VAZ turbo: apho uqala khona, umyalelo kwi-turbo

Phantse bonke abaqhubi namhlanje bazama ngandlela-thile ukuhlukanisa imoto yabo emfuleni, yenza imoto ekhethekileyo. Ukuphucula iimpawu zokuqhuba kubandakanyeka ngokukhawuleza emva kokufumana. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezindleleni ungayifumana i-Turbo VAZ. Ngokufakelwa kwe-turbocharging kwiinjini ze "AvtoVAZ" kunokunyusa kakhulu amandla enjini. Kodwa ngaphandle kwe-turbine, kodwa ngokufakela izixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo, ukunyuka okukhulu kwamandla akufumaneki. Makhe sibone indlela yokudibanisa injini ye-VAZ.

Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nokukhupha

I-Turbocharging i-injection yokunyanzeliswa yomoya kumagumbi okutsha ngokudala indawo ephezulu yokuxinzelela kwindawo yokungena. Xa umqhubi wenqwelo-moto ugxininisa i-pedal kunye ne-throttle ivula, ingakumbi umoya uya kungena kwiintlobo ezininzi kunokuba ziza kunikwa i-atmosphric pressure. Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani le-oksijeni, i-carburetor okanye injector yandisa inani lemfuyo. Oku kwandisa amandla ombane.

Igumbi lokufudumala likhulu lobukhulu, kwaye umthamo wayo uxabiso lisoloko lihlala. Kwijini injini, umlinganiselo olinganiselwe womxube weoli ufakwa kuyo. Ukwandisa amandla, kuyimfuneko ukubeka umthamo omkhulu wamafutha kwisilinda. Oku kuzaliswa ngokudala uxinzelelo oluphezulu oluxinzelela umxube. Emva koko kuya kuthatha indawo encinane. Ukwenza oku, udinga i-turbo.

Iintlobo zokufaka i-turbine kwiimjini zeVAZ

Ukufakwa kwe-turbo-compressor kunamathuba amaninzi. Isisombululo sinesisindo esiphantsi. Iimvumba zihlala ziphela-ziyakwazi ukulungiswa kuyo nayiphi na injini, i-carburetors kunye nezinye iinkqubo zamandla. Ikiti ingafakwa kwii-motors ezilungiswayo, kwaye ukufakelwa akuyi kuthintela uphuhliso olongezelelweyo. Unokwenza i-turbochargers nayiphi na ubukhulu.

Kuqala kuphi?

Akukho mshini ofanelekileyo ukulungiswa. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela imeko yemoto. Kungcono ukuqhekeza imoto emhlabathini. Ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukukhubeka. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba isinyithi kwiimoto ezivela kwi-AvtoVAZ yincinci ngokwaneleyo, kwaye imithwalo ephakamileyo iyachazwa kuye. Kufanelekile ukubeka umthwalo onzima, kwaye isinyithi esiqhekezayo siya kutyhawula.

Qala ngokutshintshwa kwesinyithi kwinqanaba lejinjini ukuya kwelinye elinamandla. Xa zonke iimpazamo zomzimba zilungiswa, unokuqhubeka uhlela ngaphezulu. Ukuba imoto ithengwa ngokukhethekileyo ukulungiswa, ngoko into yokuqala yokuyenza yenze ukuba ihambe kwindawo yokucima. Okulandelayo, utshintshe i-wiring, khokelela kwindawo elungileyo yenjini okanye uyitshintshe kwi-valve -teen valve. Kwakhona uphinde uphinde uhlaziyeke inkqubo yoqhekeza kunye nokuhanjiswa.

Le ngongoma yokuqala apho umyalelo we-turbine uqala khona. Xa isinyithi ibuyela kwindawo efanelekileyo, kufuphi nombuso wefektri, ungaqhubeka. Ngokukodwa, sesele sazi ngokwaneleyo malunga nezixhobo zokuhlawula i-turbo.

Iinjine ezifanelekileyo

Indlela elula ukuyenza i-Turbo VAZ ngesiseko seyunithi ye-valve eyi-16. Ikwahluke ngokuyila ngendlela elula kwaye ngenxa yoko, kubuye kulula ukulungiswa nokugcinwa. Kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu - kukulungele ukuhamba kweemoto, kuba ngexabiso eliphantsi likwazi ukuvelisa amandla aneleyo.

Iinjongo ezindala ezixhotyiswe ngumbane wonikezelo lwamandla we-carburetor, afana nokulungiswa, phantse ungaboleki. Kodwa ezinye iingcweti zakha i-VAZ-2106 turbo. I-valve-injini ye-valve i-8 iya kulungele ukusebenza komphakathi, nangona kunjalo, kwii-motorsports, onke amahhashi afunekayo kwaye abalulekile. Iingcali ngokucwangcisa ngokuzenzekelayo zincoma ukusebenzisa ii-injini zeVAZ eziyi-16 kuphela.

Yintoni efunekayo ukwakha injini ye-turbocharged?

Kulabo abafuna ukufumana amandla angama-200+, kukulungele ukufumana ibinjini ye-injini "kwiLada Kalina". Ungasebenzisa ibhloko ukusuka kwi-VAZ-2110, nangona kunjalo, xa ukha imoto kwi-motorsport, nayiphi na into encinci ibalulekile. Injini nayo ifuna i-crankshaft esuka eKalina, apho i-crank ine-75.6 mm ububanzi. Iipiston zeVAZ turbo zilungele ukuthenga izinto eziqingqiweyo, ukuqala ukuzinqumla inotshi phantsi kwesidingo esifanelekileyo sokunyanzeliswa.

Turbocharger

Lo mgcobhozi wenziwe ngefom yeyunithi ehlukeneyo, eqhutyelwa ibhande lokuqhuba.

Umgqibela uza kuthatha i-torque kwi-crankshaft. I-compressor ayixhunyiwe kwinkqubo yokucoca okanye yokupholisa imoto. Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olungaphezu kwexesha, ngezinye iimeko ezenzeka kwi-intake ye-intake kwiindlela ezithile zokusebenza, i-valve eyongezelelweyo ixhunyiwe emoyeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukulungiswa kwemoto kusetyenziswe iinguqulelo ezimbini ze-compressors-i-centrifugal kunye ne-screw. Eyokuqala yenziwe ngendlela yenkopho, ngaphakathi apho kukho umzila. Kwi- compressor ye-screw, uxinzelelo lufunyenwe ngokukhawuleza ukujikeleza ezimbini iingqayi ezinezixhobo.

Iimoto zokuzilungisa zisebenzisa i-centrifugal compressors. Zifinyeleleka ngakumbi, zinokulinganisa okuncinci, zilula ukufaka. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zentsebenzo zikhawulelwe ngesivinini sejinjini, ingavelisa ngaphaya kwe-0.7 bar yokuxinzelelo. I-compressor inokuphakamisa amandla enjini ukusuka ku-15% ukuya kuma-30% kwizinga eliphezulu ukuya kumawaka angama-40 ngomzuzu. Esi sibonakaliso esinzulu kakhulu.

Phakathi kweenzuzo ze-compressors ziyakwazi ukuhlala zizinzileyo kunye nokuthembeka, iimfuno ezincinci kummandla we-motor, ukulungiswa kokufakela, ukufumaneka. Kwinkqubo ye-turbocharger, i-pickup ihamba ngesivinini sesithathu okanye ngaphezulu. Imoto ngokukhawuleza ithatha ingqalelo ekudakaleni kwe-pedal - kulo mzekelo akukho, oko kuthiwa "i-turbojam", eyenzekayo xa kufakwa ezinye i-superchargers. Nangona kunjalo, ngesivinini esiphezulu seenjini (ngaphezulu kwamawaka amawaka), ukuzuza kwamandla akubonakali.

Intsimbi yegesi

Phakathi kweempawu ze-turbine zingabonwa ngokukhawuleza ukujikeleza kwayo. Inokufikelela kumawaka angama-200 i-rpm, ngelixa uxinzelelo lunokufikelela kwi-2 bar. Le ngxube iyakwazi ukwandisa amandla enjini ukuya kuma-50 ekhulwini. Iibherelo ze-turbine ziyajikeleza ngokukhawuleza kwaye zifuna lubrication. Inkqubo ixhunyiwe kwiinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo. I-turbine idinga ixesha elithile lokufumana isivinini esifanelekileyo. Ngoko ke, iya kuqala ukusebenza emva kweevili ezintathu. Ukuba uzama ukugxininisa ngokukhawuleza i-pedelerator nge-speed injini ye-injini, ukunyuswa kwegesi ye-exhaust kuya kuba mncinci ukuqhuba leyunithi. Unokuziva ukusilela. Le ngxaki ayichazwa nto kodwa "i-turbojama."

Sakhetha i-turbocharger

Ukuba ufaka iqela elincinci, liya kusebenza kwii-revs ezincinci neziphakathi kwe-crankshaft. Kuphezulu icompressor ayiyi kusebenza. Ngohlobo olubanzi, yonke into iyafani. Iimodeli eziqhelekileyo ezifakwe kwi-TD04L ezivela kwi-Subaru, TD05 - i-Mitsubishi, i-Garett turbines, ii-turbines zaseTshayina ezinomgangatho ophazamisayo-T3 kunye ne-T4.

Ukupholisa

Ngokupholisa i-VAZ turbo yonke into elula. Faka ii-radiators eziqhelekileyo ezivela kwi-VAZ-2110, njengoko zisebenza kakuhle. Ungafaka kwakhona i-intercooler. Ukuba inkulu kakhulu, ingabangela iingxaki.

Umncinci akanako ukusebenza kakuhle kwaye akayi kuba nexesha lokupholisa umoya owenziwe kwiisilinda.

Ivalve yokuvutha

Le nxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukukhupha ezinye zomoya emva kokuvalwa komphetho. Ukuba le valve ayikho, ngoko uxinzelelo luyakwazi ukuphula yonke into yokudibanisa. Kukho ezininzi iiplavesi zale marike-ezivela kwimizi-mveliso ukuya kwazo ezenziwe yedwa.

Valve "iWestgate"

Le valve kuyimfuneko ukuvumela enye umoya ukuba idlule kwi-turbine. Ngaloo ndlela, uxinzelelo olusisiseko kwinkqubo lugcinwa.

Iiseti ezilungiselelwe

Ukwenza i-turbo-motor, akukho imfuneko ukuqokelela isethi yezixhobo eziyimfuneko. Namhlanje ungathenga iisethi ezilungiselelwe. Ziye zenzelwe zombini ii-valve eziyi-16 kunye ne-8-valve injection.

Hlela iinjini ze-valve eziyi-8

Ikiti ye-turbo ye-injini ye-8-valve ineziganeko ezilandelayo. Iyakwazi ukuvelisa uxinzelelo lwe-0.5 bar. Ngeli kit, unako ukwandisa amandla kwi-horse power 120 kunye ne-torque ibe ngu-190 Nm. Ukufakela le kethi ayichaphazeli ubomi bendiza yamandla. Ukufakela kulula, kwaye zonke iinxalenye ezisuka kwikiti zithinteka. Ukufakela, akudingeki ukuba ngandlela-thile uhlaziye injini.

Isixhobo se turbo siquka:

• Umqokeli weCandelo.
• Turbocharger.
• Iibhasikidi.
• Iifowuni yeeyile.
• Inkqubo yokubonelela.
• I-Valve yokunxinxiswa koxinzelelo.
• Izinto zokuxhuma.
• Ukuzila kunye nezinye iinkcukacha.

Ukusekwa kweeyunithi eziyi-16-valve kufana ngokufanayo. Kwakhona iimpawu zayo zobugcisa ziyafana. Xa kuthengiswa kunokwenzeka ukufumana i-turbo-whale kwi-8-valve engine ukufikelela kuma-horse power 250. Isebenzisa i-turbocharger kunye noxinzelelo lwebar 1.

Ukunyuka

Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukusetyenzisa injini kunye nenkqubo ye-turbocharger inkqubo efanelekileyo. Nangona abavelisi beetekethi kwaye bathi unokuyenza ngaphandle kokuphucula injini, oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Kuqala kuphi? Ewe, ngokuthengwa kweemfuno ezifunekayo kunye nokulungiswa kwenjini. Kubalulekile ukutshintsha iipiston, iindandatho, i-gasket head headset, umlawuli wamanzi, i-throttle, kunye nemibhobho kunye nezinye iindawo. Zonke ezi zixhobo kufuneka zibe zithembeke ngokusemandleni.

Kufuneka kwakhona kukhunjulwe ukuba ukwakhiwa kwemoto enamandla kunokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kumzekelo we-turbine. Uqeqesho luya kukhululeka ngokupheleleyo. Umzekelo, ukwenzela ukwakha i-turbo VAZ-2106, okokuqala kufuneka ubeke indawo yombane.

Kufuneka ukuba ufake i-unit-injector unit. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukulungiselela injini. Imoto iyaqhaqhalwa, iisilinda, i-crankshaft, intonga yokudibanisa, ipompu yeoli iyahlolwa. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, gaya isunithi. Iipiston kufuneka zithengwe emva kokuba iillinders zilungiselelwe.

Ngaphezulu, izihlanganisi zidibeneyo. Kule nqanaba, faka iijectject, utshintshe ipompo yamanzi. Emva koko faka i-receiver, ukhuphe ngokuphindaphindiweyo uze ufake i-turbine. Kwakhona ukhupha zonke izinto zensimbi. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, isigaba sokugqibela siyakulinganisa. Amandla amakhulu, i-torque kunye nezinye iimpawu zesithuthi ziya kuxhomekeka kwindlela osebenza ngayo kwaye ngokuchanekileyo utshintsho lwenziwe. Ukuba yonke imisebenzi yokulungiselela kunye nendibano yenkqubo ingenziwa yedwa, ke ngoko kulungelelaniswa kuya kuba ngcono ukuphendukela kubaqeqeshi (ngakumbi ukuba iVAZ iyitrbo negesi). Ngendlela, ngoku kukho inkqubela enkulu malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka yini ukubeka "i-turbo" i-HBO. Iingcali zithi inani le-octane yomxube onjalo lingaphezulu kwama-102. Ngoko ke, i-gas ayinobungozi ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla.