipleyiti 12-15 mm. Ukuba ilulwelo kancinane ukuyidibanisa. Ukuba inqanaba electrolyte ungaphezu 15 mm, kuba kubi kakhulu. Uchatha kuya kufuneka asuse isirinji okanye "sifo" efanayo ngentonga ngeglasi. Yaye kuthekani ukuba kukho iibhetri isondlo-free? Tyala uphethwe kwiimeko ezinjalo kulinganiselwe abahloli.

Ihlola electrolyte mninzi

Ukujonga lexinene electrolyte usebenzisa hydrometer. Esi sisixhobo esikhethekileyo isigqibo lexinene. It is a iselwa yeglasi mayixhotyiswe blower kwelinye icala kunye incam kwi kwelinye. Ngaphakathi kukho kwinqanaba mobile. Ukulinganisa electrolyte kwenzeka ngale ndlela ilandelayo. Icebiso hydrometer sokuvalwa ibhetri kunye a blower socofo electrolyte kungena iselwa. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lexinene i hydrometer na indlela ocacile. Normal electrolyte mninzi isusela ukusuka 1.24 1.29 g / cm ^3. Apha, loxinano ubuninzi ekwafanekisa kwithuba yasebusika, kunye ubuncinane - nyaka.

Nayiphi lokufunyaniswa ibhetri yemoto iqala uhlolo olubonakalayo. Ukuxinana kwezi electrolyte ngaphandle nako ukuyiqikelela. Ukuba umbala ulwelo shades litshanda okanye obomvu, kungenzeka amacwecwe battery waqalisa uwiso - kwisixhobo ayide ikwazi ibuyiseke. I electrolyte kufuneka ibe selubala.

Ukumisela ukuba abize

Ukuqinisekisa inqanaba kwentlawulo battery ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuhlola zilandelayo ayikhuphi ngokuxhomekeke nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo:

• usebenzisa multimeter;
• ngokusebenzisa kulayishwa ifolokhwe;
• ngoncedo nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Eyona ndlela ilula nefikelelekayo kuzo - sebenzisa multimeter okanye voltmeter. Imilinganiselo kufuneka kwenziwe kwi ibhetri imoto luqhawulwe kwaye ubuncinane iyure emva kokuba imoto eziplagwe. Oku kubalulekile - yokulunga omkhulu. Isalathisi amandla ombane phaya kwibhetri ziyalungiswa 12.5-13 volts. Xa lo mda eliphezulu lihambisana ityala ngokupheleleyo, umzantsi - isiqingatha alahlwayo.

Ukuze ubone ombane ibhetri phantsi komthwalo liqhagamshelene imoto kwakhona ukuze ihlolwe ukuba iimoto esebenzayo. Xa kufuneka ibe esi salathisi ombane ngezantsi 13.5 volts. Imilinganiselo siwachithe kufuneka ulale ngaphakathi 13.5-14 volts. Ukuba ombane kwi voltmeter lingaphantsi kwe-13.5, kufuneka ucinge kakuhle wenkunkuma imoto yakhe.

Ukusetyenziswa kulayishwa ifolokhwe

Lokufunyaniswa ibhetri ngokusebenzisa kulayishwa ifolokhwe - nje isiganeko elula, kuthatha ubuncinane ixesha. Yokuchaneka omkhulu, isikali kakuhle baqhubeka okanye zisuswe ibhetri emotweni. Okokuqala, ukulinganisa yombane icandelo wesiqhelo kunye koko ukuba umthwalo imizuzwana-5. Ngeli xesha, ombane lifinyele ngokwendalo. Isalathi elungileyo kukuhla kwe parameter ukuya volts-10. Ukuba emva kwemizuzwana 5 ngokuzixhala- ibhetri lubonisa volts ngaphantsi kwe-10, kukho ingxaki ecacileyo.

Iintlobo kwezixhobo lokuxilonga

Ukongeza abahloli standard, neefolokhwe abayithweleyo ibhetri, kukho iindidi lwezixhobo ukuxilonga iibhetri. Koko imisebenzi multimeter, izixhobo ezifana ukulinganisa yangoku inrush ukuba injini ebandayo, amandla "iibhanki" ngamnye, chargeability kwaye ivumela ibhetri ukuxilonga yonke inkqubo injini yokuqala. Ezi zixhobo diagnostic ekunokuthiwa tester Micro-768A. Le mveliso Kuyinto elula isebenza kunye yokwenza kwimeko ithwele.

Izinto ezibangela ukusilela kwebhetri

Akukho sizathu kakhulu, xa ibhetri imoto, kufuna unyango ekhethekileyo okanye indawo. Indlela yokwenza isifo battery ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokuchanekileyo? Okokuqala kufuneka bachonge ukwenzakala zangaphandle kunye neengxaki zangaphakathi. ziquka umonakalo emzimbeni ukuba umzimba, kwakunye igcwala oluluqilima nabo bangaphandle imiba yangaphandle. Eyokuqala waphilisa amabala zeplastiki okanye ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo imveliso. Iinkcukacha icocwe nje sandpaper entle, uze lubricated kunye grease zoqhagamshelwano.

Ibhetri yangaphakathi nazo kuba iingxaki yendalo eyahlukileyo. Phakathi kwemiba ezixhaphakileyo:

• plates sulfation ibhetri;
• plates kuvalwa;
• zivuthuluke kwamacwecwe;
• electrolyte yethumba-off;
• nokuncipha lexinene le electrolyte.

Le nto lokugqibela ezibandayo kakhulu kungakhokelela ukugqiba ukusilela imveliso yonke. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba qhwa of electrolyte eliphantsi ezinoxinano kunye nomonakalo "neenkonkxa" ibhetri ngenxa yokwandiswa ubume ebandayo.

Methods Battery Recovery

Kukho iinketho ezininzi uncedo ukufunyanwa ibhetri yemoto. Le ndlela ilula ezifumanekayo nabani na i itshaja ibhetri eziqhelekileyo imijikelo ntlawulo-yokumpompoza ezimbalwa. iingongoma ezibalulekileyo kulo mzekelo zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kokuba uyazihlaziya kuyimfuneko ukukhangela kwinqanaba electrolyte kwi ibhetri uze wongeze amanzi Yek xa ukunqongophala;
• zibiza kufuneka uqale ngoku encinane malunga 1-2A;
• alahlwa ibhetri ngokusebenzisa i isibane zesiqhelo zigqengezelayo, kodwa ayikwazi kuthintela ukulahlwa ngaphantsi kwe 10,5A.

iziphumo ezilungileyo ukunika kwitshaja ekhethekileyo kunye imo ukubetha kunye nomsebenzi desulfation. Ukubona yaye alungise ibhetri kule meko elula. I liqhagamshelaniswe nefowni, yaye emva kwexesha elithile, wathabatha isiphumo ogqityiweyo. Yonke into isebenza ngokuzenzekelayo. Ukuba oku akusebenzi - kuhlala kukho khetho ukuba ubuyisele ibhetri. Kulo mzekelo, musa ukulibala malunga ukhetho yeemoto kwebhetri.

Igalelo elibi eli ukubuyisa kuphela mnye - iindleko kwitshaja ukubetha. Ixabiso lemakethi a desulfatora elungileyo iqala ukususela amawaka 10 engange. Oko kukuthi, thenga ibhetri entsha iya kuxabisa sitshiphu.

Ukusebenzisa isisombululo ekhethekile

Nzima kakhulu ukuba 'aphathe' ibhetri, ukuba kubekho iipleyiti ukuvalwa. Uxilongo ze battery imoto, Kakade ke, kungaba engalunganga. Noko ke, ukuba ukuvalwa kwenzeka, kwezinye iimeko, oko kunceda ekuhlambeni elula. Ngapha koko, ungaba yi ezike emazantsi "iibhanki". Bokuhlamba iimpahla lwenziwa njengoko ibhetri wamanzi Yek, kunye nezisombululo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nesisombululo Trilon B. Ngokungalindelekanga, ngokulisebenzisa kunokwenzeka kwakhona kuvelisa desulfatation ibhetri. Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Spitz ezimpontshelwa nge electrolyte;
• Trilon B igcwele, ukuze amacwecwe sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo nabo;
• Ibhetri okuseleyo malunga neyure kule uya nokubilisa ngokwaneleyo ugonyamelo indlela ucombulule zonke sulfates;
• nge ngesirinji bonke ifunxwe ize ihlanjwe izihlandlo eziliqela ngamanzi Yek;
• emva kokuhlamba kwi ibhetri izele electrolyte kunye womserbia esele zenziwe.

Phakathi bobubi zokuhlamba enjalo - umngcipheko ukutshatyalaliswa amacwecwe endala kwibhetri. Kwaye xa siwasebenzise kwakhona lula masivalwe phakathi ipleyiti lamaqhosha phambili. Ukuchaneka bhetri kufuneka ibe phezulu kakhulu.

Kuba abalandeli yemifuniselo

Kuba neebhetri eqhelekileyo sakhonza apho iindlela ezinzima ngakumbi achache. Umzekelo, ukuba amacwecwe ukuhlanjululwa sulfates i ukucoca lula ngokususa ipleyiti ngamnye. Kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu ngenxa ubu ophezulu nemveliso. Ukuba ukhuselo ibhetri eliphezulu akuthethi indlela esetyenziswayo amandla ndisisilo kunye nezixhobo. Into esemqoka - ukuba emva kuhluthwe izinto ezinjalo iirekhodi zenkqubo yonke imingxuma ngenxa ukuvala de evuzayo yangaphambili.

Ukuba i "ibhange" ibhetri ekhoyo okanye kwenze emnyama zinokubonakala amaqhekeza ukhokelo ipleyiti chipped, ibhetri kubhetele ukuba ukwakha, yaye ngoko nangoko indawo entsha.

Uthintelo lweempazamo

Ezininzi iingxaki ezivelayo kule khosi kokusetyenziswa iibhetri, isonjululwe kwinqanaba lokhathalelo kunye nokuthintelwa. Easy ukulandela imithetho embalwa iza ukwandisa umsebenzi ibhetri uze ususe imiba emininzi elizayo. Okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuhlola rhoqo inqanaba kwanokuxinana le electrolyte. Kwimeko yokunqongophala kufuneka uzalise i phezulu ngamanzi Yek, yaye kwimeko loxinano ayanelanga ukuba ibhetri kwi kwentlawulo. Obunzima iqabaka mninzi ibhetri ngcono zigcinwe kwinqanaba 1.4 g / cm ^3. Kwaye ukuba akukho nto singakholosi lexinene elungileyo, kungcono susa ibhetri uze kungena kwigumbi efudumeleyo.