Incwadi uSigmund Freud kaThixo "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life": inkcazelo, iimpawu kunye nohlolo

Igama enye psychoanalysts ezinkulu kunye yengqondo ye-19 - 20, uSigmund Freud, wonke umntu uyazi okanye uvile.

USigmund Freud kunye negalelo lakhe kwengqondo umhlaba

Isazinzulu Austria-wazalwa yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo hayi kuphela kuphuhliso bengqondo, kodwa baba nefuthe kwezinye iinkalo zobomi kwinkulungwane yama-20, oko kukuthi, amayeza, isosioloji, uncwadi nobugcisa.

iimbono Freud malunga nendalo yomuntu ezintsha ngexesha layo, wagidima kuchasene iingqiqo lusekiwe. Ngoko iqhutywe ithiyori uSigmund Freud kaThixo wabangela livakale olukhulu phakathi abaphengululi, umntu wayithabatha kubo, umntu Wakhanyela, kodwa akanandaba awanyange Yayingekho. imisebenzi Freud zikaThixo usathandwa.

Le Isazinzulu waziwa kakhulu ngokuthi nguyise psychoanalysis. Watshayelela into enjalo njenge-component ezintathu isakhiwo psyche, nto leyo equka "Kubhaliwe", "Mna", "super-ego". Ukongeza, phakathi iimpumelelo kugqirha:

• ukufumana ixesha eneemfuno ezizodwa Uphuhliso buqu psychosexual;
• nokudalwa ingcamango "Oedipus Complex";
• ekukhetheni iindlela zokhuseleko psyche;
• ukuqulunqwa indlela ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo.

Ngexesha umsebenzi wakhe oqeqeshiweyo, Freud lapapasha inani ngemisebenzi, nto leyo ezihanjiswayo kubandakanya imiqulu-24. Okwangoku, ugqirha amayeza kunye ubenikwe Goethe Prize uprofesa, wavelisa iincwadi ngaphezu nayiphi na wengqondo, kwakunye umsebenzisi.

Iminyaka yokuqala uSigmund Freud

USigmund Freud wazalwa Meyi 6, ngo1856 kwisixeko Freiberg. Kamva, esitratweni apho ahlala intsapho, baqala ukubathwala igama sisazinzulu. Apha wegqitha kwiminyaka emithathu yokuqala yobomi uSigmund. Ngowe-1859, ngenxa ezoshishino, le ntsapho yayisecicini ezikweletini, kwakunye inkoliso yabahlali baloo mzi.

Chet Freuds bafudukela Leipzig uze emva koko uye eVienna. Emva kweminyaka emininzi uyise ubuhlwempu Freud uYakobi waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe, yaye intsapho yakwazi ukuya kummandla oluphucukileyo ngakumbi, nangona obutofotofo igama labo ubomi wayengekho.

Uqeqesho izikhanyiso elizayo sengqondo yokuqala benza unina, yaye kamva uyise, ngubani ngokwenene wafuna uSigmund waphumelela. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, abazali baphawula ikhono elikhulu uSigmund kwaye bazama zilifudumeza nokukhuthaza amkhanuke yokufunda.

Education esikolweni

Xa ndandineminyaka engama-9, uSigmund Freud uya esikolweni yaye kungekudala waba ngumfundi wokuqala eklasini. Usapho nayo iimeko ezizodwa wadala kuye. Ezinye asixhenxe abantwana ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukudlala izixhobo okanye umzalwana ngamandla ephazamisayo esikolweni, yena, ngokungafaniyo nabanye mkhaya igumbi zabo.

Kwiminyaka 17, ngempumelelo Freud kokugqiba isikolo. Emva kokuphumelela, waba sokuzikhethela amayeza, nangona waziva umdla ofundelweyo ugqirha lokwenyaniso yena engazange ngokuba.

Ukukhetha yomsebenzi

Imfundo e University of Vienna, ngokukodwa kunyaka wokuqala, kwaba nzima uSigmund, banikwa mazwi anti-isiJuda. kungquzulana rhoqo nabanye ofunda nabo wobulali ubuntu bakhe aze abe kunikezo "umgwebo elizimeleyo".

uprofesa Future wayenomdla zezilwanyana kwaye phantsi kobunkokheli utitshala wakhe amthandayo Karl uKlaus wabhala inqaku lokuqala epapashwe yi-Academy of Sciences.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uqeqesho, Freud wachitha ixesha elininzi lakhe ulwazi amalungu nokubhala amaphepha enzululwazi. Ngowe-1881, uSigmund akugqiba izifundo zakhe waza wafumana isidanga sobugqirha yakhe.

Umtshato oluzayo ukuba uMarta Bernays yafuna umsebenzi uSigmund Freud kaThixo. Ukuqala ishishini kunye namava kancinane, ngoko ke isigqibo sokuqheli- kwisiBhedlele yaseVienna City. Wakhetha indawo neuroscience, ukusebenza kunye ngezifo zabantwana. Ukuba "abanedumbe lengqondo" eli gama lisetyenziswa kakhulu kule mihla siphila kuyo. Nangona impumelelo kunye eziphunyeziweyo kule intsimi, Freud ndakhawuleza ndaphelelwa ngumdla kunye nomsebenzi wakhe waphelelwa ngumdla.

zengqondo career Early

Ngowe-1883 waya kusebenza labagula ngengqondo, apho waqalisa umsebenzi wakhe meteoric. у детей и афазии. Lasiwa umsebenzi omtsha ngokupheleleyo yaye babhala amanqaku zenzululwazi eziliqela, imixholo engundoqo kuzo Hemiplegia yobuchopho kunye aphasia ebantwaneni. Noko ke, Freud waba ukunganeliseki namandla kakhulu impumelelo yabo zobungcali kunye nokudakumba.

Ukususela 1884 ukuya 1887 Zigmund Freyd wabhala iincwadi eziliqela malunga neziphumo ezihle cocaine emzimbeni, yaye ngokubonakalayo isasaze ukuba bonke abahlobo bakho kunye nomtshakazi ngexesha elifanayo ukubandezeleka yabo kulo mkhuba. Ngowe-1887, impembelelo zomonakalo cocaine sele Enyanisweni ezamkelwe jikelele, kwaye le yinxalenye ngobomi yesayikholojisti ozama cwaka.

esebenza ngaphandle "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life"

Ngowe-1901 wapapasha umsebenzi uSigmund Freud ngokuba "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life. '' Le ncwadi iqulethe enye yophando angundoqo psychoanalyst Austria. Le ncwadi imali encinci xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izifundo ze Freud, Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba zakudala kwinkulungwane yama-20.

Kangangexesha elide esebenza nezigulane abo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga zokuziphatha, ukukhubazeka kunye ezimbi kuphuhliso, umbhali uza kwisigqibo sokuba aveza ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo anzongonzongo, kwezinye iimeko, bonisa ubukho psychoneurosis. Leyo ingcamango kule ncwadi ibonisa uSigmund Freud.

"Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" iqulethe nohlahlelo imizekelo emininzi nokuphambuka okunjalo.

Sinokuthi emva kokukhutshwa 'utoliko Dreams "," Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life "yaba umsebenzi yesibini ibalulekileyo yenzululwazi kugqirha. Le ncwadi ukuba- imodeli topological le psyche, oko ezingqondweni - ienjini - zingqondweni, yonke imizekelo ezibonisa zingqondweni kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

Incwadi ethi "The Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" ubonisa ukuba iintlobo ukuphazamiseka yokuthetha, abanale, izabelo, ukudideka ngamazwi ayikho random, kodwa kwenzeka ngenxa kwezithandani neengcinga ukuba umntu uzama ukuba kuchithwe.

Izahluko zokuqala zale ncwadi

Umbhali ayiniki imizekelo ezithile ukusuka ubomi izigulane zabo, yaye libhekisela iinkumbulo zabo, kwakunye nabahlobo kunye nezalamane abo amatyala ezifanayo yabo ngaphezu ngokwaneleyo.

Amanqaku kule sihloko uphethe izahluko ezine zokuqala kwincwadi ethi '' I Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life ''. I single, ingqokelela ehlabathini babona ngo-1904. umsebenzi Freud kaThixo wabangela livakale enkulu kuluntu lwezenzululwazi naphakathi abemi abaqhelekileyo. Umsebenzi uye waba ngomnye kakhulu zithandwa phakathi kwinginginya kwaye komelezwa ukuthembakala zezenzululwazi.

Kamva yapapashwa imisebenzi emininzi olunzulu uhlalutyo ncwadi sele ezithandwayo "I Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" (Freud). Inkcazelo kunye nohlalutyo yophando lwabo umdla kunye nomdla kwezinye izazinzulu kule yaye enxulumene iindawo.

Yintoni zingqondweni nemixholo ethi

Incwadi Freud kaThixo "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" ingqina ukuba ukwazi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamanqanaba ngokunzulu umsebenzi yengqondo. Uhlalutyo nezifo zabantwana, ngayo ukususela kwixesha kootitshala sihlaselwe xesha, izibhengezo drive, imigaqo ukulawulwa ubomi umsebenzi yengqondo, memory iimpazamo umdla eninzi kuphuhliso lo mxholo kwixesha elizayo.

Yintoni unconscious na? Ukuze uqonde oku, sinokukhumbula abantu bakholelwa kumlingo, zonke iintlobo kwezithethe eyimfihlakalo ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Psychoanalysts bakholelwa konke oku ibonakalisa zingqondweni. Olu daba bhetele kubalaseliswe imisebenzi Freud wabhala Z.

"Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" iqulethe inkcazo imiba efana:

• ingxaki ukukhumbula amagama abo kunye namagama omthandayo;
• ingxaki ne ukugcina amagama eelwimi zasemzini;
• abambe amabinzana eqhelekileyo;
• iinkumbulo ebuntwaneni;
• Ugcino;
• iimpazamo ekufundeni nasekubhaleni;
• ndizilibala imisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo, okuvelayo kunye neenjongo banamava;
• nezenzo ezenziwe yi '' impazamo '';
• izenzo random okanye izakwenziwa kumatshini;
• misjudgments neemposiso;
• Determinism - inkolelo oko, iinkolelo, ukuqikelela.

Ukuba ugcino bucala indawo ebalulekileyo kule ncwadi, njengoko ngumba obalulekileyo kwengcamango psychoanalysis, oko kukuthi Freud wakhuthaza.

"I Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" ufanelwe ukufunda ngenyameko abantu babe nomdla bengqondo.

Society Psychological ngoLwesithathu

Njengoko psychoanalyst kunye umntu amava abanzi nabantu abanengxaki kule ndawo, uye wazama ukwenza incwadi afikeleleke kubafundi abo nkqu ezinxulumene zengqondo, kunye ingqiqo omtsha negalelo yokuba abafundi Freud apho. Umphumo waba iklabhu igama umdla "Psychological Society of ngoLwesithathu", eyathatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama emithandathu. Kamva, amanye amalungu eklabhu baye baba amanani kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle: A. Adler, P. Federn, uKarl Jung, E.Dzhons, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo zange ayeke popularity and uSigmund Freud ngokwakhe.

"I Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life", ncomo zazo ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngelo xesha, yaphuma nje kwincopho ukuthandwa nkampani yaye badlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni nemigaqo psychoanalysis.

Izimvo 'Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life'

Kule mihla, abantu abaninzi ulikhoboka izifundo Freud wakhe '' Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life ''.

Umntu uthi incwadi elincinane kwiphepha 200 kungaba thatha ngokupheleleyo. Abanye babeqala ndicinge ngayo, kutheni akunakwenzeka ukuba ukukhumbula igama okanye igama, kodwa ilizwi Uvula kulwimi. Le ncwadi wanika ithuba ukujonga le ngxaki kwindawo yokucingela zengqondo. Easy ukufunda, isigama eqondakalayo.

Le ncwadi ibhalwe ngolwimi olulula yabantu. Kunika umdla ukufunda amabali obomi ukuba yenzeka Freud okanye abahlobo bakhe. Emva umzekelo ngalinye inika ucazululo olupheleleyo. Umbhali ine nenkumbulo emangalisayo.

Abantu abaninzi abafana ncwadi iqulathe yokwenene, imizekelo. Ngoko kuya kuba umdla kungekuphela bengqondo kunye noogqirha, kodwa abantu abaqhelekileyo. Umbhali ubonisa impembelelo ye zingqondweni kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Emva zonke iintlobo umlinganiselo kunye ndizilibala amagama aqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Freud zisibonisa umfundi kukuba konke oku kwenzeka ngengozi.

Umntu waqonda ukuba ndikholelwa ukuba Freud waba pseudoscientist yaye wonke umsebenzi wakhe - le mbumbulu ecocekileyo. Kodwa watshintsha ingqondo yakhe emva kokufunda "Psychopathology". Le ncwadi umdla, nangona oko akuyi ukufunda ngokukhawuleza - zifuna ukutyhilwa kwephupha elo.

sokonakalisa yoluntu

Ngowe-1910, uluntu iye yaphela ngenxa ngaphakathi. Omnye yokuqala wakhe wamshiya Adler, ogama iimbono wayehluke kakhulu kwezo uyise ekusekweni psychoanalysis. Wayekholelwa ukuba intshukumisa ephambili womntu umnqweno ngamandla, lo gama Freud wambona wakhe inkanuko yesini.

Kamva kwabakho ungquzulwano phakathi Freud kunye uTimoti Karlom Yungom. Isizathu sokuba ukungaboni ngasonye waba nomdla Jung ngayo iintsomi kunye nemimoya, kwakunye ukwalela postulates ezithile mentor. Ngokukodwa, yena ecetywayo imfundiso 'zingqondweni ngokuhlanganyela'.

Xa kunjalo, "Psychopathology yemihla ngemihla Life" libambe indawo ebalulekileyo theory psychoanalytic kunye nemodeli noshowo psyche yabantu.

Le minyaka yokugqibela ubomi uSigmund Freud

Ekuqaleni-imi- 30 ISAZINZULU yakwazi ukuya eNgilani, akuzange kube lula, kunikwa le meko emkhosini eJamani. USigmund Freud wafa ngowe-1939 Ukubandezeleka ugula kakhulu, wabuza intombi yakhe Anna on ukubulawa.

Anna yenqaba ukufeza intando kayise, kodwa ubukele umzali ukubandezeleka, kungekudala yatshintsha ingqondo yakhe. Ekupheleni September, ugqirha ngokuya Freud wamsa idosi ezinkulu morphine, nto leyo wengqondo ndiyincutshe ngexesha wafa.