Wengqondo British Richard Lynn: Biography, imisebenzi kunye namanqaku anika umdla. "Evolution, ubuhlanga kunye nobukrelekrele," Richard Lynn

Richard Lynn - wengqondo waseBritani ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ngubani na umseki thiyori ukuzalana kwinqanaba yezobuntlola kunye uhlanga womntu. Le mbono ifumene ukuqondwa kwizangqa zabo, kodwa ngokuphandle iingxelo ngokobuhlanga Lynn iseyeyonanto impikiswano, kwaye abaninzi imisebenzi yakhe zithathwa ukuba zinokuphikiswa. Noko ke, kungakhathaliseki izimvo zoluntu, umsebenzi ngengqondo ibonakaliswa. Richard Lynn asibhalele iincwadi ezininzi kule kunye nezinye izihloko, nenye idumileyo ethi "Evolution, ubuhlanga kunye ubukrelekrele."

kwiminyaka yokuqala

Richard Lynn wazalwa ngo-1930 e Bristol, unyana ka zezenzululwazi Cindy Harland. Le yingcaphephe ngezityalo nengcaphephe yezinto zofuzo, wayesaziwa ngokuba umsebenzi wakhe phezu isifundo yemfuza cotton. Noko ke, uyise yena ababezahlule esemncinane xa abazali bakhe baqhawula umtshato. URichard kuqala wadibana uyise, xa wayeneminyaka elinethoba ubudala. Ke Harland wabuyela UK ukusuka Umzantsi Melika ukufundisa eyunivesithi. Lynn ngokwakhe wafumana imfundo umxhelo, kuquka melela yodumo kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge. Usebenze njengomfundisi bengqondo, kodwa udumo lwayo ifumene kuphela ngo-1973. Yaba ke yena wabhala ababangela ngokutsha livakale enkulu enye yeencwadi. Kuyo wacebisa ukuba uncedo kumazwe kwihlabathi wesithathu into ngamampunge, njengoko abemi kula mazwe yeyona mbi kakhulu kubantu njengesiqhelo abamhlophe, akulungile siqheliswe ngakumbi ukuba eli hlabathi, ngoko akukho sizathu bachithe imali ngento ukubanceda. Kungelo xesha awathi Richard Lynn wabonakala kuqala luluntu.

Yandisa kwisalathiso IQ kubantu behlabathi

Eyona nto yokuqala, apho wayesebenza Lynn - eli nqanaba intelligence ezibukhali uyaxhuma ngezangqa yehlabathi. Njengoko sele sibonile, owona mxholo uphambili, apho wafunda Richard Linn, ebomini bakhe - obuhlakani. Asinguye lowo ukusebenza ngalo mbono, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba isiphumo sezobuntlola nikhulela amarhamente wabizwa ngokuba "isiphumo Flynn 'imbeko enye ingcali yenzululwazi. Ngoku umgangatho kwaye elamkeleke bengqondo, kodwa abanye bakubiza nefuthe Lynn - noRichard iye kwakhona wenza igalelo elikhulu ufundisiso yayo Flynn,. Nangona kunjalo, oku akulindelekanga ukuba sisazinzulu sele athandwa kakhulu nje ngenxa yezi zifundo. Eyinhloko, ekuthe ngaye ihlabathi iyaziwa Richard Flynn - uhlanga.

umahluko Race kubuntlola

Kule minyaka Lynn waqhuba isifundo apho kwafunyaniswa ukuba abantu abahlala North-East Asia, kufuneka umlinganiselo amanqaku amathandathu phezu IQ, baseYurophu, owathi yena, ngomyinge amanqaku amathathu niziingqondi Afrika. Uye ishicilelwe amaphepha amaninzi ngalo mbandela, kangangokuba wayefunda Afrika American waya kwisigqibo sokuba ezo abamnyama, umbala apho elula, ezikhombisa IQ ngaphezu kwabo ntsundu ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe. Isizathu wayibiza into yokuba igazi ukukhanya-olukhanyayo Afrika-American kunye yaseYurophu ngakumbi ngoko ke ekrelekrele.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wakhe ngokubanzi bagxeka, abaphengululi abaninzi ekubonise ukuba kakhulu macala kwaye alisayi kuwathathela ngqalelo ezinye izinto ezininzi. Kodwa, ke, thina Lynn kunye nabalandeli, owavumayo konke kubhaliweyo uRichard Linn. umahluko lobuhlanga ingqondo baba ngesihloko shushu kakhulu. Ukukhokela neejenali wala ukupapasha umsebenzi wakhe, yaye nzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle Dzheyms Uotson kwanyanzeleka ukuba uzirhoxele emsebenzini wakhe xa oludale wacaphula imisebenzi Lynn.

Unxibelelwano IQ kunye Wealth of Nations

Richard Lynn kwenye yeencwadi zabo becamanga ukuba umahluko ubukrelekrele zibethwa kuchaphazela uqoqosho lwasekhaya. Ngaloo kumazwe apho kukho GDP ephantsi, wakwazi ukubona abantu intelligence asezantsi. Kwakhona, abantu abaninzi babe noluvo efanayo naleyo Richard Lynn: iiyantlukwano zobuhlanga kubuntlola apho kwaye abe negalelo elingqalileyo kwimali kwiinkalo ezininzi zobomi.

Nangona kunjalo, inani enkulu izazinzulu avotele ukuba ulwazi ukusuka kwincwadi Lynn njengento nje akunakwenzeka:-manani eziqulathwe kuyo, ongathembekanga, phantse zonke iphepha kukho izithuba ezihleli wemvula ange ngokupheleleyo kutshatyalaliswa imfundiso Lynn. Ngoko ke ukuba umsebenzi sisazinzulu zange akukhuthazwa ukuba ukufunda yaye ingqalelo njengemfeketho kwaye siyavakala, ukuba bacinge nto njengento ebalulekileyo ehlabathini yenzululwazi kakhulu.

Noko ke, oku akuzange kumthintele ukuba sisazinzulu ukusebenza ngakumbi kwicala elinye. Ukanti akukho incwadi ebhalwe ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe, uRichard Lynn. Iintlanga, izizwe, ubukrelekrele - kwaba engundoqo isihloko wakhe, kodwa lo mgaqo ibisoloko ihleli injalo. Wazama okusemandleni akhe ukungqina ukuba ubukrelekrele babantu ixhomekeke ugqatso nokuba intsukaphi yohlanga Afrika loluncinane ayikaphuhlisisi kuphuhliswa.

Uhlalutyo kwemvelo

Noko ke, eyona ababekekileyo kakuhle kakhulu emhlabeni ncwadi, eyabhalwa Richard Lynn - ". Ukudaleka, uhlanga, ubukrelekrele" Yaba yeyona wonke umsebenzi wakhe. It nokuhlalutya ubutyebi data eqokelelwe ehlabathini lonke. Ngokubanzi, le ncwadi ichaza idata kuthatyathwa ngaphezulu kwama-800 amawaka abantu. Kwi-meta-analysis Lynn kungaboniswa ukuba umyinge IQ amanqaku ngaphezulu kubantu abavela eMpuma Asia, yaye emva kubo eYurophu. Ke Afrika, injongo ephambili zophando Lynn, barhuqe emva avareji yaseYurophu lamanqaku-32. Kwezinye iimeko, uphando lubonisa ukuba Afrika usisidenge ngaphezu kubeLungu amanqaku angaphezu kwama-45. Ngawo kule ncwadi, epapashwe ngo-2006, yaye waba abanegama ihlabathi uRichard Lynn. "Evolution, uhlanga, ubukrelekrele" - umsebenzi kuye kwatsala ingqwalaselo kakuhle, kodwa nangoku ayifuni ukuthatha nzulu.

Umahluko intelligence phakathi kwamadoda nabafazi

Njengoko usazi, kakhulu Isazinzulu impikiswano yi uRichard Lynn. "Evolution, uhlanga, ubukrelekrele" - incwadi ababangela livakale enkulu eluntwini. Noko ke, ulwalamano ngokobuhlanga nobukrelekrele - belingelilo kuphela (nakuba ozithandayo) umxholo sisazinzulu. Ngokomzekelo, ngaxa lithile umsebenzi wakhe, waza wazama ukungqina ukuba abantu babe ingqondo ngaphezulu kwabafazi, kuba oko kwazeka ukuba umlinganiselo ubungakanani zobuchopho nobona ukungalingani. Noko ke, inkolelo yakhe, wawancamisa ekuhleni zizazinzulu ezininzi.

eugenics

Lynn wayesebenzisa ingqalelo eugenics, ukuzama ukuveza ezinye iingxaki zalo eziphambili. Wayekholelwa ukuba ukonakala impilo yabantu emsebenzini, ubukrelekrele kunye ingqibelelo. Isizathu, wakubethelela inkqubela yoluntu. Lynn wayekholelwa ukuba uluntu pre-mveliso zivunywa wenza ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo, kodwa njengoko uphuhliso ekuhlaleni, inkqubela amayeza, ukhetho zendalo baqalisa ukuba buthathaka, nto leyo echaza ukwehla yonke ingqondo eluntwini. Kwakhona ingxelo ukuba abantwana kunye zinga liphezulu ingqondo - kuphela entsatsheni, ngelixa abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezinkulu kufuneka amanqaku asezantsi IQ.

khona

Okwangoku, Richard Lynn ulilungu lengxowa-mali yophando enkulu Pioneer Fund, apho kungenxa inxaxheba Lynn wavuma ngokobuhlanga. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, ingxowa-mali iye exhaswa izifundo ezininzi lwezenzululwazi ukuba ngenye akwazi ukuthatha indawo. incwadi entsha Lynn iye yapapashwa kutshanje - ngo-2015. Le Isazinzulu wabuyela isihloko ayithandayo, kodwa eli xesha swi nga kwezemidlalo. Le ncwadi ibizwa ngokuba "Race and Sports: iiyantlukwano ngendaleko yaye ngokobuhlanga impumelelo kwezemidlalo."

lemveli

Enoba uphando enokuphikiswa yaye ngebala inokubonakala Lynn, ngegalelo lakhe inzululwazi kunye nofundo lokuba ingqondo yabantu elaziwayo kunye ebalulekileyo. Izazinzulu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba idatha Lynn abayiqokeleleyo kwincwadi yakhe "The Evolution of, uhlanga, nengqondo," kuba ngaphezu umxhelo, yaye le ncwadi iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu ekufundeni umahluko ingqondo zabantu. Kodwa kusenjalo abaphengululi ezinkulu abaninzi bagxeka naye rhoqo nokubohlwaya ezithile lwezimvo zakhe. Iwayini wabeka efihla engafunwayo data uphando Scientist, ukunika uluntu kuphela ingcaciso iyahambelana kunye neenkolelo zayo. Kwaye akukho nje iintshaba ezingenangqondo, ukuba izazinzulu abo ukuvuma kwabo izibakala abaziintloko. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphezu kanye kwaqinisekiswa ukuba Lynn ukuba ukufumana i-avareji amazinga ingqondo kumazwe aseAfrika baye basebenzisa data evela leenkedama kubantwana Ugula ngengqondo. Kwaye oku akunjalo kuphela, ngoko ke kunzima kakhulu ukuba kwixabiso ebusweni umsebenzi zabavakalisa sisazinzulu.