Voznesenskaya Julia Nikolaevna: biography, isebenza

Indlela yokuphila yalo mfazi oqhelekileyo-umbongi, umbhali kunye nomthunywa-mvangeli-yayingelula. Ukongeza kwiziganeko eziqhelekileyo, incwadi yobomi bukaJulia Voznesenskaya iqulethe namaphepha anzima njengeenkampu kunye neentolongo, ukuqaphela nokugwetywa, ukufuduka kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa yonke le ndlela enameva igcwele ukukhanya okulubala kothando lukaThixo. Wafumanisa indlela yakhe yokubonakalisa kungekhona kuphela kwimisebenzi yombhali, kodwa ngenkxaso uJulia Nikolaevna Voznesensky anikezelwe ngabantu.

Ukuqala kwendlela yokuphila

Uzalwe nguJulia Nikolayevna Voznesenskaya NgoSeptemba 14, 1940 eLeningrad. Ngowe-1945, emva kwemfazwe, iTarapovskys yahambisa yonke intsapho eBerlin. Lapha, empuma kweso sixeko, kwimikhosi yaseSoviet yayingumntata, owayesebenza njengenjineli yempi.

Ngowe-1949, intsapho yabuyela ezweni lakubo. Lapha iVoznesenskaya Yulia ingena kwi-Leningrad Institute of Theater, Music and Cinema kwaye iqala umsebenzi wayo wokudala kwintsimi yobugcisa obungacwangciswanga. Kule nkalo yobomi ukuba ukuboshwa kokuqala kuxhunyiwe, okwenzeka ngo-1964 kwaye iphelile ngomnyaka wokunyanzeliswa kwabasebenzi.

Iminyaka Yobutsha Yokuphila

Ngokuzalwa komntwana wokuqala, kwafuneka ndishiye izifundo zam. Kamva, uYulia wathunyelwa kwisikhundla sezokwelapha, okwakusemva koko sahlala singagqibekanga. Kwakhona uzama isandla kwizinto zorhwebo. Ekuqaleni kowama-1960 yayibhalisana nephephandaba laseMurmansk. Kwabonakala enye yeencwadi zakhe zokuqala-ivesi "eLapland."

Wazama yena kunye nezinye i-hypostases. Phakathi no-1960, uJulia Nikolayevna kunye nendoda kunye noonyana bakhe bathuthela kwidolophana yaseVazhiny, kufuphi nommandla kunye nomoya ococekileyo. Esi sigqibo sasinxulumene nezifo eziqhelekileyo zendodana encinane. Apha isibini esi sibini sasizifumanisa ngaphezu kokufaneleka. Indoda yayiphethe iNdlu yeNkcubeko, kwaye uJulia Nikolaevna ngokwakhe waba ngutitshala kwisikolo somculo. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokubuyiselwa kwendodana kwaye ngenxa yengcinezelo yamagosa asekuhlaleni, intsapho kufuneka ihambe kule ndawo.

UJulia Voznesenskaya - umbongo

Apha ngamagama ambalwa kufuneka athethe ngegama lokudala. U-Julia Voznesenskaya, ogama lakhe langempela nguVoznesenskaya-Okulova, wamkela ubuncwane bakhe bokubamba umyeni wakhe wokuqala. Le nyunyana yayifutshane kwaye yatshatyalaliswa. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhlukana kukaJulia Nikolayevna wanquma ukushiya igama elivumelanayo.

Iipampula zokuqala zeepeni zenzeka phantsi kolawulo lukaTatyana Gnedich. Eyaziwa ngokubanzi ngo-1960, umbongo kunye nomhumushi wenza iqumrhu lokubhala phantsi apho abongi abaninzi abanetalente nabalobi bezakhono zabo. Yayiye uJulia Nikolaevna Voznesenskaya wambiza ngokuba ngumfundisi wakhe wokuqala kunye nootitshala kuphela, abafumene imithombo yobungqina bombongo. Umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nompapasho wokuqala ngo-1966 wamukelwa kakuhle nguTatyana Grigorievna kwaye kamva bawaxabisa kakhulu ngabafundi.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-60, imisebenzi kaJulia Nikolayevna yayishicilelwe kumaphephancwadi ahlukeneyo. Kwakulo xesha ke yena wazibiza njengomlobi othembisayo. Ngenye yeenkondlo zabhalwa ingoma ebizwa nguEdita Pieha.
Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1968 zonke iimpapasho zikaJulia Voznesenskaya kwiimpapasho zaseSoviet zaphela. Isizathu salolu hlobo lweemeko sasingumxholo othi "Ukuhlasela", apho imbongi yachaza iziganeko ezenzeka eCzechoslovakia.

Umbongo wabangela ukuphendula okungahambi kakuhle kwamagunya aseSoviet: UVoznesenskaya wabizwa kwi-KGB, apho emva kokuphinda aphandwe ngemibuzo, ngaphandle kokufumana izono kunye nokuzisola, wayesongela ukumhlwayela. Kwakukho intetho eninzi ebomini bombhali.
Emva kolu ganeko, uJulia Nikolaevna wayenokukwazi ukumfundela ngemisebenzi yakhe kuphela ngenxa ye-samizdat. Iimibhalo ezininzi zeembongo zapapashwa ngale ndlela. Kodwa kunzima ukusho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zingaphi imisebenzi ayenayo ngelo xesha. Ii-Archives zagcinwa ngabantu abanomdla kunye nabaxhamli beetalente kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo nto, kwakukho iingxaki ezininzi. Iindawo apho imiqulu yesigcinwa yayigcinwa yayisoloko isesha.

Amaphephancwadi awayewushicilela ngayo imibongo yakhe iVoznesenskaya Julia, ayengavumi. Kwezinye zazo wenza njengommemezeli ("Lepta", "Owesifazane kunye neRashiya").

Imisebenzi ye "Nkcubeko yesiBini"

Ngowe-1970, iVoznesenskaya uJulia kunye nentsapho yakhe behlala kwindlu yokuhlala eZhukovsky. Apha ahlala emagumbini ambalwa, elinye lawo libe yindawo yokudibanisa abantu abatsha abanetalente. Uluntu luzibiza ngokuthi "Inkcubeko yesiBili". Eli gama lalingqinela. Kwakujoliswe kumgangatho wokuqala - inkcubeko yamaSoviet.

Abantu abaselula bazama ukuzimisela. Ngowe-1974, badala iqoqo yemisebenzi ebizwa ngokuthi "Lepta". Oku kwakuquka enye yeenkondlo zikaJulia Nikolaevna. Isicelo sokushicilelwa sasinqatshelwe ngokusemthethweni ngabaphathi baseSoviet.

Ngomnyaka we-1975, "iNkcubeko yesiBili" yaququzelela inyathelo lokuqhankqalaza: ukubonakaliswa kunye nesiteleka esilambileyo, esizinikezelwe kwisiganeko sokugwetywa kuka-Decembrist.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva abantu abatsha "bahlobisa" iindonga zezakhiwo ezitrato zaseLeningrad kunye nezivakalisi ezityhila abalawuli baseSoviet. Ukuphakama kukaJulia wayevalelwe enye yeyokuqala, kodwa wenqaba ukunikela ubungqina, wabuya wakhululwa.
Kamva, sele sele sele ngo-1976, ngexesha lokukhangela i-flat flat of the poetess, ii-KGB zafumana iincwadi ezininzi eziqulethe i-anti-Soviet propaganda. Ngenxa yoko, uJulia Nikolayevna wayevalelwe, ebusika ka-1977 inkundla yaqhutywa. Umbhali wagwetywa waza wanikwa iminyaka emihlanu ekudingisweni eVorkuta.

Iikampu kunye neeNxulumano

Wahlala apho ixesha elide. Emva kokufunda ngovavanyo lwabahlobo bakhe, wabaleka. Injongo yalo yayikubalumkisa ukuba abazange bafune ukuguquka koko benzayo.

Nangona kunjalo, akazange akwazi ukufikelela enkundleni. Ukubanjwa kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kuqulwe ityala. Emva kokuba uJulia Nikolaevna uthunyelwe kwidolophana yaseBozoy, owayengummandla wase-Irkutsk. Iminyaka emihlanu yenkcazo yatshintshwa yiminyaka emibini nesiqingatha seenkampu.

Ixesha elichithwe kwiinkampu zeenkampu, zibandakanya kumaphepha amanoveli kunye neengcoko, echaza ngokuphila kanzima kwabasetyhini kule ndawo. Kwaye kwanokuthetha ngezinto ezilukhuni, uJulia Nikolaevna umele yonke into kwifom engumfuziselo, egxininisa yonke into enobungangamsha. Ngethuba lokuhlala eenkampini, wabhala iincwadana kubahlobo bakhe, echaza izinto ezimbi kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha ayengafanelanga entloko. Kodwa, nangona konke oku, umgca ngamnye wawuxhomekeke ngethemba, apho uYulia Nikolaevna "anesifo" kwabanye. Ngokukodwa abesetyhini-abathintekayo, abafunda izibongo zezo zibongo njengeAkhmatova, Esenin, Tsvetaeva. Waxelela abanye ngoYesu Kristu.

Isidingo sakhe esiphuthumayo sokukhumbula nokuxelela abantu abaphila ngexesha lakhe, abantwana babo nabazukulu oko kwenzeka ngokwenene ngelo xesha, kwakukho kumabali encwadi yesizwe "Amanqaku avela kwiSleeve". Kukho amabinzana amancinci ngala majikelezo esihogo kangangokuba abantu abaninzi bexesha lamaSoviet kunye nomlobi kwafuneka badlule.

Ukongezelela kumanqaku, kukho enye imisebenzi echazela ngokuphila kwabasetyhini ekuvalelweni: "Ikampu yabasetyhini e-USSR", "iComomile White".

Ukufuduka kunye nobomi emva

Ngo-1980, u-Yulia Nikolaevna wayecelwa ukuba axoshwe kwilizwe. Ekunye nentsapho yakhe, wahlala ixesha elithile eVienna. Kamva wafaka isicelo sokukhuselekiswa kwezopolitiko kubaphathi be-FRG. Iminyaka emine yokuqala yokufudukela kwamanye amazwe yayibanjelwe eFrankfurt am Main. Lapha wazinikela ekusebenzeni kwintlangano yamazwe ngamazwe evikela amalungelo abantu. Kamva, emva kokufudukela eMunich, wasebenza iminyaka elishumi njengomhleli kwiRadio Liberty.

Ngo-2002, uJulia Nikolayevna wabuyela kwisikhululo saseJamani. Uninzi lwemisebenzi yamaOthodox yabhalwa apha. Kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wayefunde ukuba wayegula. Ngethuba lokugula kwakhe wenza imisebenzi emininzi. UJulia wafa ngoFebruwari 20, 2015 waza wangcwatywa eBerlin.

Ukhetho lweOthodoki

Ngomnyaka we-1973, iVoznesenskaya uJulia Nikolaevna wayebeka umkhondo kwindlela yokholo lwase-Orthodox waza wathabatha ubhaptizo olungcwele. Olu khetho luyazi. Nguye owamncedisa ukuba adlule ukuvavanywa kweenkampu kunye neenkcukacha kunye nokugcina entliziyweni yakhe uthando lukaThixo nabantu.

Kamva, sele sele esethunjiwe, uJulia Nikolaevna waqhelana noyise wakhe ongokomoya - umfundisi uMark Arndt, owafuduswa nguBawo Nikolai Artemov. Emva kokufa komyeni, iVoznesenskaya igqiba ukuhlala kwindawo yeendwendwe. Kwaye ngo-1996 wanikwa i-Lesninskaya iindwendwe zamakhosikazi, apho uJulia Nikolayevna wachitha iminyaka emininzi yobomi bakhe.

Yayilapha apho imisebenzi yase-Orthodox yabonwa, phakathi kwayo yokuqala eyayiyomzekeliso webali "Iimvakalo zam zangemva."

I-Orthodoxy kunye nendawo yayo kumsebenzi wombhali

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imisebenzi yeminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bombhali yayixhomekeke kwiingqungquthela zama-Orthodox. Phakathi kwezona zidumileyo - iindibano "Iimvakalo zam ezixhamlayo", "Indlela yeCassandra", "I-pilgrimage yeLancelot" kunye nabanye. Kwimibini yokuqala ngowama-2003, uJulia Voznesenskaya wanikezelwa ngesihloko sozuko esithi "UMongameli Omhle Wonyaka".

Eyaziwayo njengebali: "iintsuku ezili-100 ngaphambi koMkhukula" kunye "Nyana weNkokheli." U-Yulia Nikolaevna unemisebenzi yabantwana. Phakathi kwabo, i-trilogy "uJulianne", kunye neqoqo le "Glade Glade".

Ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe emininzi yanikezelwa ngamagama ahloniphekileyo kunye namabhaso. Ukuqwalaselwa okukodwa kuye kwathathwa kwi "Adventures Posthumous". Kuba eli bali uJulia Nikolavna waqala ukuqwalasela inzala yekhethelo ekhethekileyo - i-Orthodox fantasy. Ezi zidibeneyo zivela kunye nomntu oyintloko, ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye zidwebe emva kokufa.

Indlela yokudala yombhali ingqina ukuba uJulia Voznesenskaya ungumlobi we-Orthodox. Kwaye nangona engabhaleli imbongo, kodwa u-prose, yonke imisebenzi yakhe yimbongo. Mhlawumbi yeso sizathu ukuba kulula ukufunda, kwaye abantu babo bakhumbula.

Indlela yoBumvangeli

U-Julia Nikolaevna Voznesenskaya, owakhe umzobo ugcwele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo, ngumfanekiso womntu ozama ukunceda abanye.

Le ndoda yayingathetha nje ngokuthethelelekileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wabambisana nabaphathi beengqondo abaye banceda abantu abagula kakhulu. Kancinci, lo msebenzi wanda waba unxibelelwano ngoncedo lweencwadi. Ukusebenza njengomodareyitha kwiindawo zePerezhim.ru kunye nePobedishi.ru, kunye neengcali zeengqondo ze-Orthodox, wabonelela ngenkxaso ebalulekileyo kulabo abafuna uncedo ngokukodwa. Phakathi kwabantu abaphendukele kwisayithi, kwakukho ukuzibulala, kunye nabangenako ukusinda ekufeni kwabathandekayo.

U-Julia Nikolaevna Voznesenskaya, onesithombeni sakhe esoloko esikhanyisa ukukhanya okungabonakaliyo kunye nobubele, iya kuhlala ezintliziyweni zabantu abaninzi kungekhona nje njengombhali omhle, umntu othembekileyo, kodwa nokuba ngumhlobo onomusa-uncedo, unesihe kwaye uyathuthuzela.