Elinor Farjon: Ubomi, iiNgqungquthela zabantwana

U-Elinor Farjon ungumdlali weendaba zesiNgesi kunye nesondlo sabantwana, abaye baziwa ngabafundi baseRussia babonga uNine Demurova kunye no-Olga Varshaver. Benza inguqulelo yamabhinqa akhe amabini: "Ndifuna inyanga" kunye "neNkosikazi yesixhenxe." Ngaloo ndlela, imisebenzi ye-Soviet ye-Elinor yavela. Nangona le nyaniso yesiNgesi yaqatshelwa njengombhali wabantwana, ngokuqhelekileyo umsebenzi wakhe uba mnandi kakhulu kwaye ufunda ngabantu abadala.

U-Elinor Farjon, owathi amabali awazange amthandane kunye nabantu basekhaya, kodwa naye wakwazi ukufumana abafundi bakhe abazinikezele emhlabeni wonke, wabhala imibongo yabantwana. Kwimiba emininzi imfihlelo yempumelelo yakhe kukuba wayezalise yonke imisebenzi yakhe kunye nefilosofi eyabhaliweyo.

U-Elinor Farjon: i-biography kunye nosapho

Eli bhinqa ngohlanga lwaluyintetho yesiNgesi. Wazalelwa ngoFebruwari 1881. Inokwenzeka ukuba, wayemiselwe ukuba ngumlobi omkhulu, kuba kwintsapho yakhe inkolelo yencwadi ikhona kwasekuqaleni.

Zonke izihlobo zakhe eziseduze zaba ngabantu bokudala. UBawo - uBenjamin Farjon, wayengumvelisi ovelele weNgesi. UMargaret Farjon - intombi yomculi odumile waseMelika uJoseph Jefferson, wayengunina wentombazana.

Intle enhle kunye nothando lweencwadi kunye nomculo abazali abafakwe kubantwana ukususela ebuntwaneni. Indlu yayihlala idlala umculo, ukufunda kunye nokuhlwa kweencwadi. Ukongezelela ku-Elinor Farjon, oonyana abathathu abakhulela entsapho. Ekhaya, intombi yakhe ibizwa ngokuba nguNellie, kwaye wonke umntu wamthanda kakhulu, kuba wayengenye intombazana phakathi kwamakhwenkwe.

Imfundo ifunyenwe

U-Elinor Farjon ebuntwaneni wayengumntwana obuthathaka kwaye wayehlala egula. Ekubeni uyise wayekholelwa ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka ahlanganyele ekuzikhuleni nasekufundeni kwakhe, kwagqitywa ukuba intombazana iya kufunda ekhaya.

Indawo yokudala eyayijikeleza i-Elinor encinci yonke indawo, igalelo eliyingqayizivele kwinto yokuba wayeqala ukuqala ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala.

Ukuqala kokudala

Imisebenzi yokuqala ka-Elinor Farjon yayiyimibongo kunye neenganekwane. Kwakhona wayekuthanda ukucaphula iimbali zamandulo zamaGrike kunye namabali ahlukeneyo eBhayibhileni. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe i-Elinor imele ifakwe kumatshini wokubhala, ukususela ebuntwaneni wayazi indlela yokwenza, kwaye naye wenza ukufundwa kokufundwa kwemisebenzi yakhe.

Ukubhala kunye nokubhala kuye kuye kwamsoloko kuye, kodwa kungekudala italente yakhe yaba yithuba lokufumana izinto eziphathekayo ebomini, ezifunekayo emva kokufa kukayise. UBenjamin Farjon wafa xa intombi yakhe yayineminyaka engama-22 kuphela ubudala, kwaye ngaloo mzuzu u-Elinor waqonda ukuba umsebenzi wakhe wawungeke nje ulale ekhaya aze avuyise abahlobo kunye nosapho, kodwa naye wanyatheliswa kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokuqala iimbongo zezingane, ezibhalwa yintombazana, zanyatheliswa ngo-1912 kwiphephancwadi elidumile laseNgesi iPunch. Ngomnyaka we-1916 incwadi yakhe yokuqala, enesihloko esithi "Iingoma zezingane ze-Old London", yapapashwa. Le mibongo yabantwana ababethe bafumana ngokukhawuleza abalandeli babo.

Iminyaka YeMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala

Xa imfazwe yaqala, umbhali waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye eLondon. UFadizhon wathuthela kwidolophana encinane kwaye wahlala apho njengowesifazane oqhelekileyo. Wayengumntu onyanisekileyo kwaye wakwazi ukuzilungiselela ngokukhawuleza bonke abantwana abakhelene nabo, baninzi kubo uElinor ababenokwenene abahlobo.

Le minyaka yayinzima kakhulu, kwaye umbhali wayenzima kakhulu: wawalela isitofu yodwa, waqokelela waza wazisa i-brushwood, kwaye wayesexakeke ngomyezo. Kodwa nangona kukho ubunzima, u-Elinor Farjon akazange ayeke ukubhala. Emva kwemfazwe, wabuyela eLondon waza waqala ukupapasha iincwadi zakhe enye.

Iingoma kunye neenkondlo kubantwana

Abagxeki abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba imibongo ebhalwe ngu-Elinor ibonisa isiseko seengqungquthela zeengcongolo ze-20 e-England. Kodwa ekumthandeni i talente yakhe engenayo yokubhala iimvumi, ungakulibali ukuba uFarjon wenza kakuhle kakuhle ngeprose. Uyaziwa ngokufanelekileyo njengomnye wabathengisi bebali beendaba ezilungileyo zekhulu lokugqibela.

Imisebenzi yakhe ayiyinto engavamile kakhulu: ngakwelinye icala, banobubele bomntwana, bafudumala kwaye banobubele, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngamanye amaxesha bayaphikisana nemithetho yengqiqo kwaye banakho ukuvusa ingxaki yokwesaba kubafundi abadala. Umsebenzi wakhe kunzima ukubiza umnqophiso kunye nokuqhelekileyo, kuba kuzo kuphelile ukuphela, okuqhelekileyo kwimiba yezingane ezininzi, ayikwazi ukuza nonke, kwaye iqhawe elihle kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa isakhiwo ingaba yinto engabonakaliyo. Imisebenzi ebhaliweyo yiFarjon ayifuni phantsi kweyiphi na iphethini, eyenza ukufunda kwabo kube mnandi ngakumbi kwaye kubonwabisayo, kuba umfundi omdala akakwazi ukuqaphela ukuba yintoni inkcazelo yezinganekwane eziza kubonakala.

IBhayibhile

U-Elinor Farjon, ombongo kunye neenganekwane zakhe zapapashwa kwaye zapapashwa ngamaxesha amaninzi, ebomini bakhe bonke wabhala ngaphezu kweencwadi ezingama-60. Phakathi kwazo kukho eziliqela ezithandwa kakhulu:

• «Imbali engaziwa».
• "Ndifuna inyanga."
• "Iiproti".
• "Young Young".
• "Ndiyatshutshisa umntwana wam."
• "Inkosikazi yesixhenxe."
• "UMartin Pippin kwisiqhamo sesithelo se-apula."
• "Ngenye imini emihle."
• "Imimangaliso. UHerodeotus. "
• "Ariadne kunye nenkunzi."
• «I-Crystal Slipper».
• "Amantonga noMeyi."
• "Ookumkani kunye namakhosikazi."
• "Umphefumlo weKol Nykon."

Ukuqatshelwa kwehlabathi kunye namabhaso omlobi

Isibhengezo sokuqala sibhaso uFardzhon ngo-1955. Ngenxa yezenzo zabantwana bakhe, u-Elinor wanikezwa iMalnegie Medal. Ngomnyaka kamva, ngowama-1956, iBhunga lamazwe ngamazwe lase-UNESCO, elijongene nemiba yobutsha kunye neencwadi zabantwana, yanquma ukwenza umbhali abe ngumvuzo wokuqala wokubhaliweyo. G. K. Andersen.

Wayifumana ukuba iqokelele iindaba ezimnandi ezibizwa ngokuba yi "Little Library". Ukugqithisa ukubaluleka kwebhaso elifunyenweyo kunzima kakhulu, kuba phakathi kwabalobi lilingana neNobel Prize. Ngesinye isikhathi uFarjon wahlala elula kakhulu kwaye ethobekileyo kwintombi de ukuphela kweentsuku zakhe.

Emva kwexesha, iingxolo malunga netalente yombhali u-Elinor wafika kwintsapho yasebukhosini. U-Elizabeth Elizabeth II wagqiba ekubeni abhiyozele umbhali ilungelo elikhethekileyo-wanikwa isihloko esichengileyo. Kodwa ebomini bukaElinor ngokwaloo makhadi ayitshintshi nantoni na.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kweentsuku zakhe, wayemthanda kakhulu izilwanyana, ingakumbi ikati, kwaye ubomi bakhe babenakho ukukhula ngaphezu kwama-kittens angama-120. Nangona udumo oluphawulekayo kunye nokwamukelwa kulo lonke ihlabathi, umbhali weenganekwane, owathandwa ngamawaka abantwana, wayehlala ngokuthobeka. Wayeyithanda ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, iphekwe ngokumnandi kwaye ikhula ngeentyantyambo.

Owesifazane othandekayo neelente akazange abe ngowama-1965. Wafa eNgilani eneminyaka eyi-84.