Theory Ezinto-kwikinetiki - yonke into iinkcukacha

Ingqikelelo ukuba indalo yonke yenziwe amasuntswana amancinane, wabonisa zobulumko zamandulo zamaGrike. Le hypothesis kuhlala bokuba ixesha elide. Zonke ukufunda ihlabathi ngeenxa nokuziphatha kwe imizimba ngokusekelwe kwindlela kokukhulu. Noko ke, ingcamango molekyuli-ekinetiki (MCT) wadalwa ngaphezu kwexesha iziphumo ezingasetyenziswanga nezifundo uhlobo ubuncwane ayisekho ezilungisele ingqiqo ekhoyo theoretical, uze emva koko izazinzulu.

MKT achaze izenzakalo thermal kunye lwangaphakathi iimpawu ebonakalayo imizimba ngokwesiseko intshukumo kunye impefumlelwano ion, molecule atom ngazo aba imizimba zakhiwa. Ngamanye amazwi, le thiyori uzama ukucacisa ngezenzeko kokukhulu ngokwembono ndlela ngemikroskopu. Eyona engundoqo Amalungiselelo e-worldwork theory lwalusanda-kwikinetiki oku kulandelayo:

1. Le nto ibandakanya amasuntswana ngamnye - ion, athom, iimolekyuli.
2. Zonke Ukuhambisa ngokungakhethiyo kwaye rhoqo.
3. Amasuntswana njalo wanelise nawuphi na ngoka dudula.

I postulate yokuqala, olusekelwe phezu ingcamango molekyuli-kwikinetiki zingangqinwa ngokubona elula nge-kwemikroskopu. iimpawu zayo kukuvumela ukuba ubone ngqo athom kunye iimolekyuli. Ezi "iibhloko zokwakha" ezakha izinto, musa ndibazalisa ngokunxila bonke indawo efumanekayo - bebekwe kumgama ukusuka kwenye. Enye ukuqiniswa postulate inokuba ukwanda ubukhulu emzimbeni ngexesha ukufudumeza. Apha kwakhona, kucacile - ngokufudumeza umgama phakathi kwamasuntswana ngamnye kwandisa, kwaye ubungakanani ukunyuka zomzimba.

Kwindawo yesibini le ILC ibhekisela intshukumo nezidubedube ngokuqhubekayo. Le meko kunokuthi kuqinisekiswa yi okukhe kunye kwe- nesenzeko. Unobangela okukhe kukho ukungqubana phakathi kwamasuntswana ngamnye, kwaye kanye ihamba zazivelela. Kwaye oku njengobungqina olongezelelweyo kwindawo yokuqala (ubukho athom kunye iimolekyuli).

nokuhanjiswa phenomenon sikuko kwii efanayo kwezinto omnye komnye. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa isindululo umbhodamo amasuntswana elithile. Ngenxa yokwanda nokungakwazi kwii ubunzulu uchatha. Kukwaxhomekeke nasekubeni amaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo.

Njengokuba ubungqina kwindawo yesithathu ingahoywa MKT imizimba elastic. imigama umzimba eqine phakathi kwamasuntswana ngamnye kunye izinto ukwandisa baqale ngegqudu amandla yomtsalane, balima ukubuyela yonke indawo yokuqala. Xa ngokuveza, ngokuchaseneyo, esilawulwa amandla sisenzo.

Kaloku, lo impikiswano engqina oku ke ithi ezahlukeneyo apho iziyobisi kusenokuba. Ukutshintsha simo into ngenxa yokuba kutshintshwe imikhosi zokubambela phakathi kweengqakumbana ngamnye. Sami yamasuntswana efanayo ngexesha elinye kuhlala ingatshintshanga.

Xa sibuyela kumbuzo ingenzeka le ILC, sinokuthi isiseko ingcamango lwalusanda-kwikinetiki babekwa imisebenzi M. V. Lomonosova. Bona banikwa ingcaciso iimpawu ezingundoqo zegesi kunye nobushushu bendalo. nokucingela zakhe saba kwaye kuqinisekiswa ekupheleni X I, X leminyaka.

Okusebenzayo zesayensi senkolelo ngeli xesha sele ezimiselwe parameters zonxibelelwano igesi ongatshintshiyo (ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ivolyum) kunye ezincinane (ubungakanani, ubunzima kunye uqina le iimolekyuli). Ngenxa yoko igama - ingcamango molekyuli-entshukumo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uphuhliso le ngcamango zange ayeke, nokuqhubeka unanamhla. Ngoku ibizwa ngokuba ubucukubhede manani kwaye ichaza ukuziphatha oluninzi athom kunye iimolekyuli.

Le ingcaciso engaphezulu eyanikwa yintoni na ingcamango molekyuli-entshukumo. Uchaza amalungiselelo zayo eziphambili thaca iinkcukacha ebonisa ecetyiswayo.