Winston Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill). Biography, iifoto, olunomdla

Nakule kwenkulungwane XX washiya, azafunyanelwa ndawo olunzulu abo bantu abathatha isigqibo sibi eluntwini. Phakathi aziwayo ezopolitiko indawo yazo ngokuzithemba kuthatha Winston Churchill - lo mfundisi yaseBritani inkulumbuso, umbhali, iNobel Peace Prize, enye yeenkokheli zokusebenzisana-Hitler anti, anti-wamaKomanisi, nombhali aphorisms ezininzi eziye ezinamaphiko, Othanda cigar neziselo olomeleleyo, kunye nabantu umdla ngokubanzi.

umfanekiso wakhe yaziwa abemi amanye zethu documentary kuzimele kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, zifakwe ngexesha Yalta, Tehran kunye Potsdam neenkomfa. Bona phakathi kwezinye amalungu "Big ezintathu" wawurhola ingqalelo mzobo ngokupheleleyo, Bathiwe wambu yasemkhosini inkonzo ibhatyi khaki, emabi, kodwa umntu ebukekayo kakhulu yaye athi wajula. Oku engaqhelekanga, Winston Churchill, le ncwadi ukufunda namhlanje, yaye adubule movie vula amaphepha yendima ngobomi bakhe. Ezinye izinto uhlale imfihlelo unanamhla.

Ukuzalwa kunye nosapho

Ekupheleni kukaNovemba 1874 Marlborough belungiselela ibhola phezu kwebhotwe iNkosana Blenheim. Ngokuqinisekileyo ethanda ukuya Lady Churchill. amandla akhe, kodwa yena akafuni nokuva, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni kwezinye iimeko, ukuphazamiseka soiree. Kwathi nje ukuba Winston Churchill wazalwa ngomhla zangaphantsi entabeni yabafazi, iminqwazi kunye nezinye outerwear, kulahlwa imfumba kweli gumbi kwababezikhonza njenge iindwendwe ngubo zokwexeshana.

Education and ginger ayikho ungumntwana omhle kakhulu inxaxheba kakhulu nanny Everest. Impembelelo yalo mfazi omangalisayo-nkqubo elizayo olugoso, yaye umfanekiso wakhe wayesoloko waba indawo ephambili kuzo zonke ii-ofisi ekuhlala kuzo, ngokucacileyo, ukuba isiphelo sobomi ngokuthelekisa izenzo zabo bathembisa izikhokelo yakhe yokuziphatha. Mna ke wavakalisa umbulelo walo Winston Churchill, ogama biography ibonisa ukuba mongikazi ilungelo lomntu sisilumko.

School, ukufikisa

Prodigy kancinane Winston wayengekho. Nangona i memory obalaseleyo, kodwa kusetyenziswa kuphela xa umdla ukufunda isifundo. Isigama, lo mfana njalo-njalo, ezinye i leta ayizange ayiwisileyo kodwa lobuya ezahlukeneyo. SeeSayensi ngqo, isiGrike nesiLatini, wabonisa ukungakhathali, kodwa lweenkobe IsiNgesi wayemthanda bayayenza ngokuzithandela.

A kumnombo kwintsapho yeengcungcu kwaye kwafuneka ukuba bafunde sisikolo semfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa. Kwaba iziko nelungelo 'Ascot', apho Winston Churchill wachitha iminyaka embalwa. Ngoko ke umfana watshintshelwa isikolo "Harrow" elona nqanaba liphezulu, nayo idume isiko elide. Abazali babekholelwa ukuba unyana iinkwenkwezi zezulu akwanelanga, kodwa owawukuyo, ngoko wagqiba umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni. Isikolo amahashe ephezulu "ehamba" umkhosi yasebukhosini lo mfana ukuba babengenakungena, 1893, kuphela okwesithathu. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva uyise wafa. Smer kuba unyana abazali abathandekayo abathandekayo zibe nelahleko enkulu, nangona kwezinye ukungaqondani efanayo. Kwasebutsheni phezu, lo mfana ajika abe ngumntu omdala.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi epalamente

Ukuba asethi emfundo ephakamileyo, isikhundla uLieutenant kunye amanene imvelaphi, Winston Churchill, ogama biography njengoko ngumpolitiki nje iqalile, waphumelela unyulo zepalamente ngo-1900. Nangona wagidima evela Conservative Party, uvelwano babonisa, gxebe, kwabachasi zawo - benkululeko. Le nto kubonakala kwinto yokuba yena ngokwakhe ichazwa iwonga layo njenge 'endala elizimeleyo ", nto leyo eyabangela iingxaki ezininzi, kodwa kwakhona isidima umgca yokuziphatha hlobo nabo. Ukukhabana namalungu iqela wadala scandal abathile, negalelo udumo olukhulu ngezangqa kwezopolitiko. Ngenxa yokuba ngexesha iintetho zakhe, amalungu epalamente ezininzi, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu iNkulumbuso ngokwakhe, demonstratively waphuma igumbi inkonzo, Winston Churchill wabonwa ngu Lloyd George. Ngowe-1904 wayishiya ezintlwini Conservative.

Minister of kubonakala

Senator obuciko kwatsala ingqalelo, kwaye iziphakamiso ngentsebenziswano kunye noluntu ezahlukene ayilibali ukuza. Abo baba akanamdla Churchill, yena ngokukweka usaziwa, kodwa 1906 bavumelana ukuba abe ngumlungiseleli owongamele imicimbi amazwe. Ixabiso imimandla phesheya-ntle uBukhosi baseBritani omkhulu, yaye sele ebonakalisa nkqubo izwe, ochazwa eziphambili ngokubaluleka iimfuno zamandla ngasentla nezinye iingqwalasela. Iziphumo zemisebenzi ixesha elifutshane ixesha yaba gqitha, kodwa imizamo ziye wawamkela kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, kuquka kokusingqongileyo Edward VII kunye uPhilip ngokwakhe.

Le ntlekele yezopolitiko ngo-1908 baphela yokurhoxa Prime Minister Campbell Bannerman, indawo ogama ndakhawuleza Asquith. Uthe ukuya Churchill Royal Navy, kodwa wala. Imfazwe kwixa elizayo, njengokuba kukhye kwaye ngaphandle kwayo isikhundla uMphathiswa Navy akazange athembise udumo. Ngokumalunga indlela kwesinye isithuba karhulumente umlungiseleli yaba efanayo, nangona ngenxa yesizathu eyahlukileyo, isihloko nje wayengenamdla Churchill. Kodwa urhwebo wayefuna ukwenza, nangona efika kuqala engazange athembise naziphi na izahlulelo ezopolitiko.

umshado

Winston Churchill kukade icangcisiwe ixakeke kakhulu kwimicimbi yezopolitiko, ukuba abahlobo bakhe sele iqalile ukuba sithandabuze ukuba wakha uza kutshata, kodwa engalunganga. Nangona ngaphezu kokuba data eqhelekileyo zangaphandle kunye omninzi esisigxina igosa, nangoku wafumana ithuba aqhelane intombazana entle kunene, umtsalane yakhe (ngokucacileyo, ubukrelekrele obuciko) kwaye ikhokelele esibingelelweni. Ntombi Igosa Dragoon Kol - Clementine Hoze - into enomtsalane ibunjiwe, ngokutyibilikayo smart ngeelwimi ezimbini amazwe (French kunye German). Le iintshukumisa zokuzingca Winston babengamele usola abanini iilwimi ezininzi ezimbi: ikhazi phantse yayingekho, ngaphandle, Kakade ke, iimpawu zobuqu lomtshakazi kunye zakhe amanene iScots-Irish.

UNobhala of the Interior

Ngowe-amathathu anesihlanu ubudala Churchill waba ngumlungiseleli yomthetho nocwangco, ukuthatha omnye kwizikhundla ezingundoqo ubukhosi. Ngoku ke yena ukuba abe noxanduva amapolisa kwikomkhulu, iibhulorho, iindlela, iintolongo, ezolimo kunye nentlanzi. Oku luxanduva uMphathiswa Interior, ngokwesithethe IsiNgesi endala, ziquka ubukho kubalulekile ekuzalweni kwintsapho yobukumkani, isibhengezo yindlalifa etroneni, ukubhala iingxelo umsebenzi wePalamente, nto leyo eyenza Churchill lokubonisa iitalente zabo nokubhala kwinqanaba eliphezulu. Oku wakwenza Kuluvuyo olukhulu.

Ngomhla obandulela imfazwe enkulu

Isibakala sokuba "iqhosha lokulayita" ungquzulwano phakathi amazwe atyebileyo amathanga anqunyulwe eJamani Austria-Hungary kungekudala libe ungquzulwano "shushu", umntu usenokuba babethandabuza, kodwa hayi Winston Churchill. Ngokusekelwe data efunyenwe ukuhlola kunye neengcali kwimiba yokhuselo, kwaba ukuba iNkulumbuso imemorandam kwimiba zomkhosi eYurophu, uthi ke akunakuphepheka eyenziwayo imfazwe ezayo. Emva koko, ubunkokeli eli lizwe uthathe uhlobo castling, betshintshisa McKenna kunye Churchill, ngenxa apho umbhali ingxelo yenziwa ifumaneke fleet, abala ngaphambili. Kwaba ngo-1911, iziganeko ezinzulu utsha. Umsebenzi yokulungiselela ezayo Royal Navy aselwandle idabi ngumlungiseleli elitsha icebo.

Impi yokuqala

Ixesha ungquzulwano zomkhosi luchazwa ngurhulumente British ngokuchanileyo ngokwaneleyo. zijike aselwandle eziqhelekileyo ngo-1914 zaye irhoxisiwe, ukuhlanganiswa ezifihlakeleyo buso kuthwalelwa phandle umntu, emva kokuba umbukiso yemveli Julayi iinqanawa 17 Ndithunywe kwiindawo zazo nokusasazwa ngokusisigxina, yaye ngokomyalelo Admiralty igcinwe ingqalelo. Emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kunye Central Amandla Russia Churchill wathabatha uxanduva ukuba baxele kugaya ngokupheleleyo fleet, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba isigqibo karhulumente. Uhambise wayenokuyinceda malini ukugxothwa kwakhe, kodwa yonke kanti, isigqibo ukuqaphela ilungelo, kwaye imini emva kokuba ziye zavunywa izenzo zakhe. Okwesine ka Agasti, iBritani zihlasele iJamani kunye Austria-iHungary.

impilo kwempi

Iziganeko of the World lokuQala zaziwa kakuhle; emva kokoyiswa Germany kunye ekuweni uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian ehlabathini, ingakumbi eYurophu, wajamelana nengxaki ukusasazeka nolobukomanisi. Indawo anti-abangabaxhasi bakaMarx ukuba Winston Churchill wathabatha amazwi akhe phezu kwisifundo abonisa inkolelo ukubaluleka kokutshabalalisa yamaBolshevik uncuma eRashiya. Kodwa kwezoqoqosho West, ezibhityileyo nyaka-emine ngogonyamelo, abakakulungeli ukuba elikhulu-scale njengamanyathelo ayo. Ngenxa ukungakwazi umzabalazo wezigalo owawusilwa iinkokeli ubukomanisi of Europe lwentando yesininzi yaye ke ehlabathini jikelele kwanyanzeleka ukuba baqaphele urhulumente eSoviet. Churchill indima isithuba nguMphathiswa of War ngo-1921 yaba aphakamileyo. Kakade ke, akonwabanga kuye, kodwa owayeneengxaki phambili. Kulo nyaka ngayo waxhwaleka lokwenene: ukufa yokuqala kamama (kwaye yena wayengekho ubudala, iminyaka engama-67 kuphela); ke intombi eneminyaka emibini Merigold.

Inzondelelo amandla, ngokunjalo umsebenzi omtsha iye yanceda esi sibini kwakhona ukusuka intlungu eyoyikekayo kabini. Churchill waphinda waba ngumlungiseleli of ngamathanga, kodwa unyulo ka-1922 ekupheleni eyintlekele.: ePalamente, angawi. Churchill ugqiba bayakhululeka nomfazi wakhe eFransi. Kwakubonakala ukuba umsebenzi wakhe phezu.

Buyela ePalamende

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala eko Churchill waba lutshaba enamandla yezopolitiko - Bonar Law, ngubani waba inkulumbuso. Ngowe-1923, waba wagula kakhulu yaye ngakumbi engasekho wachacha. Nge Baldwin - inkokeli entsha babebambelele - oziphethe ngehlazo yakwazi ukwenza uqhagamshelwano, kodwa iinzame zokuqala ezimbini ePalamente baye basilela ukubuyela. Kwi okwesithathu, yena wabuyela ibandla ohloniphekileyo, ngokuphumelela unyulo yi kwisithili Epping yaye kwangaxeshanye wafumana uMphathiswa sihlalo weziMali. Ngo-1929, iLabour Party indawo babebambelele ngamandla, kwaye kule minyaka ilishumi indalo esebenzayo Churchill ayikwazanga ukuvakalisa. Yena ukulandela uphuhliso eJamani, nto leyo yee-banesifo waphila ngokucacileyo ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho imfazwe yaye, waba iqela ukuloyisa iBrithani.

balindele eyandulela

Zimbalwa abezopolitiko British ukuqonda indima Aviation emfazweni ezayo nzulu Winston Churchill. Amafoto kunye newsreels, wayithimba uNeville Chamberlain ephethe isivumelwano esatyikitywa Munich, obubhaliweyo ubungqina zibumangala le abajongene yaseYurophu ngoko, kufikelela minyinyiva Germany ngamaNazi kwisiqingatha sesibini banesifo.

Ngelo xesha, eBritani malunga neminyaka emibini wenza ikomiti urhulumente eyimfihlo ejongene kolawulo kuyinzuzo amandla wezokhuselo karhulumente. umqhagi yakhe Winston Churchill, ogama iingxelo malunga amathuba lokuzicengezela Hitler hlukile ithemba. ukuba wayesele zizakubalulwa ukucinga ngamazwi kunye engaqhelekanga, besithi ekhangela kude kakhulu phambili, abantu ixesha elizayo na. Winston ekhethwayo ukujongana nemiba ezingxamisekileyo kunye nayo. Ngokukodwa, sibulela kakhulu kwiinzame yeKomiti ye-Royal Air Force xa efika imfazwe yafakwa "Spitfire" yaye "Isichotho 'into enokumelana i" Messerschmitt ".

iyure abahle, imfazwe yesibini Germany

Emva kokuba kuhlaselwa Poland kunye zokupapashwa imfazwe eJamani ngowe-1939 phantse emibini iminyaka iBritani walwa Hitlerism yedwa. Usuku June 22, 1941 kwaba ngenxa Churchill leeholide. Ukufunda malunga uhlaselo German kwi-USSR, waqonda ukuba impi kuqwalaselwa won. Winston Churchill, ogama engobomi kunxibelelene kumzabalazo wokulwa yobukomanisi, wayefuna nto ngelo xesha kangangoko kwimpumelelo ye-Red Army. Ukuba i imeko enzima kakhulu yezoqoqosho, i-United Kingdom ulungiselele uncedo yomkhosi eSoviet Union, ukunika impahla yomkhosi. Ukubanako kubingelela kwiinkolelo zakhe ngenxa yokuba ilizwe labo ngumqondiso ngokuthanda lokwenyaniso ngumpolitiki sisilumko. Noko ke, noku kutenxa kokumiselweyo izimvo yinto nje yokwexeshana kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo. Kuthiwa yaye unovelwano wabonisa ukuba iSoviet indawo yi nenzondo yi ekuqaleni nkomfa "Big Three" e Potsdam.

Ngexesha lemfazwe, iimpawu volitional sibonakalalisiwe kakhulu ngokucacileyo. I kwakungekho ngaphandle kunye Winston Churchill. Biography of naye ngaloo minyaka wangena isigaba aqaqambe, luhlanganisa ngokupheleleyo bubuciko kunye nesakhono ukuze agunyazise imiba emkhosini-kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ngqo, intetho yakhe kwakunzima ukubiza, kodwa amanye amazwi akhe amaninzi, amaBritane wafumana oko wayeswele: intembelo uloyiso kunye nemimoya elungileyo. Nangona kunjalo, omnye aphorisms bakhe bavakalisa uluvo lokuba cwaka kusoloko kungumqondiso ukuba umntu nje nto kuthi. Naye wakha wathi abahlali kuphela Albion nga nemihlali yokuba izinto ezimbi. Kwakungekho-nkqubo kwi-United Kingdom, nto leyo eye yaba ithandwa kangaka, njengoko Winston Churchill. Quotes ezivela iintetho zakhe badlula enye ubunzima ukusuka ukuhlasela kunye aswele abantu eLondon kunye Coventry, Liverpool ne Sheffield. Abaninzi banyanzelwa ukuba encuma. Yaba ilixa inkulumbuso.

emva kokuba ukulwa,

sakuphela Second World War. Winston Churchill wayeka ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1945, ebabela kwi Conservative Party kwi kunyulo olulandelayo. Kaloku, lo eyona kwedemokhrasi Western, apho impumelelo engakumbi yakutshanje, kodwa sele elidlulileyo ukuthini kancinane. Aphorisms Churchill kule fomu urhulumente, zahluke ulunya ezizodwa, ukuya kutsho ku ukugxeka. Ngoko ke, yena kakhulu nzulu wathi idemokhrasi okuyiyo ukuthanda kukaThixo okulungileyo kuphela ukuba ezinye zonke iindlela ekulawuleni ilizwe nangakumbi, kodwa ukuba phezulu kulo, nje ngokwaneleyo ukuba intetho omncinane "-avareji umvoti."

Noko ke, ugrogriso ukuba amazwe amaninzi uya kuba ngakumbi, real kakhulu emva kwemfazwe. ubukomanisi kaStalin enambuzelayo emhlabeni, kusetyenziswa iindlela ngeendlela - ukusuka emandleni ukuya kungabonakali amaqhophololo. IMfazwe waqalisa kwangoko emva kokuba uloyiso phezu Fascism, kodwa yabalasela intetho kwi US kwisixeko Fulton, ukuba ngowe-1946, ngoMatshi 5, kanye iminyaka esixhenxe ngaphambi kokufa Iosifa Stalina, Winston Churchill utshilo. izibakala umdla ngamabona wahamba naye ubomi bakhe. yezopolitiko owayengumbhali British yayinokuthanani "uMalume uJoe", njengoko Abezopolitiko Western ekuthiwa inkokheli eSoviet uJoseph Stalin. Nentiyo kunye nokulahla ngezimvo abangabaxhasi bakaMarx odityanisiweyo Churchill nonentlonipho lokwenene ubuntu ezibalaseleyo womntu, ngamaxesha angaphambili sizana yayo, utshaba.

Of umdla lulwahlulo inkulumbuso ukuba utywala. Ngokutsho kwakhe, wavuka ukusela ngaphezu wabanika. Ebudaleni ikwandim, Churchill uncokole ukuba akazange asele, phambi kokuba adle ebutsheni bakhe, kodwa ngoku kukho nelinye mthetho: kuyo nayiphi na imeko ukuba ukuthatha ezinxilisayo iziselo phambi kwesidlo sakusasa. Ngokutsho bucala iinkumbulo komzukulwana wakhe, umkhulu waqalisa usuku iglasi yewiski (hayi isahlulo omncinane), kodwa enxilile akazange abone nabani na, angoni. Kakade ke, ezi zinto azikho endinokubaxeli- sa, kodwa, njengoko nesaci Russian uthi, amazwi ingoma Awukwazi ukucima.

imisebenzi umdla noncwadi ukuba zabhalwa Winston Churchill. Le ncwadi isixelela leemfazwe zamathanga, ngokukodwa, phezu amaphulo Afghanistan kunye namaBhulu, ukulwa yobukomanisi yehlabathi lonke, kwakunye nezinye iziganeko ezininzi zembali apho umbhali inxaxheba. Iitekisi kwahluka indlela enkulu uburharha ezichuliweyo azalwa kulo mntu ebalaseleyo.

Premiership Churchill waba ithuba ukubamba kabini. ixesha lokugqibela abekuhambisa urhulumente British kwiminyaka 1951 ukuya 77 ubudala. yobudala Old ngayo imeko jikelele lomzimba, ukuba awusebenze kwaba nzima. "Nkosi Winston Churchill '- ngoko ke ngowe-1953, xa umfana Elizabeth II - ukumkanikazi omtsha England - kunikezelwa kuye IMbasa Garter, sifanele ukuba isicelo inkulumbuso. imbeko Greater imithetho British musa ukunika. Waba knight, kunye onesikhundla ekuhlaleni kuthathwa ukuba lokumkani.

Ndlelantle kupolitiko!

Ligqunywe umkhusane emfihlekweni malunga nendlela ekhohlo kwezopolitiko ezinkulu, Winston Churchill. biography elifutshane, funda besikolo British kunye nabafundi, inika inkcazelo malunga nokwamkelwa emsebenzini wakhe ngaphandle bebabaza kakhulu ngo-1955. Ukususwa amandla ngcembe, kangangeenyanga ezine. Intlonipho, intlonipho kunye nobuchule okuboniswa ulawulo ephezulu UK ngethuba lokuqhuba kwale nkqubo, ifanelwe ilizwi elikhethekileyo. Umgaqo-nkqubo ubomi sonke, niqalekisiwe enikelwe ekusebenzeleni kwilizwe kunye ekunyamekeleni izilangazelelo, yaye oku kwaqatshelwa iimbasa ezininzi (zombini asebukhosini amazwe).

Great Churchill waphila eminye iminyaka elishumi. A Ixesha entsha, imfazwe eVietnam, ke, abantu abaselula ezikude baya uyahlanya ngenxa izithixo zazo, "Rolling Stone" yaye "The Beatles 'ukoyisa ihlabathi," flower children "- amahippie - washumayela uthando jikelele, kwaye sonke ezahlukileyo svetsko- ubomi nezopolitiko ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, xa Winston oselula waqalisa uhambo lwakhe olude kwezopolitiko.

Wafa iqala ebalaseleyo ekuqaleni 1965. Aluhlaza kumsitho ntle-namhla ezininzi ayikho ngaphantsi elimisiweyo umngcwabo yasebukhosini. indawo lakhe lokugqibela yokuphumla Churchill wafumana ecaleni kwabazali bakhe emangcwabeni kamasipala rhoqo Blandon.