Yamandulo Greek lyric Imbongi Anacreon: biography, ubuchule

Iingoma ezipheleleyo Anacreon, nangona ukuba imbongi wayehlala BC, nangoku ugcinwe, kwaye ethandwayo. Singasathethi into yokuba umbhali wamandulo zamaGrike nempembelelo uphuhliso yehlabathi inkqubo lemfundo. Malunga ngobomi kunye nomsebenzi wale ndoda ephawulekayo kwaye siza kuthetha kweli nqaku.

Anacreon: biography

Malunga ubomi imbongi elikhulu kangako. Anakreon Born (Anakreon) malunga 570 BC. e. kwisixeko Teos, ibekwe kunxweme Ionia. imithombo eyahlukeneyo unike amagama ahlukeneyo kayise: Eumelus, Aristokrit, Skifian, Parfeny ... Owu Anacreon unina akukho rekhodi iye yasinda.

Kulo mzi, imbongi awayebuphila de malunga 545 BC. e. aze ixesha lokuba malivakale kokwakheka yayo. Kodwa namaPersi, ikhokelwa ngu kuKoreshi, weza ixesha Teos. Phambi yawa umzi, Anacreon, kunye nezinye iimbacu babalekela eThrace. Xa amazwi ombhali ngokwakhe, belilelayo ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwezinye ekulweni, kodwa impumelelo omncinane aluboniswa ukuba babe ngamachule okulwa imfazwe.

Ukudibana ne IiPolycrates

Anacreon, biography egama injongo yokubalisa yethu, wamenyelwa entendelezweni IiPolycrates uzwilakhe ka Samos. Yaba unyana a Samos intshisakalo osisityebi, zeza igunya, unamaqhinga ukutshabalalisa abanini amanene. Anacreon IiPolycrates waba ngumcebisi, wahlala kwinkundla yakhe kwiminyaka 522 BC. e.

Ngokutsho likaHerodotus, nguzwilakhe Anacreon wakholosa ephulaphula icebiso lakhe. Kubonakala ukuba ngenxa kwindawo imbongi wabhala ezininzi bacule laudatory ukuya umbusi wakhe. ubomi Anacreon kwinkundla IiPolycrates yaphela emva kokufa.

Athens

IAthene yaba sisixeko elandelayo apho ahlala Anacreon. Biography of Imbongi ithi ngoku wamenywa kwinkundla kwenye nguzwilakhe - Hipparchus. Lo mlawuli ilifa predilections kayise ezoncwadi, nto leyo kakhulu ubuchule Anacreon. Kungenxa yoko le nto uzwilakhe ithumela umbhali yonke wozakuzo, eliquka imikhumbi amahlanu-oared.

Anacreon uza eAthene kwaye Uqhelene ziimbongi ezininzi ezibalaseleyo bahlanganisana kwinkundla Hipparchus. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Simonides odumileyo ngoko.

E Athens, imbongi kuba yimpumelelo enkulu kwaye zithandwa kakhulu noluntu. Ngoko ke, Anacreon waba oqingqiweyo phezu Acropolis, ecaleni kwamanqwanqwa umhlobo wakhe ababhali namanye Xanthippe. Phakathi ayenza ixesha lonke abo ezachazwa Anacreon (ehleli okanye ukuma ngohadi ngezandla).

Ezintabeni USabine Italy ngo-1835, kwaye kwafunyaniswa oqingqiweyo yamandulo, ngoku igcinwe Galleria Borghese. Kukholelwa ukuba le Umfanekiso Anacreon.

ukufa imbongi xa

Unknown indawo ngqo kunye nexesha, xa waphumla Anacreon. Biography of umbhali phantse ndinqumle emva kokubulawa Hipparchus kunye kwawa iqela boncwadi ukuba ahlanganisene ngeenxa zonke kuye. Kungenzeka, Anacreon wabuyela emzini lakhe lokuzalwa Teos, apho wafela waza wangcwatywa, ngokutsho ubungqina Simonides. Ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, imbongi phambi kokuba abuyele kwilizwe lakhe, watyelela iyadi Thessalian ukumkani Ehekratida, ekhatshwa kule uhambo Simonides.

Anacreon okhankanywe phakathi ayevile zamaGrike. Ngokutsho ubungqina Lucian, ofundileyo umkhumbuzi, imbongi wafa kwiminyaka 85.

Kukho uguqulelo anecdotal ukufa Anacreon kaThixo, esichazwa uPliny Elder. Ngokutsho kwakhe, imbongi wafa, ukomiwa phezu imbewu yeediliya. Noko ke, le nguqulo ngokunzulu kuqwalaselwa phakathi mbali.

indalo

Kokukhona eyaziwayo ngomsebenzi imbongi kaThixo, njengoko mininzi imisebenzi yabo Abalobi Anacreon. nemibongo yakhe zabhalwa ngentetho Corinth yaye kujongwe ukuba ziculwe okanye ucengcelezwe, bekhatshwa zizikhalisi zomculo.

Yemihla ukukhankanya iincwadi ezintlanu, silungiselwe kwisikolo Alexandria. Owokuqala abathathu ibe imisebenzi ombambazelayo, owesine - ukusuka iambic, nabokugqibela - le elegiac. Ngelishwa, seva amaqhekeza ezincinane kuphela, ababalulwa ababhali kamva ezincwadini.

Phakathi kwezi ntlobo ezisetyenziswa yi Aristotle ekubhalweni imisebenzi yakhe ziquka:

• amaculo;
• Parfeny (amaculo eekwayala eyenziwa ngamabhinqa);
• uthando iingoma;
• imibongo-izikhalazo malunga ngokukhawuleza ukuza yokwaluphala kunye nolutsha, abatheni;
• bacule, ngokukodwa ookumkani ukubukelwa naye.

Imixholo kunye mibala

Imbongi yamandulo ZesiGrike nemibongo yakhe banamathele othile, ithoni intlekisa kancinci. Ingcamango bobuchule okuvakaliswa elula Anacreon kwimbono yehlabathi, isimo sengqondo isigqebelo ngayo ngokwabo nabanye. Yena yayintsha iimvakalelo enzulu, kunokutshiseka. Injongo ephambili zonke izibongo - ngabom wahlakulela ulonwabo ngocwangco kwempahla emhlabeni: iwayini, uthando, ifilosofi.

Impembelelo imibhalo yomhlaba

nempembelelo enkulu phezu inkcubeko emhlabeni Anacreon. Iindinyana imbongi zavelisa Galaxy lonke abalandeli kunye ngabaxelisa, ingakumbi kwixesha mvanje kudala kunye Renaissance kunye yiEnlightenment.

Ngoko ke, kumaxesha amandulo Anacreotea ingqokelela sadalwa, apho yonke imisebenzi zaye zabhalwa bexelisa Anacreon. Lo mbhalo siyakhuselwa kwaye sele iguqulelwe ukusuka kwisiLatini, yaye kamva yapapashwa ngo-1554. ukudalwa lokuqokelela imihla ukususela kwixesha ngexesha Alesandire. Yiyo le Anacreon Ukwakhiwa kanti udumo lwakhe zoncwadi kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.

Ukuthandwa imbongi kwiinkulungwane 17-18. phakathi ababhali yaseYurophu ngenxa imisebenzi enjalo psevdoanakreonticheskimi. Xa iincwadi Russian, abalandeli Anacreon ziquka G. R. Derzhavina, K. N. Batyushkova, M. V. Lomonosova, A. S. Pushkina.

Kuba oko Anacreon iziqu sisilumko

Iimpawu Anacreon ngaphandle izigwebo ngaye ezazikho phakathi ababephila imbongi yakhe, wayeza kuba ayiphelelanga. Ngoko ke, amaGrike Anacreon ahlonitshwe hayi kuphela nondiliseko isimbo, kodwa ngenxa ubulumko ke wabonisa ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo. Nangona indumiso kunye nothando ukungcamla nasewayinini, imbongi isoloko athobele umlinganiselo, eneneni, kwaye kwelinye. Ngenxa yoko wakwazi ukugcina ingqondo ecacileyo eliphilileyo, kumnandi ukujonga ekukwazini ubunyani ngeenxa zonke, ngaphandle kokuya kwi iimvakalelo ezinamandla yaye unzulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto kwimibongo yakhe akukho nzulu kakhulu nobutyebi yokucinga, kuba ubomi Anacreon - ukukhanya bufutshane yaye inyathelo engaphucukanga, ezele kumnandi kunye novuyo. Ngoko ke ubulula, benolungelelwano ulwimi lwakhe lwemibongo.

Kamva bezizwe Anacreon njengendoda echwayithileyo ubudala, owathi kwiminyaka akuyiphazamisi lokuba ubomi. EAthene, apho imbongi babephila ixesha elide, wabeka umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, imbonakalo yento nokuba ukucula, wotha yiwayini ngumdala.

anacreontics

Eli gama libhekisela uhlobo yoncwadi zombongo bemzukisa yonke into kunjalo wayethanda Anacreon. Oko kukuthi, bahlekisa, nokonwabela ubomi, uvuyo lobomi, isidlo, uthando. Bonke abo singa ababhali zamaGrike ebizwa anacreontics.

Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba imibongo original Anacreon weza nathi kwifomu zale, impembelelo enkulu abalandeli lesiGrike omkhulu sele ikhankanywe Anacreotea yethu ukuqokelelwa.

Imbongi yamandulo yamaGrike, ke ngoko, ivela njenge uzithathe, ngokuqhubekayo nemihlali umdala ubomi. Oku oko akubonileyo wayethandwa bomhla wakhe kunye nenzala. Noko ke, nakuba sengqondo onjalo leyinene ngeenxa zonke kuye imisebenzi zemibongo, Anacreon ebomini, ngokutsho ubungqina ababephila, yena hlukile engqondweni engaqhelekanga kunye nesimo sengqondo kakhulu ekubeni ngolwazelelelo.