Magnetosphere Umhlaba esithi: neziphumo zotshintsho. iqokobhe engaphandle Womhlaba

Magnetosphere ziqina naliphi na iqumrhu zibuthe. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba amasuntswana amaxabiso zitenxe ukusuka kumgca wokuqala sesindululo phantsi yempembelelo ubutsalane lwangaphakathi. A indawo yentlanganiso amandla elanga kunye mhlaba otsalayo ivelisa inwebu plasma egubungele magnetosphere.

Isiphumo kwelanga emhlabeni

Ilanga likhipha izixa ezikhulu amandla, nto leyo rhoqo landayo "umphunga" ngaphandle. Oku kwanda ngokuba umoya elanga.

Umoya elanga kunabela nakweliphina icala, ndibazalisa ngokunxila bonke indawo omncane. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kule ngingqi plasma ukwakhiwa oluphakathi ibunjiwe, ekuthiwa plasma nomoya welanga.

plasma Solar ihamba spirally, nge-avareji leentsuku 4 uleyisayo lekhefu phakathi ilanga kunye nomhlaba.

Sun ikhupha amandla ngayo ubomi emhlabeni. Noko ke, ilanga uyeza nemitha yingozi, anokuwuchitha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Xa isiphakamiso Umhlaba ujikeleza radiation ilanga hhayi lonke isasazwe kuwo wonke unyaka. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, utshintsha amaxesha.

Ekhusela Umhlaba?

Isakhiwo endalo uMhlaba ukhusela ukusuka kwimitha yingozi elanga. Umhlaba ingqongwe amaqokobhe ezininzi:

• magnetosphere okhusela ekubhobhozeni radiation elanga;
• ionosphere, zikwazi-X-reyi kwaye yelanga;
• ozone sinyanzelo imali eyintsalela lwe yelanga.

Ngenxa yoko, onokuphila koMhlaba (yemvelo eziphilayo) likhuselwe ngokupheleleyo.

magnetosphere Umhlaba kaThixo - umaleko ezikhuselayo, umhlaba angaphandle. Kuyinto asisithintelo plasma nomoya welanga. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-plasma ilanga ujikeleze uMhlaba, ekusekeni ukuyilwa cavernous apho Bufihlakele endle geomagnetic.

Kutheni kukho mhlaba otsalayo?

Oonobangela neeNdawo Ubutsalane efihliweyo ngaphakathi emhlabeni. Njengoko eyaziwayo isakhiwo Earth emhlabeni, le nkqubo ibandakanya:

• core;
• ingubo;
• eqweqweni Yomhlaba.

Ehlabathini lonke kukho iintlobo kwamabala, kuquka omxhuzulane kunye ngemagnethi. Bekukubi in Ngokwengcamango elula nokutsala behlabathi onke amasuntswana eziphathekayo.

ubutsalane Umhlaba lolona nesenzeko ukuba senziwe kwemida engundoqo kunye yokwaleka. Iplanethi ngokwawo - yinto umazibuthe wakhe omkhulu, ibhola ngokufanayo magnetized.

Unobangela zonke zemagneti zikagesi magnetization yangoku rhoqo. Izazinzulu ababandakanyekayo ingxaki ubutsalane koMhlaba, ufumanise:

• ebangela umtsalane Imagnethi yomhlaba;
• ukumisela unxibelelwano phakathi ubutsalane ezisentlabathini kunye nemithombo yayo;
• ukumisela lonikezelo kunye nolwalathiso lo mhlaba otsalayo kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Ezi zifundo ziqhutywa ngophengululo zemagneti ngokunjalo ubonwa Observatory - iingongoma ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba.

wenza njani le magnetosphere?

Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa magnetosphere obuphantsi ziveliswa:

• umoya solar;
• ubutsalane kukodwa.

Umoya solar - imveliso plasma isasazwa ukusuka kweLanga onke amacala. Isantya umoya phezu 300-800 km / s. Umoya solar izaliswe protons, elektroni, amasuntswana alpha yaye lubonakala ngokuba miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela cala. Umoya solar sinikezwe ubutsalane solar plasma ezihambisekayo kude kakhulu.

magnetosphere Umhlaba yeyona kwisisu kakhulu inzima. Onke amalungu alo azele iinkqubo plasma, ezi iindlela lunikezelo ngokubaluleka yamasuntswana enkulu. Kwicala enelanga ye umsantsa ukusuka embindini Umhlaba kwimida emiselwe amandla umoya solar kwaye ukufikelela iikhilomitha ezingama-60 ukuya kuma-70 amawaka, nto leyo ilingana kwirediyasi Umhlaba 10-12 Re. Re ilingana 6371 km.

imida Magnetosphere iyohluka, kuxhomekeka kwindawo kuthelekiswa ilanga. Loo umda kwicala enelanga yefomu iyafana iqokobhe. umgama wayo eyiyona 15 Re. Nge magnetosphere olungeluhle kuthatha uhlobo nomsila zezindlu, radius yayo 20-25 Re, ubude 200 Re, ophela engaziwayo.

Kulo magnetosphere, kukho iindawo, zibizwa ngokuba "ibhanti radiation" kunye amasuntswana esinika amandla. Magnetosphere ekwaziyo lokuqala oscillation ezahlukeneyo ngokwaso ngumthombo radiation, inxalenye yayo kusichukumisa Umhlaba.

I-plasma ingena amathuba magnetosphere phakathi mpawu magnetopause - cusps polar, kwaye kananjalo ngenxa ngezenzeko ulungiselo instabilities.

Umsebenzi lo mhlaba otsalayo

magnetosphere Umhlaba ngayo ichaphazela umsebenzi geomagnetic, izaqhwithi geomagnetic kunye substorms.

Ikhusela eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwalo, ubomi kuya kupheza. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, iilwandlekazi Mars kunye nomoya walo uye emajukujukwini ngenxa yempembelelo umoya solar kuyekiwe. Njengoko Venus namanzi nophondo emajukujukwini ukubhobhoza elanga.

Le magnetosphere kwakhona kaZeyus, Uranus, uSaturn Neptune. IMars Mercury ukuba iqokobhe magnetic zingabalulekanga. Venus ke musa, kunye nomoya welanga ukulawula ukumelana ngenxa ionosphere.

iimpawu zasendle

Eyona impahla lo mhlaba otsalayo - le akhululeke. ngamandla Magnetic - yinto a ubungakanani yomzobo yesiboniso. Imagnethi Planet kaThixo imelwe imigca amandla tangential kubo ukubonisa ulwalathiso kumda wesangqa uxinzeleko.

Lo mhlaba otsalayo kwezi ntsuku ngu 0.5 œ okanye 0.1 A / m. Iinzululwazi amukela ukuhla kwixabiso elidlulileyo. Kodwa ke kwiminyaka 2-3.5 billion yokugqibela, intsimi geomagnetic ayikatshintshi.

Point on Earth, apho imeko yalathiswa nkqo, zibizwa ngokuba izibonda ngemagnethi. On namazwe azo ezimbini:

• North;
• South.

Ukutyhubela izibonda ezimbini idlule ngqo - axis ngemagnethi. Circle, akhiwe aa Incopho esqwini, - a ikhweyitha ngemagnethi. Amandla entsimini, xa ikhweyitha tye.

Izinti magnetic

Izinti magnetic musa ne eendawo njengesiqhelo. izibonda Geographic akhiwe kwi esqwini ngokwezelizwe kunye apho umhlaba ujikeleza. Xa isiphakamiso uMhlaba ujikeleza ilanga kwicala axis komhlaba kuyagcinwa.

utolo yekhampasi kubonisa ngokuchanekileyo Magnetic North Pole. Observatory Imagnethi walinganisa ukuhla lo mhlaba otsalayo ngexesha lasemini, abanye babo benza yonke umlinganiselo yesibini.

Ukusuka North Pole ukuya South kudlula esiqu ngemagnethi. I-engile ephakathi ithe cwaka Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye ngokwezelizwe kuthiwa declination ngemagnethi. Nasiphi na indawo kwi Umhlaba engile yalo declination.

Xa umazibuthe ikhweyitha utolo iqhele tyaba. Xa ukuya ekupheleni ngentla belukuyo utolo eliphezulu nemikhanzi phantsi. I-engile ephakathi lutolo kumphezulu tye - etyekele ngemagnethi. In izibonda endle kunye utyekelo inkulu degrees 90.

Moving amasimi magnetic

Kunye nelungiselelo zezibonda otsalayo itshintswa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ekuqaleni, lo kwipali magnethi yavulwa 1831, yaye ngoko ke khona amakhulu eekhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo yangoku. umgama eyiyona intshukumo kunyaka - 15 km.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izinga lokuhamba zezibonda magnetic kwandisa. North Pole ihamba ngesantya of km-40 ngonyaka.

Lungisa amasimi magnetic

Inkqubo ukutshintsha ezichaseneyo ehlabathini ibizwa ngokuba inversion. Izazinzulu wazi ubuncinane malunga 100 xa intsimi geomagnetic umva wokwephuka yayo.

Kukholelwa ukuba inversion kwenzeka qho emva kweminyaka 11-12 eliwaka. Ezinye iinguqulelo ibizwa 13, 500 yaye 780 000. Mhlawumbi inversion akukho periodicity ecacileyo. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba inversions edlulileyo ebomini on Earth wahlala.

Abantu esiyicelayo, "iya kulinda nini ukuba kubuyekezwe elandelayo"

ukubana abantu stage izibonda kwenzeka ebudeni kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. I-South Pole ngoku ise-Indian Ocean, kwaye ngasentla ishenxiselwe ngaphesheya Arctic Ocean ukuya eSiberia. Intsimi ngemagnethi kufutshane izibonda ngexesha elifanayo buthathaka. Kunciphisa ukungakhululeki.

Kungenzeka, lo inversion elandelayo eziphilayo emhlabeni ziya kuqhubeka. Umbuzo kuphela, zithini iindleko. Ukuba inversion kwenzeka zezinto eziphilayo kwi magnetosphere koMhlaba ixesha elifutshane, kunokuba yingozi kakhulu eluntwini. planet uqalwe kakubi eyingozi evela emkhathini. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhla kwe-ozone nako kungaba yingozi enkulu.

Tshintsha izibonda kwi ilanga, owenzeka ngo-2001, kodwa kuye kwakhokelela ukuvalwa kwama umaleko yayo ngemagnethi. Ngaba imeko efanayo on Earth, izazinzulu andazi.

Le perturbation le magnetosphere zehlabathi; igalelo abantu

Xa besondela plasma solar ekuqaleni afikelela magnetosphere. Kodwa baphazamiseka umonakalo plasma permeability kuvela iqokobhe magnetic phantsi kweemeko ezithile. plasma Solar namandla alo ukugqobhoza kungena magnetosphere. Relative ukuba izinga ekungeneni lokumpompoza eneji, kukho lunee ezintathu impendulo magnetosphere:

1. isimo Zolani le magnetosphere - iqokobhe ayitshintshi kwimo yaso izinga intshukumo amandla lincinane okanye lilingane nexabiso amandla dissipated kwi lo mhlaba otsalayo.
2. Le substorm ngemagnethi. Imeko ukuba kwenzeka kwimeko apho izinga ireyithi wokuzibhubhisa amandla engenayo ngaphezu zokubhala kunye inxalenye zokubalekela amandla kwijelo magnetosphere, ebizwa substorm. Le nkqubo iqulathe yokukhutshwa inxalenye amandla magnetospheric. Ezikhanya of isimntwiso wayo - aurora. Ezikhutshwayo amandla kwemfuneko kunokwenzeka emva kwesithuba iiyure ezi-3 iindawo polar zombini zifaka.
3. A uqhwithela Imagnethi - yinkqubo kakhulu ukuphazamiseka entsimini ngenxa yenqanaba eliphakamileyo lwezenzo amandla anikwe ngaphandle. Lo mhlaba otsalayo yi ukutshintsha kwaye emazantsi, kummandla we-ikhweyitha.

yimagnethi yomhlaba ngexesha substorms ayifani ekuhlaleni kwaye ngexesha iinkqwithela utshintsho zehlabathi. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ezi nguqu musa kwenzeka ngaphezulu kwepesenti ezimbalwa, apho amasimi zeteknoloji kancinci kakhulu.

Medicine ukholelwa ukuba izaqhwithi ngemagnethi kuchaphazela kakubi impilo yabantu. Ngeli xesha, inani lezigulane abanengxaki sisifo sentliziyo, ukudandatheka kunye nezinye izifo neuropsychiatric.

Indima magnetosphere komhlaba kuzo zonke iinkqubo ngokwezelizwe kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu. Olu daka yokhuselo ikhusela umhlaba kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezimbi yaye iphembelela iimeko zemozulu. Phantsi yempembelelo utshintsho magnetosphere yehlabathi ngokutshintsha iimpawu zemozulu, iintlobo inkunkuma yezilwanyana nezityalo, kunye nangaphezulu.