Yayingeyiyo Oka masimu Reserve? Izilwanyana kwakunye nezityalo Oka Terrasny reserve

Phakathi kwinkulungwane XX (1948) kwagqitywa yokuguqula reserve enkulu, ibekwe namadlelo, kwiinkampani ezintlanu ezahlukeneyo. Kumaxesha ezinzima yolondolozo lwendalo (1951) e Region Moscow 4 reserves ziye zapheliswa. Ukususela ngelo xesha, Oka masimu Reserve - omnye kuphela namadlelo.

Wahamba waya womnatha enkulu zolondolozo lwendalo yi-UNESCO. NgoFebruwari 1979, wafumana isatifikethi.

Ukusuka kwimbali sinzima

Masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve waqalisa imisebenzi yayo ngoJuni 1945, okokuqala njengenxalenye yecandelo Reserved.

Emva kokufumana ubume imisebenzi yayo Reserves banzi kakhulu, ngoko 1984 godu isikhululo esweni yangasemva yenziwe apha, ebezisoloko into ephambili lokuqaphela yemozulu ubhaqo sokungcolisa kunye izinto ezinobungozi ukuba bangene ummandla

Ekuqaleni nenani-70 masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve waqalisa ukuqhuba esweni yokusingqongileyo kwinqanaba eziphilayo eliphezulu.

imisebenzi

Baninzi abafundi bethu baya kwazi ukuba usebenza njani le mibutho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe lethu. Ukuba unomdla ngaphezu odumileyo Oka masimu Reserve, indawo yokuqala, masifumanise ukuba yintoni imisebenzi bathunyelwa mbutho.

Eyokuqala ulondolozo zakhiwo ekhethekileyo zendalo, ngokufanayo kule ndawo.

ukufunda umile eziphila ye-Reserve kunye nakwiindawo ezikufuphi. Restoration kunye nokulondolozwa zezilo zendalo kunye nohlaza.

Esi sifundo, zizalele chithwa ngolunya ezihlala yabo yangaphambili inyathi yaseYurophu.

Njengoko ubona, nkqu ngokwesiseko imisebenzi uyakwazi ukuzoba ezinye izigqibo ngento odumileyo Oka masimu Reserve.

Ngembali yaso yonke, it has umsebenzi lokubuyiselwa nolondolozo zoqobo ezinqabileyo le ntlobo kule ngingqi. Isiphumo salo msebenzi ezimbaxa kunye elizintlontlobo kunxulumano phakathi zophuculo ebonakalayo izilwanyana kwingingqi eMoscow.

umbono Aboriginal kwezi ndawo - beaver - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX anqamka phantse ngokupheleleyo phaya embindini i-Russian Plain. Ukuze ukubuyisela kwindawo ekhuselweyo ngo 1948 beaver yomzekelo 4 reserve yesixeko Voronezh. Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva (1955) bathelela abemi ngezibini 2 nokwehla Russian.

Ngowe-1962, ezi zilwanyana baqalisa ukuhlala. Sele 1973 kwakukho labemi eMoscow Southern, uniko manani 110 beaver ematyotyombeni 30 omlambo i-Oka. Ngo-Oktobha 2003, ngaphandle ummandla wolondolozo, kwisithili Serpukhov, kukho sele baba 68 zokuhlala ezi zilwanyana ukubala abantu 329.

iimeko zemozulu

Masimu Oka Biosphere Reserve, ifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, imozulu ezahlukeneyo epholileyo yezwekazi. Kulo mmandla, ubusika ephakathi frosty, kwaye ihlobo ishushu. I-avareji lobushushu lomoya wonyaka lingaphumi ngentla - ° 3.9 C. Le nyanga edl '- Julayi (+17,7 ° C), i-Januwari kubanda (10,5 ° C). lobushushu eliphezulu - 38 ° C, ubuncinane - -43 ° C. Kwezulu yonyaka ngaphantsi kwe-500 mm kwemvula. Ebubanzini inshorensi ikhephu elo, ebonakala ekupheleni kukaNovemba kwaye esiza Epreli, 55 cm.

ukukhululeka

ithafa masimu, ngobunono itsheke ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi. masimu Uncedo vypolozhenny. Into uphawu uncedo kunezahlulo esembindini esemantla reserve zizinto sinkholes ukuba kwenzeka kwiindawo apho amalahle lekalika ngokusondeleyo overlie.

Ukuze isiqabu masimu esemazantsi luphawulwa iinduli oyisanti kunye nemithi, leyo kwavusa neemitha 10-15 ngaphezu, iindawo ezisezantsi ezikufutshane.

zamanzi

Lo mmandla reserve alupheleli inani elikhulu okugcina amanzi. Apho imilambo eziliqela amancinane amanzi aphantsi kolwandle kunye nezimbuku ezimbalwa. Imilambo inkulu - Ponikovka kunye Todenka, nto leyo ethatha imvelaphi yayo ngaphandle Reserve, ubude bayo imalunga 9 km, nobubanzi malunga-4 m.

Kubo amachibi ngobukhulu kunye Sirnovskoe Protovskoe. Xa kukubalela kwasehlotyeni amachibi koma phantse ngokupheleleyo. Umgxobhozo ziyathandwa inxalenye encinane yale ndawo (ngaphantsi kwe-1%).

Animals Oka Terrasny reserve

iintlobo Native - amaxhama, leyo anqamka kummandla ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX. Ukubuyisela, kwi Oka Reserve masimu iipere ezi-2 ezi zilwanyana zaqaliswa ngo-1948. Zabo yakhululwa ngo-1950. Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-1957 inani ezi zilwanyana kwi reserve lifikelele amanani irekhodi - 63. Ukususela kule nexhama ngongoma waqala ezilalisa kummandla yaseChekhov kunye kwisithili Serpukhov.

Ngowe-1967 ibuyiselwe kufuphi Moscow, nelinqa labemi yayiquka ngabantu 157. NgoFebruwari 2008 inani sele iqeshe abantu 170. Olu hlobo ngempumelelo sibuyiswe waza wabuyela izilwanyana kuzingela.

dlebe

Ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "Yintoni eyaziwayo Oka masimu Reserve?", Sinako bathi: ". Ukunyuka kwenani labemi dlebe" Phambi kokuba Second World War le uhlobo ephantsi kakhulu kwezi ndawo. Emva kwemfazwe, kuye kwaba ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kwenani labemi apho. Oku lalonyukile embindini ka-1961 - 1300 izilwanyana kwisithili Serpukhov, kubandakanywa 300 kumiwa masimu Oka Reserve.

Ngenxa ezixineneyo zezilwanyana yeentlawulo kwakukho iingxaki nemeko yehlathi, kwakunye nemeko kunye elk kwi namadlelo Southern. Kwakukho ityala enkulu kunye ukubonakala izifo epizootic. Emva ukufunda ngokweenkcukacha imeko nzulu reserve LV Zablotskaya zanyanzelisa ummiselo elk labemi ngokudubula. Ebusika 1961 yena wazixuna isilwanyana kwi reserve 101 no-128 - kwisithili Serpukhov. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba nje kwiminyaka embalwa labantu wahlala kwinqanaba kuvumelekile.

Ixhoba uqhelekileyo abemi egciniweyo yi impungutye. Ukongeza, kwintsimi baphila iintlobo ezahlukeneyo 11 ezincancisayo ezidla, 7 zazo kulo mhlaba kuphila ngonaphakade.

Nasemalulwaneni (nasemalulwaneni) zimelwe ziintlobo-11. Phakathi kwabo - bat i Natterer kaThixo, plecotus, amanzi, ichibi, obomvu, vechornytsi ezincinane ebomvu kunye nabanye.

abemi abaninzi ngokufanelekileyo nomvundla, akufane inokufumaneka nomvundla. Emva kokunyamalala elide wabuya beaver, yaye ngovuyo kuhlala imilambo ezikhuselweyo.

bison

Phakathi ezanyisayo awayengabemi Oka masimu Park, inyathi, okanye mandithi, omnye ngohlobo lwazo - Bison bonasus L. - ezenziwe kwi-International Red Book, ngokunjalo kwi-Red encwadini Russian Federation.

Ngowe-1948, M. A. Zablotsky wadala nursery bison. injongo yakhe - ukubuyisela inyathi ukuzala neentlobo ezinqabileyo. Phambi kokuba nursery zaye tasks:

• nokukhulisa, ndimkhulule ibe endle ngo uhlobo zabo zangaphambili zokuhlala, ukutshintshwa abantu womelele kwaye usempilweni kwezinye iigadi umyezo kunye nakwiindawo zokukhulisa;
• ukwandiswa kunye nolondolozo lezakhi bison.
• uphando kwi eziphilayo, ibhayoloji, ethology inyathi;
• uphuculo nophuhliso iindlela ezintsha ugcino kunye nokuzala inyathi ekuthinjweni, ngokunjalo phantsi kweemeko zendalo.

Le nursery umi ummandla weehektare 200. Kuba iimeko bison apha esondele zendalo. indawo nursery yahlulwe peni alinganayo. Bona yayibiyelwe enemingxuma of ucingo eziqhagamshelene mizila elide.

Xa abhale nganye iqulethe usapho bison. Siqulathe eyindoda, 5 (kunqabile 4) abasetyhini kunye usemncinane leenyanga ezili-10. Ke amathole bison yahlukanisiwe ukusuka koonina, kwaye ukudala "ubutsha" umhlambi.

Ekupheleni kuka-2009 kweli yenja yaphakamisa ize ithunyelwe kwiingingqi ezahlukahlukeneyo eRashiya, Belarus, Ukraine kunye namanye amazwe kwe 328 inyathi zohlobo.

Xa nursery uphando olubanzi kwi-biology, ethology bison. Ukongeza, le nursery Central inyathi lilungiselelwa kunye noqeqesho ziingcali kakhulu, ngubani na ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwezinye iindawo.

Kuba izifundo othelekiso afakwe phaya nursery ziquka iqela zenyathi yaseMelika.

Flora

Ukuba baqonda ukuthi famous photos Oka masimu Reserve ezithunyelwe iintlelo ezizodwa, kuya kukunceda ukuba ucinge uhlobo ezi iindawo ezimangalisayo. Xa reserve kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu 950 ezahlukileyo zezityalo.

Kwezi imithi ingakumbi pine eqhelekileyo, um-oki, Linden, Aspen, nespruce, ezinde. amahlathi ezinjalo mixed ngu-93% ye-reserve iyonke.

Xa abadala, amahlathi ostepnonnyh kukhula bokudaya ngxushu, engwevu-iinwele Veronica, umtshayelo, sedge, njalo-njalo. D.

Ikalika-pine-oki yehlathi babe ukungcola evela maple kunye undergrowth of bereskeleta, uHazel, Weeks, viburnum kunye t. D.

Kukho inala namaqunube, awayengabemi Oka masimu Reserve. Plants eli qela - blueberry, cranberry, Kislichnaya, kwakunye cranberries kunye iiblueberries zifumaneka kakhulu emahlathini kumantla nompleyini le reserve.

iintaka

Ebekelwe bucala eninzi yeentaka. Kumahlathi mixed bakhetha amanqanaba yazo efanelekileyo, apho amantshontsho zabo ekhuselekileyo, ukuba ayakhuselwa utshaba apho kulula ukufumana ukutya. Umzekelo, IKONA ezi ezinkulu ezizingelayo izithsaba umthi omkhulu zilahlwe kwi ezintlu yokuqala.

iintaka ezincinane ukutya izinambuzane ezilalisa kumgangatho wesibini okanye undergrowth, yaye ulungiselela owl iindlwane emhlabeni. Apha uyakwazi ukufumana tits emikhulu ntaka, redstart kunye umthi pipit, nuthatch neenkuni iprofayile, ithrashi kunye zoryanku kunye nabanye abaninzi.

zone yolondolozo

Ukwenzela ukunciphisa isiphumo esebenzayo umsebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu zone buffer wadalwa kwi reserve entsonkothileyo yendalo. ummandla wayo kakhulu inkulu - 4710 indawo ha kunye ububanzi km 2. Oku kuquka izithili ehlathini wezandyondyo Oka ezingqonge ummandla.

Kule ndawo, ngokwahlukileyo kulo myezo, wavumela umsebenzi limited yezoqoqosho. Imvume pha kwamahlathi, kunye ahlabayo rhoqo kuyathintelwa. umsebenzi Agricultural kwindawo wezandyondyo ze-Oka (esalelweyo ukuba balime ilizwe entsha). Ukongeza, kwapheliswa ukugrumba, utsalo kunye nezimbiwa, ukwakhiwa zonke iintlobo iindlela kunye nezakhiwo nayiphi na injongo. lokuloba Terms nokuzingela kufuneka ibe elungelelanisiweyo kunye nolawulo.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

I-Reserve sisiseko esihle lwenzululwazi kwizikolo ezininzi aphezulu elikomkhulu, kwakunye namaziko emfundo yaseRashiya. Apha abafundi probation evela kumasebe ahlukeneyo kunye namasebe eMoscow State University, Moscow Agricultural Academy Timiryazev. Apha abafundi bafumane amava kwifakhalthi yebhayoloji yolo Moscow State University. Ukongeza, kukho iingcali ezivela kumaziko ezahlukeneyo zophando. Kuyinto umsebenzi ngenxa zemvelo ulutsha ebekelwe - lyceums kunye nezikolo.

Oka masimu reserve: ncomo umthengi

Ngokutsho kwabo baye batyelela le ndawo emangalisayo, ukuba wadalwa kubathandi bemvelo. Bonke babubone an amazing kwaye kunqabile kule mihla ithuba ukubona ubuhle ye kummandla eMoscow kunye unique, ngamanye amaxesha esengozini wokutshabalala, iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana.

Iindwendwe banelisekile ukuba reserve uhamba nabo ephelekwa Bakhokelindini abanamava ovusa ukuthetha ngobuchule malunga izilwanyana kunye nezityalo.

Abaninzi bakhalazela ukuba izithole nyathi ukuya kude kakhulu, akugcine lulawulo amalungiselelo ezinye izithuthi ukuze ngeenxa zonke ndawo.