Veliky Novgorod: ingubo iingalo. Veliky Novgorod: yinto Umfuziselo mihla le sixeko?

Eyona mithombo yemihla kakhulu yamandulo bathi xa Varangian prince Rurik weza ngqo amazwe nokuxubana yamandulo, kwakukho Novgorod emi. I ingubo iingalo umzi - umthombo ezi iimfihlelo nokungangqinelani, ngesisombululo apho ekulweni izizukulwane ethnographers kunye ngembali. Iingubo iingalo yabonakala ukususela ukuvela ixesha Novgorod iisimboli zokuqala imbali.

Shicilela Novgorod Republic

Xa amatywina ezahlukahlukeneyo eziye yokuvikela izivumelwano zorhwebo abarhwebi Novgorod kunye abarhwebi angaphandle kunye imvume kwezivumelwano kunye nemimiselo ye kwiriphabliki Novgorod, kusetyenziswa ezintlanu umfanekiso engundoqo: Iisus Hristos, umkhweli, joni yonyawo, izilwanyana neentaka. Phakathi kwabo bantu equka ingubo yanamhlanje iingalo Veliky Novgorod - etroneni, amabhere ezimbini, intlanzi.

Kuba ngqa imifanekiso ezifanayo kuvela emva nokudliwa lokugqibela Novgorod kuRhulumente eMoscow izihlandlo Ivana Groznogo ngokohlobo eyenziwe 1565 ngokuyalelwa wokumkani yoshicilelo Novgorod irhuluneli. Kule fomu lwafika wokutywina karhulumente enkulu Ivan IV. Yena kuchazwa ngokuthi "indawo" phezu kwayo - kubasebenzi, kwelinye icala - ibhere, enye - loo ingqawa, emazantsi - iintlanzi. "Indawo" ibizwa ngokuba Veche "ehle" - Yima amanyathelo, apho wabhenela ebantwini ebudeni iintlanganiso siphela le Novgorod Republic.

utoliko olwahlukileyo

Amanqaku Complex engaqhelekanga, nto leyo iqulathe Novgorod ingubo, uye utoliko ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Asingabo bonke abaphandi amalungiselelo iinkcazo eqhelekileyo ukuba imbonakalo iibherekazi ngenxa ubukho phakathi kweentlanga awayehlala kwelo lizwe Novgorod, ukunqulwa esi silwanyana, neentlanzi amele kubugcisa yamandulo abantu ababehlala kunxweme Lake Ilmen, kunye nobutyebi amanzi alo kunye nezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo.

Eyaziwa umbono ukuba abalinganiswa kuboniswe itywina Ivan IV, kukho isoyikiso abantu inkululeko-bothando Novgorod eMoscow tsar. Abasebenzi wayibeka phezu Veche zephodiyamu kuthetha ulawulo urhulumente eMoscow nguzwilakhe phezu iminqweno republic yabemi. Izilwanyana zasendle emacaleni abonakalisa amandla amanene eMoscow kunye nemilinganiselo sazela, kulindwe nabangevayo. Pisces ubonisa amanzi, apho labo onesibindi ukulwela inkululeko iza kuchithwa. Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, nakwiintlanzi njengomfuziselo kaYesu - bubungqina amandla ombuso inkxaso amagunya awongamileyo.

Kungekudala emva imbonakalo iziganeko Great Seal Ivana Groznogo yenzekile, ngokutsho kwezinye eqinisekisa ukuchaneka abo ukuze ubaphatha ingubo Novgorod ingalo. Novgorod egxekwa eMoscow ngokungcatsha ukumkani phantsi kudalwa enogonyamelo.

"Titulyarnik" Alexei Mikhailovich

Le zodumo of heraldry Russian lwekhulu XVII kukho ukuguqulwa lokugqibela iisimboli Novgorod, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye sakudala. Liyayishicilela mural of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ingubo iingalo print efanayo amaxesha Veliky Novgorod of Ivan IV, kodwa ingqawa kuyo yonke loo nto, indawo lebhere yesibini.

Collection yeesimboli imbali, leyo ithiwe thaca kwi-uyise Peter I - «Titulyarnik" ngo-1672 - ixesha lokuqala ibonisa iseti epheleleyo amacandelo idyasi Novgorod ingalo. Ubephila Tribune similise etroneni apho kwakukho intonga, emnqamlezweni, nesiphatho sezibane, oko singqongwe uthela ezimbini emazantsi - neentlanzi ezimbini. Olu uhlobo olwahlukileyo langoku ubambe kuphela itrone (in kwiikota ezintathu). Coat of Arms Veliky Novgorod ngo "ibhena armorial of" Minich (1730) ibonisa etroneni njengokuba ngoku - ukusuka ngaphambili.

idyasi yembali iingalo amaxesha Catherine

uguquko Administrative uKumkanikazi uCatherine II, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kusekwe amaphondo kunye governorships, kuxhaswe ngokuhlanganisa imiba imbali. iisimboli uMbuso kwaziswa ukuba zingqinelane neemfuno yenzululwazi kunye gerbovedcheskoy wazuza guquki. Coat of Arms Veliky Novgorod, inkcazelo esaye samkelwa ezasebukhosini Agasti 16, 1781, ndahamba kwifomu, egqalwa Classic.

Ngelo xesha ke zilahleka ngoyaba iimpazamo. Ngokutsho imithetho imbali, imibala ezisetyenziswa iingalo zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini ekuthiwa tinctures: isinyithi kunye lwawo (lwawo). I yangaphambili ziquka igolide nesilivere, ukuya wesibini - obubomvu (ebomvu), oluhlaza, omnyama, neengubo ezimfusa, eluhlaza, yaye eminye imibala ezongezelelweyo. Umthetho ibalulekileyo tincture awukuvumeli ukuxhonywa phezu metal metal, wayesebenzisa phezu lwawo, kwaye ngaphandle kufuneka ngokucacileyo ugwetyelwe. Inkcazelo ingubo lwesizwe ngo-1781 ayiqulathanga nkcazelo, nangona itrone igolide entsimini yesilivere.

Olukhulu ubekelwe tshintsho

iidyasi heraldry yiSoviet iingalo abangekhoyo nakweyiphi na ezinomnyinyivane imiqondiso monarchical kunye nonqulo. Basinde processing kunye ingubo neengalo Veliky Novgorod. Izithombe symbology umzi ixesha kubonisa ukuba kususwe itrone yobukumkani ngentonga kunye umnqamlezo ezibekwe phezu kwawo. uthela ezimbini ibekwe ngapha nangapha amanani 859, esibonisa ukuba le yonyaka esemthethweni ekusekweni kweso sixeko. Rule of tincture ngoku waphawula, kodwa walahlekelwa ukuqhagamshelana ingubo lwesizwe kwimbali kwiinkulungwane ubudala esi sixeko sidala.

Reconstruction yeesimboli imbali nembali uqale ngabo lizwe ekuqaleni imbali entsha Russian. I wawathabatha, - ingubo Novgorod Veliky iingalo iflegi zaye ukwenziwa isekelwe phezu version zakudala kwenkulungwane XVIII. Kulo mzekelo, kwakhona, akubanga ngaphandle kobunzima: ngo-2006 zamkelwe ukhetho ngesizathu esithile, akanayo umfanekiso intlanzi kwincam emazantsi ikhaka Azure. Kuphela ngo-2010, ecela intlanzi Novgorod zabuyiselwa iingalo sixeko, waza wafumana eziphefumlelweyo, jonga zembali ekulondolozeni iimfihlelo zangaphambili.