Varistor - yintoni na? Varistors: umgaqo wokusebenza, iintlobo kunye nezicelo

I-Varistor - yintoni na, apho isetyenziswe khona, kwaye kutheni kuyimfuneko? Le nxalenye yeesekethe zombane ayisebenziseki kangako, ngoko igama layo alikho kwiva. Masilungise oku kwaye siqhelane nomsebenzi wayo kunye nomgaqo wesixhobo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Ukufakelwa kombane kunomtsalane ohambelana nombane olinganisiweyo. Umlinganiselo wangempela unokuthi uhluke kwixabiso lexabiso. Kodwa umsebenzi uya kunikwa xa ukuphambuka kuyinto encinci kunye nohlu oluvumelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zombane zihlala zihluleka ngenxa ye-pulse ye-voltage. Oku kubizwa ngokuthi utshintsho olubukhali kwisimo kwinqanaba elithile, xa lilandela ukubuyiselwa kwinqanaba lokuqala ngexesha elifutshane. Iipulsi zingaba ngumbane kwaye zitshintshe. Ukukhusela ngokuchasene nokungafani, kusetshenziswe izixhobo ezahlukeneyo, phakathi kwazo iisango ezikhuphayo, izihlunu, iinkonzo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kodwa eyona mpu melelo yayiyi-varistor. Yintoni na? Leli gama lendlela efanelekileyo kunye nexabiso elincinci lokukhusela kwimpembelelo, esekelwe kwiimfuno zokumelana nomntu ongenanto. Umgaqo wezenzo zabo ulula: i-varistor ivuliwe ngokufanayo nezixhobo ezikhuselekile kwaye kwimeko eqhelekileyo umbane osebenzayo wesixhobo esikhuselekile uyathonya. Xa kwenzeka imeko engxamisekileyo, iqala ukusebenza njengesihluthulelo. Inkalo yabo eyahlukileyo yinto ebonisa ukulinganisa kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezinto ezikhoyo.

Izenzo ze Varistor

Xa kuvele umququzelelo, isixhobo, ngenxa yokungahambelani komzimba, siyanciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukunyanzelwa kwayo (kwiinqhezu ze-Ohm) kwaye siyasigxina umthwalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ikhuselekile, kwaye amandla angatyiweyo apheliswe ngendlela yokushisa. Ngethuba lolo hlobo kwiinkqubo kuma-varistors, okwangoku amawaka angama-amperes angaphaya. Ukuqwalasela ngokukodwa ukungaxilisi kweso sixhobo, emva kokuba umgudu uphunyezwe, iphinda ibe yinto enexinzelelo olukhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, ayichaphazeli ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane. Kodwa kuya kuba nempembelelo yokuxhatshazwa kwingozi, uze uqiniseke - baya kunqunyulwa. Oku kuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwezinto ezibuthathaka.

Iidampu ezithandwayo

Ukuthetha nge-varistor, yintoni na, awukwazi ukugqithisa izinto ezenziwe kuyo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yilezo zixhobo ezenziwe kunye ne -zinc oxide. Oku kungenxa yezizathu ezininzi:

1. Ukunyuka kokuveliswa.
2. I-Zinc inekhono elifanelekileyo lokufumanisa i-high energy energy pulses.

Ziyadalwa ngokobugcisa be-"ceramic", obubandakanya ukucinywa, ukugcoba, ukusebenzisa i-electrodes kunye nokufakelwa kombane, ukuxutywa kwee-terminals kunye nokufaka izambatho ezingenawo amanzi. Ngenxa yokulula kokuvelisa, zinokudalwa ngisho nangomyalelo ngamnye.

Ukumakisha

Siye sihlawula ngokwaneleyo ukufunda oko i-varistor. Ukumakishwa kwesi sixhobo kuyinkimbinkimbi, ngoko ke xa uthengisa isixhobo malunga nayo, awukwazi ukugweba ngedatha ebekwa kuyo. Cinga ngomzekelo olandelayo: kukho i-CNR-06D400K. I-CNR ligama loluhlobo, kulo mzekelo sinesimo se-metal oxide varistor. 06 - inomlinganiselo weimitha eziyi-6. D - phambi kwethu ukukhupha i-varistor. 400 - umbane osebenzayo. K - le leta ibonisa ukuba ukunyamezela ukuchithwa okukhoyo kunempazamo ye-10%. Ukuba sithetha ngeteknoloji yekhompyutheni, ngoko-ke aba varistor benzelwe i-470V. Vumelana, ezininzi. Kodwa akukho mvaristor omnye! Ukumakishwa kwezi ngxenye kuqhutyelwa ngumvelisi ngamnye omkhulu ngendlela yakhe, ngoko akukho mithetho yokuqaphela yonke indawo kunye neyemgangathweni. Ngako oko kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa okanye ukunceda abathengisi, okanye ukubhekiselele kwiinkonzo zezikhokelo.

Umfanekiso wesithunzi

Ukuba asifuni ukuba iteknoloji itshise, ke umlindi-mfuneko ubalulekile kuthi. Ukutyunjwa kwisiphaluka kubonakala ngathi ngumgca oqhelekileyo, kuphela umgca oblique kunye neleta U. Itsho ukuba iimpawu zokusebenza zixhomekeke ngqo kwixabiso lombane. Kodwa mhlawumbi i-varistor ibonakala ihlukile. Ukutyunjwa kwidrafti yalo kunikwe i-RU, emva koko idijithi ziboniswa. Inombolo yile nombolo ye-serial, kodwa iileta zibonisa igama leso sixhobo: umxhatsha-varistor. Kukho nokuba nemiqondiso yolwazi. Oku kunokuthi kubangelwe kwimveliso eyaziwayo yasekhaya, eyenziwa kwisityalo "Intuthuko" e-Ukhta. I-varistor yabo kwimzobo ingabhalwa ngeencwadi ukusuka ku-A ukuya kwi-G.

Ukuhlola impilo yempahla

Lapha sine-varistor ezandleni zethu. Ungavavanya njani ukusebenza kwayo? Kufuneka ukuba uqale ngokuhlola kwangaphandle kwesixhobo. Kufuneka ukubheka ngokucophelela iinxalenye ezinobumba, ukutyunjwa, ukumnyama okanye ukulandelelana kwe-carbon deposits. Ukuba kukho iziphene zangaphandle, ke oku kuphela kuthetha ukuba isalathisi kufuneka ithathe indawo okanye ingasetyenziswanga konke. Ukuba ukuhlolwa akubonakali naziphi na iingxaki, ngoko uqala ukujonga nge-multimeter. Kule meko, umhloli kufuneka ashintshwe kwimodi yokumelana nokumelana nokumelana. Nantsi indlela elula yokufumana ukuba i-varistor isebenza. Indlela yokuvavanya ukusebenza kwayo, sele siyiqwalasele, ngoku makhe sixoxe ngendlela yokukhetha izinto eziyimfuneko.

Indlela efanelekileyo yokusebenza

Ngenxa yobubanzi obuphezulu befowuni, ukufumana iipameter ezifanelekileyo kwesekethe akuwona umsebenzi olula. Ngenxa yoko, kunzima kwaye kubalwa izibalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kule meko yinkqubo yokusebenza okwangoku, ixabiso ekufuneka libe liphantsi kwaye lingakhokelela ekugqithiseni kwecebo. Kodwa apha kufuneka ulinganise. Emva koko, ukuba usebenzisa i-current low work current, ke umda we-voltage uya kwanda, kwaye idivayisi ayiyi kuyenza umsebenzi wayo oyintloko. Njengendlela "enobucebe", umntu unokufumana umgaqo onjalo: i-DC esebenzayo yombane ayifanele idlule ngaphaya kwe-0.85 kwinqanaba le-varistor. Kodwa le ndlela elula kwizenzo ayisebenzisekanga. Emva koko, umsebenzi we-varistor uqobo, kwaye umphumo ofunwayo, kunye nemida yesithintelo, kufuneka ukhethwe kwimeko nganye.

Khetha kwaye ufake

Inyaniso yokuba ama-varistors kufuneka abekwe ngokufanayo nezixhobo zombane ezikhuselweyo, sele sithe. Indawo ekhethiweyo kakhulu yokukhupha i-varistors yindawo emva kokuba idivaysi yokutshintsha (ukuba ibonwe kwinqanaba lomthwalo, elimele likhuselwe). Njengomzekelo wesisombululo esenziwe ngokufanelekileyo, umntu unokuthetha ngemveliso yesityalo esishicilelwe ngaphambili esinegama elithi Impulse-1. Le varistor yenzelwe ukulungiswa kwipaneli yombane. Ngombulelo, unokwenza usebenze iskimu sokukhusela umthwalo wesigaba esine-"star" okanye "unxantathu" uxhumano. Ngapha koko, khetha ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zombane ezi-3 ezixhaswe ngethungelwano lwesigaba esithathu.

Khetha

Ukuthetha nge-varistor, yintoni na, awukwazi ukuyihoxisa impawu zayo, ezibalulekileyo emsebenzini:

1. Uxinzelelo lokumisa. Leli gama lexabiso apho i-1 mA ihamba ngayo kwi sixhobo.
2. Umbane ophezulu ovumelekileyo. Ngaloo nto ithetha ixabiso apho umlindi okhuselayo kwaye uqala ukwenza imisebenzi yokukhusela eyabelwe kuyo.
3. Umbane ophezulu ovumelekileyo DC. Kuyafana neenguqu zangaphambili. Kodwa kule meko le pharamitha ibandakanyeka ngomsebenzi okhoyo ngoku.
4. Umlinganiselo ophezulu wokunciphisa umbane. Le yile xabiso apho i-varistor inokusebenza ngaphandle komonakalo. Njengomthetho, kuboniswe ngokwahlukileyo kwiimpawu ezikhoyo zangoku. Ukuba udlula le xabiso, i-varistor iya kuqhekeza kwisiqingatha okanye ize ihlukane.
5. Ubuninzi bamandla. Kukhonjiswe kwiimidlalo. Kuxabisa amandla amaninzi e-pulse, echithwa yi-varistor ngendlela yokushisa ngaphandle kokusongela idivayisi ngokwayo.
6. Ixesha lokuphendula. Le yithuba apho idivaysi idlulayo ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye ukuba i-voltage evumelekileyo iyagqithwa. Njengomthetho, kulinganiswa kwiininzi ze-nanosecond.
7. Ukunyamezela. Oku kukuxabisa, utshintsho apho umbane we-qualifier we-varistor uthathwa njengesiqhelo. Ichongiwe rhoqo kwipesenteji. Njengoko kwakunokwenzeka ukuqonda ukusuka kwinqaku ngaphambili, le pharamitha iboniswe ngetekisi ekupheleni kokumakisha.

Sebenzisa

Masiqwalasele, umzekelo, umnatha we-220 volts. Ngenxa yoko, iifowuni kunye nombane osebenzayo kwi-275-420V iya kuba neyona nto iphezulu (kodwa kukho ezinye iinguqu zobuciko esiyikuzichaphazela). Abaristors abathathu basetyenziswa njengefayile yokucoca . Bavimbela ukungena kwamapulse kunye nesigaba kunye nezijikelezo zero. Kutheni kukho ezintathu? Ngamanye amaxesha kwenzeka ukuba kwiindaba zikho iingxelo zeengxaki, ngenxa yokuba amawaka abantu alahlekelwe yi-electronics. Oku kwenzekayo xa esikhundleni sezero kunye nesigaba, kuphela kuphela wokugqibela ohamba ngeencingo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ngoku phantse kubakho ukufa ngokuqinisekileyo. Kodwa ubukho be-varistor kwi-zero kwenza kube lula ukukhusela kwiimeko ezinjalo. Njengomzekelo, sinokuthetha ngeefowuni zomnxeba. Ukuze bangatshiswa, sebenzisa i-miniature multilayer varistors. Ukongeza, ziyakwazi ukufumaneka kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nekhompyuter electronics.