Ishishini lobisi eRashiya. Ishishini lobisi: uphuhliso kunye neengxaki. kushishino lwemveliso zobisi kunye nenyama

Kuyo nayiphi na uqoqosho, indima kushishino yokutya urhulumente kakhulu. Okwangoku, amashishini koshishino kwilizwe lethu, kukho malunga-25 amawaka isabelo ukutya iyonke kwimveliso Russian -. 10%. Ishishini lobisi yenye emasebeni awo. Oku kuquka amashishini avelisa iimveliso zabo ngobisi. Isikali kwimveliso kunye eqwalasela inani labantu, ubuchule babo kunye ngokwemfuza.

zobisi World kunye noshishino inyama

kushishino Ukutya zonke States, kodwa ngokwemiqathango wophuhliso lwawo, yahluke kakhulu kumazwe awahlukeneyo. Iinkokeli Absolute amazwe aphuhlileyo ngokoqoqosho. Ukongeza, amashishini abaninzi, kuquka yobisi kunye noshishino inyama, yiba ezikhethiweyo ngamazwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanye States abathumeli ezinkulu, ngoxa abanye - abathengi ezinkulu.

kushishino Meat - isebe obungcali ngamazwe aseYurophu (France, ingakumbi e-Italy, eJamani, eNetherlands, eSpeyin, Belgium kunye Denmark), North America, New Zealand, eOstreliya, kwakunye amanye amazwe asakhulayo (iBrazil, China, Uruguay, Argentina). Le abathumela inkulu kwezi mveliso kwi kwimarike yehlabathi zithathwa amazwe Western Europe. Bona akhawunti malunga-50% yenani lilonke ezithunyelwa zehlabathi. Iinkokeli Industry kunye ne-United States, Australia naseBrazil. Abangenisa inkulu imveliso zithathwa ukuba babe emazweni Western, Japan naseRashiya.

Iimveliso zobisi zenziwa eYurophu eUnited States, Belarus, eRashiya, eUkraine, New Zealand kunye Australia. Udumo kuye fumene ibhotolo Finnish kwaye French, itshizi evela eJamani, eFransi, eSwitzerland, iNetherlands Lithuania, cream ezimuncu ukusuka Estonia eFinland, iyogathi baseJamani France. Iinkokeli kwemveliso yederi unikezele kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe amazwe aseYurophu (ingakumbi North neCentral), kunye ne Australia nase-New Zealand. eziphambili abathenga Its - kumazwe ico kunye neTshayina.

Ingakumbi ukuveliswa ubisi

Ubisi kwiipropati yayo zesondlo ukutya ngumboniso kakhulu ogqibeleleyo. Kuyinto phantse ngokugqibeleleyo ukwakhiwa ukulungelelana izondlo. Isabelo iimveliso zobisi akhawunti ukuba inxalenye enkulu ezityiwa uluntu. Abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ukutya yonyaka malunga ne-16% yazo zonke iintlobo zokutya.

imveliso ubisi phawu enye ebalulekileyo: oko kubangelwa iimveliso ezonakalayo. Ukongeza, kubhekisela kwiimveliso luphawulwa amazinga aphezulu losetyenziso. Oku kuthetha ukuba imveliso zabo kufuneka ezinkulu-isikali kunye noluhlu - kuthechu ukwandisa.

A incinane

Ubisi processing e pre-revolution eRashiya kwenzeka ubukhulu becala unokwakhela. Ngexesha amaxesha Soviet, ishishini lobisi iye yaba lishishini enkulu. Sele 1930 lafumana uphuhliso olukhulu. Kwaba ke ngenxa yokuba i-collectivization lezolimo kunye ngezoshishino lizwe zadalelwa iimeko ukukhula olusebenzayo kwimveliso. Ngeli xesha, ingakumbi ayenziwa kushishino lwemveliso zobisi e Moscow, iLeningrad, Kislovodsk, Sochi, Kuibyshev, Sverdlovsk. Iideri amakhulu kumisa kwezi zixeko. Ngo-1970, ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ibhotolo kunye nobisi USSR ahlala kwindawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Namhlanje, imizi-mveliso kunye okusila ukuvelisa uluhlu enkulu iimveliso. Bona baxhotyiswa imigca ngokuziphatha imishini ukuba ezibhotileni ezingxoweni, iibhotile kunye nezinye izikhongozeli, Iicooler kunye pasteurizers, evaporators, sahluli, umenzi sisi kunye nabanye.

Le miba ngokubeka kushishino lwemveliso zobisi

Ezi amashishini ezibekwe kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni izinto ekrwada kunye nomthengi. Bona ikakhulu kwiindawo kakhulu zasedolophini.

Ingaba ezi zilandelayo imiba yezoqoqosho ibalulekileyo Ukuwiswa kushishino lwemveliso zobisi:

• indawo kweefama ngokunxulumene kwiimarike abachaphazelekayo, kwakunye ubukho kule ndawo lwamashishini usetyenzwe; iindlela karhulumente kunye neendlela zokuhamba; ngokufumaneka izikhongozeli zokugcina izinto zokugqibela kunye nezinto ekrwada;
• umthamo onemveliso, ichazwe in an imfuyo ekhoyo, izakhiwo mveliso kunye nezakhiwo ukulungiselela iinjongo zezolimo kuphela;
• Imveliso ukusebenza ukususela kwinqanaba umbono yoqoqosho;
• uzinzo kunye neempawu yobudlelwane phakathi zommandla kwinkalo yokufama yobisi;
• ubonelelo izinto zokuvelisa, ezisa ushishino.

Utyekelo kwimakethe lwangoku

Inani lamashishini samasi kunye nemveliso yobisi uzinzile noko. Noko ke, imakethi ngoku umkhwa ukuyila iindlela ezinkulu. Iinkampani ezinkulu bavame ukuthenga izityalo ezincinane, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa indawo yentengiso kunye namandla emveliso. Ukongeza, le nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo mihla, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuphucula umgangatho imveliso kunye nokugcina isidima umenzi, ngemali amashishini amakhulu kakhulu. inzuzo Industry ngonyaka nje omnye, ukususela ngo-2009 ukuya ku-2010, ukwanda nge-36.8%. Oku kungenxa ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo zeenkokheli kwiimalike zikazwelonke nawengingqi.

Ukunqongophala ubisi ekrwada

Enterprises ukuba ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobisi zijongene inani lemingeni. Enye yezinto eziphambili - ukuvelisa ubisi ekrwada. Inyaniso yokuba imveliso yobisi esoloko siyehla kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kuthetha ukuba phambi kokuba amashishini processing kukho ingxaki yokunqongophala izinto, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso. Ukongeza, ubisi ekrwada, ekhutshwa ngabavelisi Russian, kudla ngokuba mgangathweni. Oku kudala ubunzima ezongezelelweyo ukuvelisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Iinkampani banyanzelwa ukuba ukusebenzisa i ongeziweyo eyomileyo neyenziweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekunyukeni kwamaxabiso kwimveliso kunye nokunciphisa ixabiso leempahla.

iingxaki zeziko

Okwangoku, imarike yobisi lwelizwe lethu nobunzima kakhulu. Kuyenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukunqongophala isicwangciso elidityanisiweyo wophuhliso lwawo, ukuphazamiseka lwangaphakathi. Akukho nkqubo ecacileyo inkxaso shishino ngurhulumente.

kushishino lwemveliso zobisi Russian wahlulelene okwangoku. iprosesa nganye kwaye umenzi uzama ukumelana nesigqibo iingxaki wenkampani yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, uphuhliso kushishino lwemveliso zobisi kwilizwe lethu, ehla kakhulu. imibutho Industry ezibangela kunye abavelisi kunye iziqhubekisi ubisi, ngelishwa, bengakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle isicwangciso ofanayo ukukhusela shishino.

nemveliso lemveliso iimfuno evela kumagosa karhulumente, izalathiso ezahlukeneyo yayinepolitiki. union nganye, ilungu ngalinye lisebenza kolu shishino kunye neengcebiso zabo kunye neemfuno, ephikisanayo. Urhulumente wasabela ngokuthi inike umbono yabo ekucombululeni iingxaki abajongene nazo kushishino lwemveliso zobisi - lowo lula kumagosa. Noko ke, imakethi ngokufuthi abakwazi kuvumelana naye. UMbuso kuyimfuneko ngoku ukwenza isicwangciso soshishino ecacileyo kwiminyaka ezayo malunga ne30-50.

Ishishini lobisi eRashiya yaphela kakhulu. Iziqhubekisi kunye nabavelisi nobisi basoloko ngokuchasene omnye komnye. nangqondo kunye namava ihlabathi zibonisa ukuba amashishini ezimbini - ukuvelisa ubisi kunye nokulungiswa - ziyinxalenye yenkqubo efanayo. Kunzima ukukhulisa ishishini, ukuba kuphela ukugcina imveliso yobisi, ngokuba ukwanda umthamo ukukhululwa yayo iya kufuna processing. Ngokufanayo, uphuhliso ishishini elihambisayo a kuya kukhokelela yokunqongophala izinto ekrwada. Ngokukhawuleza ukwenza ngenxa kungaba kuphela abangenisa.

nezinye iingxaki

Yi nezi ngxaki zichazwe ngentla esisiseko nododobalisa uphuhliso lizwe mveliso lethu ezifana kushishino lwemveliso zobisi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukongeza oku kulandelayo:

• zonyaka ka imveliso yobisi elizweni lethu;
• molokosborochnyh amanqaku kusilela, ukungabikho iiyunithi ifriji ezifama;
• ukwehla yokuziphatha ngokwasemzimbeni ezinamanqwanqwa asethi zezityalo, ukwakhiwa uninzi lwazo lisukela emva kwiminyaka 70-80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ezininzi iingxaki ekufuneka zisonjululwe kwinqanaba likarhulumente ngentla. Bafuna ukuba iinzame ezibambeneyo kwamashishini. Indlela kuphela ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi kushishino lwemveliso zobisi.

Russia kwimarike yehlabathi yemveliso yobisi

belizwe lethu ongenisa impahla ezinkulu, kodwa engamelanga ithathwe njenge umdlali enkulu kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Enyanisweni, eRashiya ezingenabameli Unxulumano ezinkulu ehlabathini. Kuphuhliso loshishino kuchaphazeleke kakubi kakhulu. Imarike welizwe lethu inxaxheba kwiingxoxo imiba jikelele. Akazi ngento iintsingiselo zehlabathi kolu shishino njengoko kushishino lwemveliso zobisi. Imiyalelo, izinto ezintsha kunye nophando nophuhliso ezisebenzisa umbutho inkulu ehlabathini, naye awusebenzi. Ichaphazela zombini iziqhubekisi zobisi kunye nabenzi zalo kwakunye abasebenzisi ekupheleni.

The main Abalimi

Namhlanje, kukho kakhulu abavelisi ezimbalwa lolu shishino kweli lizwe lethu. Noko ke, kuphela amanye amashishini ze kushishino lwemveliso zobisi uthengisa iimveliso zayo kwiingingqi ezininzi weRashiya. Ngokutsho kweengcali, iinkampani ilandelayo (data 2012) kukho iinkokheli imalike lizwe lethu;

• "Unimilk."
• "Wimm-Bill-Dann".
• Ochakovo Dairy Plant.
• Voronezh yobisi hlanganisa.
• Dairy Plant Piskarevskiy.
• Permmoloko.
• "Danone".
• "Rosagroeksport".
• "UHerman".
• Campina.

Ukhuphiswano emarikeni

Isabelo inkampani "Wimm-Bill-Dann", inkokeli inxaxheba kurhwebo lwasemakhaya yeemveliso zobisi, liqikelelwa kwi-10.8% ngo-2012. Qaphela ukuba umlinganiselo okhuphisana yayo sisondeleyo asezantsi malunga 4 amaxesha. Omnye wayenokuthi ukuba ukutya kushishino lwemveliso zobisi kwilizwe lethu iphawulwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu yokhuphiswano. Kodwa simele sikhumbule ukuba uninzi lweemveliso abe nobomi kwithala encinane. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka iimeko ezizodwa yokugcina. Kulo mba, iqondo kokhuphiswano kwiimarike zengingqi kwaye zommandla angaphantsi kakhulu. Isiphumo kukuba kwezinye iingingqi, iinkokeli imizi-mveliso yengingqi okanye iinkokeli nabezoshishino yaye ukususela-30 ukuya kuma-70% kwimarike zobisi. Abanye Yabelana nabanye mveliso yasekuhlaleni okanye kwimizimveliso kwimimandla ezikufuphi.

nezinto zorhwebo

impahla ngaphandle zikhuphisana iimveliso Russian. Ngokubanzi, umyinge sokungenisa encinane, kuqikelelwa ukuba aqala ku-15 ukuya 19%. Oku kungenxa yokuba imarike yobisi abe lungakhuseleki ezikhuphisanayo amazwe, njengoko buthi iimveliso kwaye ifuna neemeko ezikhethekileyo zokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa.

Noko ke, kwezinye izigaba, babe nobomi ezikhabhathini elide, ukuba iimveliso engenisiwe kukukhokela kwimarike Russian. Ngokukodwa, amanqaku amazwe abaye baqaphela-30% ibhotolo-60% sisi. ikhula ngamandla kunye zorhwebo iimveliso zobisi kunye nobisi. Umthamo sokungenisa yobisi yinto enye kwaye cream kunyaka-2012 landa nge-124,6%, itshizi - nge-34%, ibhotolo - nge-21%.

imithamo Ukuveliswa iimveliso zobisi eRashiya akwanelanga, ngoko ilizwe lethu kunyanzeleke ukuba ukungenisa ubisi yinto enye, itshizi kunye nebhotolo imithamo emikhulu. Ke ukuba kwimarike kweemveliso yonke, ubisi, oko ilungiselelwa ngokupheleleyo imveliso yasekhaya. Phakathi kuka-2009 ukuya ku-2012, amazwe zizonke samasi yaba US $ 7.5 billion, ibhotolo - 2.15 billion zeerandi. Izibonelelo samasi namasi inani kwemveliso ingeniswe ilizwe ukusuka amazwe yonyaka malunga ne-40%.