Uqoqosho Greece ulindwa (ngokufutshane). Iimpawu zoqoqosho zamaGrike. Economy of Ancient Greece

Greece i umbuso owodwa, nto leyo ibekwe emazantsi eYurophu. Ngokoqikelelo yakutshanje abemi belizwe nje abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-11 zabantu. Hellenic Republic ithatha indawo ka-132 amawaka square metres. km. Kungoku nje, urhulumente waba kakhulu iingxaki zoqoqosho, nto leyo ikhokelele kwizitalato emikhulu kuza yoqhankqalazo engaphele ndawo, udlame, intelekelelo nokuqunjiswa.

lizwe yabucala

Ikomkhulu Greece yi Athens. Umzimba lowiso eziphambili - ePalamente. Ngentwasahlobo yowama-2015 uMongameli weRiphabliki yi Prokopis Pavlopoulos. Greece waba elizimeleyo ngo-1821, wahlukana Ottoman Caliphate.

Ifunyanwa umbuso owodwa kwi the Balkan Peninsula. Phantsi kolawulo lizwe eyele iziqithi ezininzi indawo. Greece ngokwayo yohlulwe kwimimandla yolawulo 13. Bazihlamba Thracian, Icarian, iAegean, eKrete, Corinth kunye neelwandle lweMeditera. Isambuku ilizwe umda kunye namazwe afana Albania, eBulgaria, Turkey kunye eMakedoni. Abemi nge 98% Orthodox. Nangona ilifa zenkcubeko nezembali zizityebi, kwindawo yangoku Greece kwiipolitiki ehlabathini kunye noqoqosho suku ngalunye kuya kuba tenuous ngakumbi. Ilizwe esilawulwa kumacandelo ezolimo kunye noshishino. Inxalenye enkulu inzuzo urhulumente luthathe kunye nokhenketho.

Imvelaphi kuqoqosho

Yamandulo Greece ibizwa kwiilali yamandulo ukuba Wabonakala ekuqaleni BC nkulungwane yokuqala. e. kunxweme kunye iziqithi uLwandle lweMeditera. Ngaloo mihla, impucuko eziphuhlileyo nje eRoma neGrisi. Uqoqosho yayisekelwe kwinkqubo khoboka. Le propati yabucala yaba isiseko uqoqosho.

uluntu Civil and sokumiswa abunjwe ngokuthe ngcembe kunye nophuhliso kwamaziko entando yesininzi. Hellas ekuqaleni yalilizwe yeengcungcu. Uqoqosho of Greece yamandulo kwakuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho nkqubo kwasekwa ngenxa yokubola yoluntu. isixeko ngasinye simanyene nempahla basebukhosini. Amalungu kwipali waba amalungelo ezopolitiko kunye noluntu. Yaba abo babeka iziseko yobudlelwane emali kunye yorhwebo. Icandelo lokuqala sezoqoqosho ezolimo, umzekelo, ukulinywa iidiliya iminquma. Emva iinkomo Kwadlula (iigusha, iibhokhwe kunye njalo njalo. D.). Wezandla kunye namafama abathatha inxaxheba kurhwebo. Emva ngemihla yamandulo zamazwe Greece baba zizityebi izibonelelo ezinoncedo ezifana nobhedu, nesilivere, negolide, ilothe, naziiperile.

Uphuhliso noqoqosho lukumgangatho

Le abenzi bemilingo yokusebenza kwemali busuka emva ukuya ku-1996. Ngoko GDP yaba malunga $ 120 yezigidi zezigidi. Umntu ngamnye ngonyaka ngamnye wamkela $ 11,500. Emva koko, ngenxa amazinga okukhula enefuthe ngayo lokubuya phakathi kwabalawuli kumazwe aseYurophu ukuba nje Greece. uqoqosho zeRiphabliki ngelo xesha yayisekelwe impumelelo kwezolimo kunye namashishini. Isabelo kula macandelo accounted for ngaphezu kwama-55%. Amanye amalungu ipesenti ekwabelwana phakathi kweenkonzo kunye irhafu kwimibutho kwezokhenketho. Intswelangqesho ayidluli 11%.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-21th yabalasela lizwe iinguqu ezinkulu zemali. E Greece wasuka zivele ngenxa kubatyali-mali bamanye amazwe. Kwelinye icala, ukuba uzinzise uqoqosho ukuvala izikhewu kwezinye iinkalo ezibalulekileyo. Kwelinye - inkqubo yesizwe kwafuneka ukuqhelana uhlanganiso Western. Ngenxa yoko, Greece iye ngokuthe ngcembe ukunika indlela namaqabane yayo kwi-European Union. Bamba capital kunceda kuphela mboleko elenza evela American, Italian, isiFrentshi, eSwitzerland iibhanki German. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu eziphambili kuqoqosho isiGrike kumacandelo zahlala zilolo hlobo zazilulo. GDP ukusuka kwezolimo yi-8.3%, ummandla mveliso - up 27.3% ukusuka iinkonzo - ngaphezu kwe-64.4%. Ngelo xesha linye neemfuno zabemi kuzo amafutha engamanzi ziyadibana kuphela ngeendleko sokungena.

Iimpawu kuqoqosho jikelele

Enye iintlanga agro-ephuhliswe of Europe kudala ingqalelo ukuba eGrisi. uqoqosho yelizwe kwi elingana bubalaselayo nokuba amanye amalungu eziphambili EU. Icala elisezantsi kuphela umthwalo uphuhliso lwamashishini of Greece, ngumlinganiselo kwinqanaba kwimveliso.

kwicandelo lukaRhulumente lukhutshwa ebengaphantsi kancinane nje kwisiqingatha GDP. Oku kufezekiswe ngesicwangciso esisekelwe zorhwebo ephuhliswe kakuhle kunye necandelo leebhanki. isabelo yokuzenzela ingeniso kwaye ungenise neenkampani ze-inshorensi, kunye nokhenketho. Njengoko yeshishini, kwiminyaka yakutshanje inzuzo kakhulu ke nemiqhaphu, petrochemical, ukutya kunye namashishini metallurgical. Ngenxa yoko, i-link kaloliwe obuthathaka, ingeyo umoya nolwandle. Ngokubanzi, uqoqosho yamaGrike nje ngokufutshane luphawulwa amacandelo amabini: kokoma kwindlela yogcino-mali kwaye inciphise ukukhula ye-GDP. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba malunga ne-20% kwemali turnover nokuhlala ngokwezavenge isithunzi.

Iifektri nolimo

Isakhiwo kumacandelo kweli lizwe bengaphuhlanga ngokulinganayo kwaye uhlasela lonke. Kodwa kushishino ekukhanyeni enye amagunya emikhulu kwakhona Greece. uqoqosho ezifunyanwa kwilizwe lethu bezele zizinto kulo iimveliso lokuloba phantse-19%. Ngelo efanayo ixesha inxaxheba kushishino ukukhanya ngaphezu kwe-21% yabemi.

Ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqhubeka wawusembiwa nickel esikrwada, webauxite, elilukhuni, magnetite, pyrite. aphuhliswe kakuhle imveliso ngentsimbi, ngezobunjineli, zokusebenza. Kuqala noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo lo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqoqosho lokuthumela.

Ezolimo zisekelwe phezu imibutho umlimi labucala. Ngenxa kubo uqoqosho lesiGrike kukho kwakhona qho ngonyaka nge-7%, kwaye imalunga $ 16 billion. Le spectrum iquka isilwanyana yezolimo abantwana, ezolimo kunye okuloba. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, 41% yomhlaba belizwe abemi zasemadlelweni, kodwa-39% - amahlathi kunye elimayo.

inzuzo woKhanketho

Greece ngonyaka watyelelwa abatyeleli malunga nezigidi ezingama-20. Abakhenkethi ungenise wokulondoloza imali karhulumente ngaphezu kwe-15% ye-GDP. Le ndawo kakhulu watyelela ke elunxwemeni. Sunbathers kunye ukuqubha kufika ihlobo zonke eAthene, Chora, Heraklion, Thessaloniki kunye nezinye iidolophu iiholide enkulu. Ukutsala abakhenkethi ngobuhle bayo kunye nomoya okukhulu imvisiswano iziqithi ezifana Rhodes, eKrete, Santorini, ePeloponnese, Mykonos. Musa ukuba kuhambe ukuya kuthi malunga ukhenketho emininzi iza uLwandle lweMeditera.

Noko ke, kule sibini edlulileyo iye yaba abakhenkethi ngomkhombe enkulu apho. Kuphela kwisiqingatha sokuqala sika-2015 kwakukho ngaphantsi 22% ngaphezu kwangaphambili. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho lwe Greece uye waphoswa malunga 6,8 ezigidi zeerandi.

Abakhenkethi abaninzi bathi kamva inzuzo ngakumbi ukuya kwi kwikhefu eCrimea, Bulgaria okanye Turkey. Kukho kunye namaxabiso abanyanisekileyo kunye neenkonzo obungcono.

Le ntlekele yetyala

Qho mboleko mali ngonyaka Greece ngokukhawuleza ehlabathini liyenyuka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ityala yangaphandle karhulumente kowethu, ngaphezulu kwama-450 ezigidi. Esi sixa idlula GDP yonyaka phantse 2 amaxesha. Kubonakala, kweli lizwe-kanye nempumelelo ezifana eGrisi, uqoqosho Axhome esikalini. Ngokutsho kweengcali, namatyala iyonke ngo-2018 akwazi ukufikelela euro 600 billion. Oku ityala eyodlula axakwe inkqubo Greek zebhanki nje kuphela, kodwa ubunye yaseYurophu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho dividends nkqu intlawulo ubuncinane.

URhulumente Greek ungxamile baqalisa ukuhambisa abatyali ezinkulu sinyanisekile inkqubo babucala. Noko ke, bekuya elinye le meko kuphela. Kwendlao kwi lizwe sele iqalile.

Ubangelwa yeengxaki zemali

uqoqosho Greece kukuba ngoku ngxexesha kungekho kukhula. NgoJanuwari 2015 urhulumente omtsha kweli lizwe. msebenzi solungiselelo yayiza ukukhangela ezinye iindlela zokuzinzisa uqoqosho ngaphandle koncedo-European Central Bank.

Ngo March 2015 Greece wala ukuhlawula ityala, ukufikelela ngendlela engqongqo yayo buso, sibhalele uthi zibekho. NgoJuni, zonke iintengiselwano ziye zapheliswa kunye Athens International Monetary Fund. Inkqubela sele iphunyelelwe, kunye Central Bank of Europe. Ngaphezu koko, ekuqaleni ngoJulayi, uRhulumente inkxaso iziphumo ngodaba ukwala EU. Ngenxa yoko, uqoqosho Greece namhlanje - yinto ehlala nzulu, imveliso leyo iya kufumaneka kwakamsinya.

aid credit

ithuba Fat e uzinzo imeko emaxongo Kukwamkelwa zeKomishoni yaseYurophu. Lo mbutho ukulungele ukunika Greece kunye mboleko ixesha elifutshane isixa-euro 7 billion. Oku kuya kukhokelela okwethutyana ilizwe ngaphandle emiselweyo. Noko ke, ukuba ukuyibuyisa le mali iza kuba de-Oktobha walo nyaka, olubandakanyayo. Sikunye eGrisi, mboleko kunye neminye imiqathango ebekwe ukuze zamkelwe yikomishoni akhethekileyo EU.

Ngokutsho iindaba zakutshanje, kucacile ukuba iqela Alexis Tsipras kwaye uninzi epalamente wavotelwa imvume esivumelwano ne EU. Ngoku Greece uya kufumana ithuba recovery buso.