Ukuthathwa umzi sele lisigqibile Reconquista? Le ekupheleni Reconquista. Reconquista, ngokufutshane

Kukho iimfazwe eziye baba amavo. Hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yenani elikhulu amadabi zobuqhawe, olukhohlisayo, uhamba akwa okanye ukusetyenziswa iindidi ezintsha kwezixhobo, kodwa ngenxa yendima edlalwe yi kwisiphumo imfazwe. Waba ilivo kunye Reconquista. Yinto nomxokelelwane lonke amadabi kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu kwimbali yale mihla. Oko kubizwa ngokuba imfazwe inkululeko, amisele bayahlelwa amaKristu le Iberia. amadabi Bloody Ufune ubomi obuninzi. Ukuzaliswa Reconquista ukuza kwiinkulungwane kuphela emva ezisibhozo emva ekuqaleni kwayo. Kwaba kwinkulungwane nzima zonke izizwe oyisa. Kodwa ke inkululeko kwingcinezelo kwaba zobuqhawe. Kakade ke, akakwazi kuzibamba ndizibuza, ukuthatha isixeko Reconquista kugqityiwe.

Izinto ezibangela imfazwe

Ngowe-711, kumhlaba apho ngoku iyi Spain ezintle, izizwe Visigoth waphila. Abekho savages kunye nabahedeni. Ngenxa eRoma amaVisigoth kubuKristu. Noko ke, engafani kukholo ngamaRoma. AmaVisigoth kuvuthwa ungubani yabantu kaYesu. Times abanakukwazi kubizwa ngokuba ngoxolo. Arabhu ayesele oyisa emantla-ntshona Afrika uphela, ucinga ukuba oko kukhatshwa impumelelo wamajoni, akazange afune ukuyeka. Phambili bekukho emazweni amaVisigoth.

Kukho amabali ezininzi malunga nendlela Arabhu unokuludambisa izizwe. Okokuqala - oku ibali malunga uthando ukuziphindezela. Ukuba awukholwa yiloo nto, ke ngoko behlala ubuhle La Cava, leyo ithinzi ubuso bakhe ilanga. Kakade ke, ndazibona sele kodwa bawe wamthanda kunye Korol Rodrigo. Kodwa ubuhle abanekratshi walile ningazidibanisi naye Isiphelo sakhe. ngoko Rodrigo wathabatha intombazana ngenkani. Family La Cava asinakho ukulishiya ulwaphulo-mthetho ngaphandle isohlwayo. Night beauty uyise uludwayi ukuvumela Arabhu esixekweni, ngoko ke kohlwaywa uRodrigo.

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, uRodrigo akazange ukuba abe ngukumkani. Owayesakuba umlawuli igama indlalifa unyana wakhe, kodwa yena akazange kulinandipha nenkxaso kwiintsapho amanene. Kokukhona ezikuthandayo uRodrigo. Emva koko ke wamnceda ukuba abe yintloko karhulumente. Kodwa abaxhasi isithsaba bokumkani babekulungele ukwamkela. Omnye wabo wenza umfelandawonye Arabhu, ngoko bangena esixekweni, ngokubulala uRodrigo kunye nabalandeli bakhe. Njengomvuzo ukuba wathembisa ebuncwaneni eyinkunzi. Kodwa ke Arabhu, yabulala ukumkani, akazange ayeke. Baba ubuncwane kancinane. Babefuna ukuba wonke urhulumente.

Kulo nyaka, i-Arabhu, unokuludambisa kwintsimi lonke, nto leyo kwiinkulungwane kamva wayeza ebizwe Spain. karhulumente christian yoyiswa Muslims. AmaVisigoth akazange kwanyanzeleka ukuguqula ku Islam. neenkokheli Arab kunyanyezelwa inkolo amazwe. Noko ke, iirhafu kunye ngokuqhubekayo inyathelo emkhosini ziyalandeleka ixesha ngexesha Reconquista nzima ukuba abantu oyiswe.

Asturias ehluphayo

AmaVisigoth baba abakakulungeli ukunika ekwalile efanelekileyo Arabhu. Abazange babe, umkhosi enkulu enamandla kwaye inani elaneleyo izixhobo. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi isixeko kwingxowa abahlaseli ngaphandle umlo. Ukungazi ubunzima, i-Arabhu yafudukela ngasentla. Kodwa iindlela zabo Asturias - isixeko wayengafuni ukuyeka. Inkoliso yabantu basebukhosini iSpanish wahlala apho, wayehlala khona. Arabhu wabaxolela. Kodwa ke iintsalela zomkhosi batsho abantu, akazange afune ukuba zizithobe, babalekela Asturias. Esi sixeko wazisa ukuphela Reconquista.

Ukuze siphumelele, i basebukhosini ye Asturias kwakufuneka munye kunye, nabantu abangamahlwempu abangafundanga of Vasconi. Le mizi ababini imihlaba ezingafani. Kodwa Simanywe injongo enye. Kwelaxesha Ndandime intloko Asturias Don Pelayo. I-Arabhu ayikwazanga ukuqonda indlela iqela elincinane labantu abe mathidala ukuba isicelo ukuba ukoyiswa omnye emva komnye. Ngenxa Don Pelayo, owaba iqhawe lesizwe eSpeyin, Asturias kunye Vasconi abahlali baqonda ukuba Arabhu ukoyisa. We banga kwiinkathazo owoyisayo amaKristu wabangela umzabalazo yabanqolobi ngasemva, kwakunye ungenelelo evela entla, i Vikings azenzileyo.

Ukuqala Reconquista

Geqe Asturias babengamcaphukisi nabanqobi. Kuba 722 waya uhambo sazela, lowo besilungiselelwe ukuba awadubadube ukumelana nize niwoyise le dolophu. Kwelaxesha Ndandime intloko Alcamo. Kunye ne-Bishop Opp wazama ukweyisela amaKristu anikezele. Ngenxa kungenjalo baya kuba bonke bafa. Alcamo kodwa ukwaphula umoya wabo. Kubonakala ukuba akukho ithuba Asturias. Kodwa ke umkhosi ngamaKristu waylaid Alcamo kunye namajoni zakhe ebisenyobeni, aphuka. Alcamo yena wabulala ngaloo mini.

Abahlaseli kunjalo aqhubeka nemizamo ukubenza isixeko eneenkani. Kulo nyaka njengoko isohlwayo ukufa Amalkamy Asturias waya kwelinye iqela, intloko wema Munusa. Kodwa lo squad wahlulwa. Munusa abulawe. Kwaye ukusilela kwakhe kwaphawula ekuqaleni Reconquista.

Ukulwa e France

Arabhu isigqibo ukuqhubeka amaphulo zabo kuloyiso singena nzulu eYurophu. Kwi indlela France. Malunga nendlela alwa bangamaqhawe eli lizwe, kukho amavo ezininzi. Mhlawumbi umsebenzi edumileyo zoncwadi, yihla kuthi, yaba oyindumasi Ronsevale.

Nangona imithetho Franks uKarl Veliky. Luncedo wasondela yi irhuluneli of Zaragoza. Kuba uncedo kwemfazwe, wathembisa ukumkani wozuko kobutyebi obuninzi. Carl wafumana sisibonelelo wamlinga. Kwathiwa ukuba impi yokumkani akazange ukuba alwe. Bona kuvula iingcango zesixeko ukuphoswa. Kodwa amasango kwanini. Musa ukuvula kwaye emva kwexesha elithile. UKarl waqonda ukuba yena nempi yakhe sabanjwa. Wathabatha ekuthinjweni lerhuluneli, noonyana bakhe ndimbuyisele eFransi kunye umtshana wakhe. UKarl into yokuba engazange akwazi ukubuyela emakhaya siphila. Kodwa yena engalunganga.

Ndamangaliswa ke uKarl, xa ebuya ekhaya, wafunda ukuba umtshana wakhe Roland, kunye amabanjwa wayengekafiki. Carl wangena uphendlo. Waza wabafumana Ronselvanskom gorge. Amehlo akhe wavula wangumbono ombi: mkhosi phantse lakrazuka kubini, kwakungekho umntu ophilayo. ijoni ngalinye iqhekeziwe, kodwa musa akasalisa nkqu impahla. Phakathi kwenqwaba Tel kwabafileyo uKarl wafumana umtshana wakhe, kodwa amabanjwa encinane bezingekho. Kusenjalo imfihlelo obulele Roland kunye namadoda akhe. Kukholelwa ukuba ngamaKristu. Kodwa ke kule meko sinakho sicinge ukuba amaKristu baye emfazweni nxamnye namaKristu.

iimfazwe zamakhaya ebudeni Reconquista

AmaKristu ngokucotha ukuzuza amandla. Amajoni watyhalela phambili onke amazwe ezintsha, osondele izixeko ezintsha kunye namazwe. Uninzi lwabo baye bachuma. Ezi naseAragon, Castile, Navarre, nase- uLeon. Ngamanye amaxesha abalawuli zezi ithi impi omnye nomnye, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ungenza ubuhlobo ngokusebenzisa umtshato dynastic. Umzekelo, Korol Fernando ndakwazi yokuhlanganisa Castile uLeon, chaza ezimbini nempumelelo. Kubonakala ukuba kamva babe ifakwe, kunye nabanye baqala ukuqokelela umhlaba. Kodwa singalindelanga, Fernando ugqiba ukuba emva kokufa kwakhe bubukumkani obuya kuba bobahlukeneyo phakathi koonyana neentombi kufuneka afumane isixeko esihle, edume ubutyebi bayo. Benjenjalo.

Ukunxanelwa amandla akho engqiqo, ndayihluthwa abantu abatsha. Abazalwana noodade abotshelelweyo zembujiswano imfazwe. Yaye ngamnye kubo yayithanda, yabulala inkoliso yabantu bayo zomthonyama, ukuze nime phambi isixa esikhulu somhlaba. Ndaphumelela unyana wesibini ka-Alfonso. Emva kwemfazwe, kunye nabazalwana noodade bakhe, waya amaSilamsi bebile isixeko Toledo, ukwandisa imida ngamaKrestu ehlabathini. Indlalifa Alfonso, Alfonso VII, uya kubizwa ngokuba uKumkani Spain. Nangona yi akukho ndlela lonke Spain akhululwa, amaKristu aye acinga ukuba esondela ukugqitywa Reconquista. iimfazwe Civil abazange ingaqhelekanga ngelo xesha. Abazalwana noodade abaninzi baqala balwa bobabini. Ezi ingxabano zaye inzuzo kuphela Muslims. kutshabalalisa iintshaba zabo ngokwabo.

intsikelelo Pope ukuba

Ngenkulungwane XI, ubomi ngamaKristu phantsi kwedyokhwe Arabhu inzima kakhulu ngakumbi. I Almoravids weza ngamandla. Baba abantu abakhohlakeleyo akazange unqulo yomnye umntu. Ukuba kusondele ingakumbi ezaneza abantu izinto ukuze emazweni zabo. Ngoku lixesha lokuba silwe Islam.

Yena akazange ukufa inani elikhulu lamaKristu, Pope. Ngo-1212, uYesu wachaza ukuba aqale yenkolo. Loo maKristu abathatha inxaxheba kulo ikhulule amazwe zomthonyama ukusuka amaSilamsi aye ezulwini, baya kuzixolelwa zonke izono. Ubizo yaba sisiphumo. NgoJulayi 16, impi apho umkhosi omkhulu zamaKristu woyisa umkhosi Almoravides. Ukususela ngoko, umkhosi Muslim ayizange namandla angako. Waye waqala ukukhululwa zala mazwe baseSpeyin kubahlaseli.

ukuphakama Reconquista

ngekhulu XIII kunye XIV - a zebhola yokwenene imfazwe. Ekugqibeleni, abo bantu ababehlala ezinabantu kwaye likhululekile ngokwayo xa iyonke elimanyeneyo. Bazibona baseSpeyin, oya kuba msulwa yokubhuqwa amaSilamsi ukuba sibumbane bengatshatanga kwaye uqale ukwakha ubomi obutsha phantsi kolawulo lokumkani Spanish. A indima enkulu kwinkululeko yelizwe edlalwa Knights Omnqamlezo. Ezinamazinga ahlukile empumelelo Reconquista inkqubela. xelela ngokufutshane ngayo iza kuba akwenzeki, singakwazi uqaphele kuphela ukuba esilwa sekugcineni ilahleko engephi ayiphumelelanga. Ezinye isixeko izihlandlo eziliqela selengasekho kweli ezandleni amaKristu bamaSilamsi vice versa.

Izabella Kastilskaya kunye kuFerdinand of naseAragon

Ngowe-1469, kumtshato Ferdinand naseAragon kunye Isabella of Castile. Akukho mntu usenokucinga ngoko ukuba eli liza kukwazi ukutshintsha kuphela ubomi lonke eSpeyin, kodwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ekusondeleni unyaka ekugqityweni Reconquista. Ngenxa italente ubuqili emkhosini, uFerdinand wakwazi ukudibanisa inani elikhulu kumazwe. Kodwa yena nomfazi wakhe waba ngamabhongo ezizodwa kunye oluninzi namabhongo. Yoko le nto ubukumkani kubo kancinci. Isabella and uFerdinand namaKatolika okwenyaniso. Kubo, ukholo lwabo ke oyinyaniso yaye sisebenza kuphela eSpeyin.

Isiphelo nkqubo i "ezintathu iinkonzo"

Ngaphambi kokuba eze amandla zibini eSpeyin uzamile ukufumana kwi iinkonzo ezintathu: Christianity, Islam kunye nokholo yamaYuda. Nangona kunjalo, i Pope akazange ayithande loo kwiindawo bakhululekileyo umiwe ngabantu abangafuniyo ukwamkela ubuKristu. abalawuli Spain akazange afune ukuba amkele ubuKatolika, kuba babesoyika ukuba iintlanga uqala qhankqalazo.

Oko konke kwatshintsha xa ngamandla, kuFerdinand noIsabella weza. Bona, ukuba amaKatolika kwaye kunye nenkxaso ka eRoma, waqalisa ubuKrestu. Oku kube negalelo le nkululeko ngakumbi kumazwe kubahlaseli Muslim. Ngo-1487 waqalisa kokurhangqwa Malaga, yayisesinye sezixeko eziphambili amaSilamsi eSpeyin. UFerdinand nomfazi wakhe bakwazi ukufumana impumelelo. Phambili kuphela Grenada. Oku besondela nyaka, xa zigqityiwe Reconquista.

ukuthatha Grenada

Kuba bonke abantu abathe balufunda olu mxokelelwane ukungqubana kwemihla, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba umbuzo wokuba ingaba ngokuthabatha isixeko sele lisigqibile Reconquista. Yaba Grenada. UFerdinand noIsabella balungiselela kakuhle kwidabi. Ukuze kube nempumelelo, saba imali eninzi. Ngoko bagqiba Ukunyusa irhafu, kwaye Pope wabavumela ukuba basebenzise iinjongo zabo imali efunyenwe ibandla elithembekileyo. Ngenxa yoko indlu yakomkhulu yakwazi ukubiza umkhosi ukuba alwe kartel abo balwa amaSilamsi ukuba imali.

Ukumkani nenkosikazi ngako konke ukwenzela ukomeleza intembeko yayo phakathi kwabantu. Babethetha kuwo ndinomkhosi, uzame ukuyiqhuba ngokwakho inxalenye esebenzayo. ookumkani Spanish impi ngoncedo luqalile, waqalisa umlo ngasemva, unako ukuphumelela. Ngoku, wonke umntu wayesazi lokufakwa umzi sele lisigqibile Reconquista. Esi sixeko yawa ngo-1491. Oku kungenziwa ngokuba unyaka wokuzalwa eSpeyin. Nganye yaseSpain yanamhlanje ngokulula ukuphendula, unyaka wagqitywa Reconquista. Ke ilizwe ukuba ekugqibeleni ahlukane kangangeenkulungwane ngaphantsi ku Muslims.

Emva kwemfazwe,

Xa egqibile Reconquista eSpeyin, esemantloko ngurhulumente bema abantu ozithandayo, uFerdinand noIsabella. Baba abalawuli izilumko, ngaphandle apho inkqubela ayisayi kufikelelwe, eSpeyin nje kuphela, kodwa eMelika. Ngapha koko, aba balawuli ziye zanceda Columbus wenze ukuba yakhe enkulu geographical. UFerdinand noIsabella wajika Spain ibe siqinile yamaKatolika. Abemele ezinye iinkolo ayikwazanga ukufumana indawo kula mazwe. UKumkani no evela kwilizwe labo amaSilamsi, amaYuda kunye namaSilamsi.

Le yasebukhosini wahlala eyona nto idume ngayo kangangeenkulungwane. Kwaye ngoku iziqu eSpeyin. Baye lukhulu karhulumente, ubuKatolika, yaye yaba negalelo elibonakalayo kwamanye amazwe. E Grenada, yonke ibonisa ukuba kuthinjwe umzi sele lisigqibile Reconquista. BaseSpeyin bayazidla imbali yabo kunye amaphepha yobuqhawe xa amazwe zomthonyama yakhululwa zabahlaseli. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba unyaka sagqitywa Reconquista. Lo nyaka mnye ehlabathini liphela kwimbali playoffs.