Wheelsets iinqwelo. Iziphene wheelsets w / iinqwelo

Running gear oololiwe uquka ezininzi kwisiyilo, kodwa isitshixo wheelset. Kukho iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo candelo, kwaye zahluke nje kuphela ubungakanani nesimo, kodwa kwakhona ukukwazi ukumelana imithwalo ezahlukeneyo. Ngeendlela ezininzi, le phawu na izigqibo ngenxa yokusebenza undercarriage. Abavelisi ekuqaleni woyilobola ngayo izinto isakhono yokusebenza ephezulu, kodwa, ke, oku akuthethi akuqinisekisi ukupheliswa olupheleleyo breakdowns kunye ukungasebenzi kakuhle. Kungakhathaliseki injongo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi, ivili izibini iimoto kufuneka sihlale kule meko. Ngendlela, ukuba banxibe eziziziqalelo eziqhelekileyo - enye into efunekayo abasebenzi ubhaqo kwangethuba kwiindawo ezikufutshane ukusilela ukwenza imisebenzi ukulungiswa efanelekileyo.

Kubanga lweempazamo

Nangona ukusetyenziswa loyilo robust abanama-amandla aluminiyamu metal, imithwalo ezinamandla obuluqilima kunye static kukhokelela nje ukuba ukunxiba kodwa deformation. Xa kakhulu ukulimala iziganeko ezinjalo wheelsets iimoto kwempahla, ekubeni uloliwe kwenzeka ngexesha ombane yenza kwindawo lwabafowunelwa kaloliwe kunye kweevili. Ngoko ke, ukuze ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi ezo ndlela intsebenziswano iquka carbon ingxubevange in enkulu kakhulu. Noba indlela, umthwalo angandiswa ukuba abasebenzi kufuneka kwiindawo kwindlela ngokubekwa igophe - oko kudala uxinzelelo ezongezelelweyo ngenxa amandla centrifugal.

Asifanele sicinge ukuba isibini oololiwe abasetyenziswa luluntu kufuneka iingenelo ebalulekileyo uhlobo kwemithwalo eliphantsi. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, Kakade ke, iingozi kule kunobumba omncinane, kodwa nasekwenzeni uphakamisa kwi isindululo wadlulisela undercarriage, apho imoto umkhweli wheelset ekugqibeleni iya kuphelelwa. Kubalulekile ukuphawula, kunye neminye imiba echaphazela imeko kweevili. Phakathi kwabo, wagaleleka amandla isiphumo slip skid, i-axis qha ezingafunekiyo kunye uqhuba inxalenye, amanqaku, zokuwela njalo njalo. D. Ngoku uyakwazi ukufunda ngakumbi yeyona ixhaphakileyo lweempazamo iintlobo.

Eriyeli-ukuguga izibini amavili

Amaqela amaninzi eyodwa ukuguga enjalo. Eyokuqala ukuyilwa lothuli efanayo, leyo eve wheelsets zizisu nkqu operation eqhelekileyo. Inkangeleko deformation enjalo ngenxa yokuba ukungaqondani ngamandla, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amavili ukuba kuqengqeleka phambili umphezulu wadala kukudibana nento neentsimbi kunye zokubhala wayaphula.

Kwakhona ezisasaziweyo subfloor olungalinganiyo. Lubonakala yi imbonakalo imimandla deformation ayikho kulo mmandla zoqhagamshelwano yonke lommandla, kodwa kuphela applet ezithile. Oku kubonisa ukuba ngababini ivili yeemoto yaveliswa ukusuka obungalinganiyo lweepropati ngapha ubunzima ingxubevange. Oko kungqinwa ukubonakala bahlule enjalo, ikakhulu umtshato ngababini ngokwabo. Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula rush setyhula. Kokuba babonwe ngaphandle zoqhagamshelwano kongqameko ivili xa ubunzima amagqabi apha emacaleni Wotho.

Nxiba imiphezulu iZiko loFikelelo olwenziwe Lula

Le deformation yale hlobo kwakhona kwenzeka kummandla ommandla lwabafowunelwa. Inkalo ukuguga kukuba lwenzeka xa uqhuba skid. Ngoko ke, deformation ngayo imiphezulu ceca unxulunyaniswa ukuphazamiseka kwi pad wayaphula. wheelsets abangaboni ezifana isiphoso ivela njenge nesilayidi - le nxalenye flat phezu ezibengezelayo umbala omhlophe. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngexesha lokusebenza, ezo ziphene musa kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu, baye ukuba uhlobo olwahlukileyo ziinkathazo.

Inyaniso kukuba kwiindawo isilayidi phantse lonke wabona ubushushu ophakamileyo, nto leyo ezosulela nzulu undi. Ekugqibeleni, uMenzi ebizwa ngokuba yi-vyscherbiny esizakukhokelela ngombala ethile kwindawo zihlasele. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo wheelset liqalisa ngobuthathaka ukuphendula naziphi na izitenxo "yemizobo", obuquka imbonakalo amaqhuma kwi kwisisu semoto. Ngoko ke, ukuba izilayidi ziyazibhaqekela ngaphezulu kwe-1 mm, isantya kaloliwe kwizithintelo zesi zona. Ngendlela, ukuba basengozini kakhulu deformation loo wheelset kaloliwe nabemithwalo wagon. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba izinga lokusekwa yesilayidi kuxhomekeke lonyaka - umzekelo, ebusika kunye kwentwasahlobo iingozi emfundo ephakamileyo.

axis fault

Iimpazamo kwesi entanyeni kunye predpodstupichnyh zidla ngokubonakaliswa ngendlela yee-asi amancinci-ubungakanani. Izizathu oku kube eziliqela. Le deformation kwenzeka ubukhulu becala ngenxa uqhagamshelwano ngokuqinileyo elanele kwezo meko apho ukucocwa imiphezulu metal nxamnye irusi ukubunjwa wabulawa ngokungachanekanga. Kwakhona asi wheelset lidla phantsi Ukophuka neentanda kwiindawo noxinzelelo aphezulu. Ezi nkqubo zenzeka ngenxa ntshikilelo elibujikele, ubukho kweendawo amacandelo inguqu kunye discontinuities ye-metal ngokwayo. Kakade ke, hayi ngaphandle kwaye ukusilela ukusoloko njengoko iibholiti tinyiketela ngokwaneleyo amandla kunye namandongomane.

metal Navar

Le umonakalo ubhalo thermomechanical ehlasela wheelsets iinqwelo lihamba indawo. Xa uhlolo deformation ezinjalo esisigxina izinto kwizowuni shear kunye nefom emise oku kuka-U. Enyanisweni, uhlobo kweenkqubo deformation zeplastiki. Utshintsho iphezulu iwela umbindi zephetshana zoqhagamshelwano. Ngenxa yoko, le shift minimum ingafunyanwa kwi emiphethweni. Unobangela umonakalo onjalo ukwabiwa uxinzelelo umthwalo kwindawo lwabafowunelwa.

Amanyathelo ngokubanzi ukugcinwa amavili

amanyathelo azizithintelo ukunceda ukwandisa kweevili zokusebenza. Ukugcinwa kubandakanya ukwenza uhlolo, uviwo, kubonakala ukuba imisebenzi yokulungisa, njalo njalo. D. Xa sithetha amanyathelo zobugcisa, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo ekujikeni ekunene iiseti ivili ngomaleko ubuncinane ukususwa metal. Inani obtochek zincitshisiwe ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi eyodwa ejoliswe ekuphuculeni ukuthembeka ngababini kwevili nokuphelisa nobuthathaka ekhoyo kwisisu semoto. Ngokukodwa, iingcali bazama ukuphelisa izinto ngamandla, ezithi zivele ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye ngenxa yokulimala ezenziweyo ngaphambili. Umzekelo, wasiphula ingxaki kwiindawo spring sentsimbi echaphazela umgangatho kwisiseko isisu semoto.

Umsebenzi wokulungisa

imisebenzi Repair lwenziwa kwindawo machining ekhethekileyo emva amacandelo ziye icocwe kakuhle. Xa isebe ekhethekileyo eyayibanjwe utshintsho namavili, sijike okanye zokwenza imisebenzi welding. Ukuba uceba ukulungisa ngayo iipere ivili ukuze ukutshintsha izinto iprofayili, umsebenzi kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa itemplates ezizodwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ecaleni obuvumelekileyo kwi parameters kweevili ye isibonisi-1 mm kwi ukuphakama kummango, naphezu ubuso angaphakathi ski kunye nesayithi - 0.5 mm. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umsebenzi yombane iwelding zingasetyenziswa ukulungisa. izixhobo enjalo esebenza ukusika esqwini womsonto ejongene apertures pivot.

isiphelo

Kukho imimiselo ezikhethekileyo ukuba iinkcukacha epeyintwe wheelsets kakuhle, ngokunjalo iindlela kunye nobuchwepheshe ukuphelisa kunye nothintelo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba isisu semoto enza yonke iseti yeemeko iipropati mechanical. Ngenxa yoko, ukusebenza kunye nenkonzo nobomi wheelset azixhomekekanga kuphela kumgangatho iindlela, kodwa kwinkqubo brake, iyunithi spring-intwasahlobo, indlela yezithuthi, kunye nexesha lonyaka.