Works Ezikhethiweyo. Anthology - ntoni na?

Ekubeni mandulo kakhulu yaqala inkongozelo ezahlukeneyo, iquka encinane, ubukhulu becala epigraphic ivesi imisebenzi ababhali ezahlukeneyo. Kufuneka kuthiwe ekuhambeni imbali, le ncwadi nje kuphela imisebenzi uncwadi, kodwa, umzekelo, umculo, imifanekiso eshukumayo, njalo njalo. D. Babizwa ngokuba anthologies. ezifanayo ezithile nezo ngqangi yinto paradigmatic. Iyintoni na intsingiselo yegama elithi "anthology"?

lwesigama

Ingcinga na iingcambu zamaGrike. Ntoni igama elithi "anthology"? Xa nenguqulo Greek - "intyatyambo", "ukuqokelelwa imibala". Ndimele ndithi, ukongeza imibongo, aphorisms eqokelelwe okanye ngamazwi eminye imisebenzi ekhethiweyo. Mandulo yaba anthology ethandwayo iingcinga. Ngawo la ingqokelela namhlanje siyazi amazwi ezininzi zo. Ngubani anthology yokuqala yaqulunqwa? Yintoni na ngengqiqo mihla? Makhe sijonge kweli nqaku.

indaba

Xa anthology yokuqala yaqulunqwa? Yintoni na, siya kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, kwaye ngoku ukunika ulwazi zembali. I emafini yokuqala yale ingqokelela yaba Meleager kwa-Aram. Oku umhla kunyaka BC 60. e. Phakathi ababhali bamandulo ukuze okhankanywe uPhilippe of Thessaloniki, Straton WaseSardesi kunye Diogeniana of Hercules. Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi ngqokelela, amagama kunxitywe ezahlukeneyo nto zagcinwa. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwafika intlanganiso kamva. Umzekelo, i-anthology umdla (oko kukuthi, iingcali zefilosofi uyazi kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ngelo xesha) wabhalwa ngenkulungwane 10 Konstantinom Kefalom. UConstantine wasebenzisa iingqokelela ababengaphambi kwakhe. Ngokukodwa, imisebenzi Agatha. Ingqokelela ilandelayo yaqulunqwa Maksimom Planudom. Abaphengululi abaninzi baye izigqibo xa sifunda oku anthology, ibe yingqokelela Ekse ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, kuquka inani epigrams ukwazi, ebeyinalo imisebenzi yobugcisa. Ukuthandwa omkhulu uye wavuka ngomnye yeengqokelela zokuqala, oluqulunqwe John Lascaris. Koko anthology ukuba iprintwe izihlandlo eziliqela. Kuzo zonke uhlobo ezikhoyo kuphela woku yakhutshwa. Yaba Henry Stepan. Kuba oku anthology, umbhali uye asebenzise iintlobo zemithombo.

Anthologia inedita

Ngowe-1606, ithala leencwadi Heidelberg Salmazy bafumana ikopi elisaphilayo kuluhlu anthologies Kuqulunqwe Konstantinom Kefalom, kwaye kuthelekiswa kulo nengqokelela Planuda. Ekubeni ebhalwe zonke umbongo yokuqala, ekube elinesibini, yaba ngqangi entsha. Noko ke, loo mveliso alizange lisebenze, ngokunjalo, enyanisweni, le ncwadi d'Orville. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yeminyaka Engamashumi, umbhalo-ngqangi wafuduselwa eRoma, yaye emva koko - e-Paris (kwisithuba yeemfazwe revolution). Ngowe-1816, ekugqibeleni babuyela anthology of Heidelberg. Ngeli xesha, izihlandlo eziliqela yapapashwa ngamanye amazwi nezokuqokelela zicatshulwa okanye ngokupheleleyo, phantsi kwesihloko Anthologia inedita.

ngqangi yamandulo

Ndingathi ukuba zonke izinto esongeziweyo kamva idyll iimbongi, epigrams, iingceba imisebenzi ezifumaneka kumatye ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibhalo, yapapashwa ngowe-1776 Brunkov. Emva koko ke ngqangi wakhutshelwa Jacobs nabanye ezingenziwanga kunye neengcaciso. Emva efanayo umbhali elungiswe yaza intlanganiso yesibini ngokusekelwe eyenziwe ngo-1776 kwimibhalo eRoma. Njengenxalenye yale anthology niyinikele ingqokelela Constantine Kefala kunye epigrams Planuda eqhotyoshelweyo. Ngokuba lo hlobo kule minyaka 1828-1829 wongezelela isongezelelo, akrwiqilizwe ezithathwe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo, Welker. In Paris kwi inkqubo efanayo kunye nezimvo kunye nokudluliselwa kwisiLatin Dyubnera (wafa ngaphambi kokuba kugqitywe umqulu yesibini) kwi-1864-1872 kaThixo. kwakukho edishini entsha. Izicatshulwa ezikhethiweyo ngamnye zaguqulelwa German.

Literature Ezinye izizwe

Ekubuthelaneni kwezizwe Mpuma aba ingqokelela ezininzi, eziquka ezahlukeneyo izicatshulwa imisebenzi zemibongo, ukubayinxalenye umbhali enye, okanye ngamanye amazwi eqokelelwe kwizihloko ezithile aba okanye ziimbongi. Ngokufuthi, banamathele namanqaku buqu, ezo zichazwe ngokulandelelana kwazo. Le anthology indala eyaziwayo ukuba abantu China. Lo mbhalo ubizwa "Shi Jing" kwaye lol magazini eziphefumlelweyo. Umbhali walo ingqalelo Confucius. Bit ingqokelela anthological sele olwimi uncwadi. Arabhu ngokuphathelele oku noko ngakumbi. Ukususela kubo, ndimele ndithi, isithethe kuba ingqokelela kunyulwa odluliselwe namaPersi. Ngenxa yoko, intlanganiso basePersi ngumzekelo Hindu Muslim, Ottoman, imibhalo-ngqangi Turkish.

ingqokelela ezahlukeneyo izicatshulwa imisebenzi zizifundo ezithandwayo kunye nembali okanye ezemfundo.

Kufuneka ke ukuba kweli xesha lethu, ezi ntlanganiso okubhankisha neentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela yobudala ezahlukeneyo (umzekelo, "Anthology iincwadi abantwana Russian kaThixo").

yesandla roman

Kufuneka ke ukuba okwangoku ayifumaneki na ingqokelela yamaRoma. anthologies ukuyila baqala ababhali ixesha kamva. Xa inkqubo Basondela eziphathekayo ukusuka yingqokelela enkulu, ebeyinalo ngenkulungwane yesi-6, okanye athathe izicatshulwa imibhalo ngesandla kunye nemibhalo. I emafini lokuqala - Scala, i anthology yapapashwa ngo-1573. Emva koko, ukuba ngaba ngemisebenzi ezininzi uPete. Olu shicilelo, wakhululwa kunyaka 1590, uPetros uthatha Burman (ml.). Uye wadala ngqangi, equlathe imisebenzi ngamnye 1544 enkondlo. Izongezo nezilungiso, oko iprintwe kwakhona ngo-1835 ngu John. Ngowe-1869 Rees waba intlanganiso entsha ebalulekileyo leyo ilula kakhulu kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, siye saxubusha ngokufutshane ingqikelelo "anthology" ntoni na, yaye ngoobani aba ababhali yokuqala.