Yintoni amandla okuthenga na imali?

Amandla okuthenga imali - uphawu lwemali yalo naliphi na ilizwe. Ibonisa inani lempahla (okanye iinkonzo) phantsi kwe yangoku umgangatho amaxabiso neerhafu zingathengwa kwi iyunithi le lwemali.
Le nkcazelo ezaziwa elithi "Amandla okuthenga" inikwa imisebenzi zoqoqosho kumsebenzi edume yezibalo yaseMelika, unjingalwazi e Yale University (USA), Irving Fisher, ifumene udumo ngamazwe, ngokunjalo kuzo zonke iintyilalwazi, ezomthetho izichazi-magama, ezoqoqosho. Phantsi amandla okuthenga imali (imali) ibhekisa ekukwazini lwemali ukuba kwaneso inani elithile iimveliso kunye neenkonzo ezifumanekayo ngokorhwebo.

Ngoko ke, lo phawu luthetha umxholo yokubolekisa iyunithi ubunzima zorhwebo eli lizwe. Babalwa isalathisi, yona njengamacala yexabiso isalathiso kwamaxabiso. Kuxhomekeke isakhiwo turnover kunye nexabiso lempahla.

Dictionary Economic lichaza ingqiqo njengoko umlinganiselo ingeniso kunye nexabiso amanqanaba. Oko kukuthi, ingeniso abasimiselweyo kwimpahla kunye neenkonzo ukunyuka kwexabiso kukhokelela ekuncipheni ngamandla ukuthengwa imali nganye. Imbalelwano efanayo ngokubhekiselele kwezinye izikhombisi zoqoqosho - iindleko index zokuphila.

Amandla okuthenga nayiphi lwemali - kungasisalathisi esibalulekileyo yokuqingqa ngerandi. Ukufakela izinga zibhedlela akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ulwazi amandla ukuthengwa imali nganye, t. E. Imali ubutyebi ekhoyo ukuthenga kwimarike naliphi na ilizwe ngohlobo lwemali kazwelonke.

Kude 70s zenkulungwane yama-20, eli xabiso ulinganiswa ngegolide. Umlinganiselo wegolide kunye nexabiso layo ngohlobo lwemali ziye equlethwe kuwiso-mthetho karhulumente ngamnye. Umzekelo, ixesha elide, i-dollar wayelingana 1/35 kulo ixabiso ye ounce (unit ngamazwe zegolide ubunzima bazo). Izinga lonaniselwano yayisekelwe kuthelekiswa umxholo zegolide yeeyunithi zemali ezahlukeneyo.

Okwangoku, igolide iyasetyenziswa endaweni 'ibhaskiti umsebenzisi ", t. E. A ezithile kweempahla kunye neenkonzo. Kucacile ukuba kwilizwe ngalinye labemi ukuba kuthengwe iimpahla ezifanayo uchitha izixa ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ebonisa amandla ezahlukeneyo nokuthengwa yendawo. Ukongeza, amandla nokuthengwa labemi kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto ezininzi, oyintloko phakathi kwabo - umlinganiselo phakathi iindleko "ibhaskiti umsebenzisi" kunye nomvuzo ngokwenene. Ixhomekeka linani lomntu-iiyure ezifunekayo ukuze kuthengwe imveliso.

Amandla okuthenga le engange Russian, ngokutsho iingcali, ukuwa lonyaka nge-15-25%. Finance, sidityaniswe kwi mali karhulumente ukuvala kwamaxabiso iindleko, ixesha lokuphela konyaka ukuze depreciate. Ukukhula yokwenene amaxabiso kunye Amaxabiso ngaphezu kabini ngokukhawuleza kangangoko inkxaso-mali karhulumente. Ngenxa okuqhubekayo ongekenziwa imivuzo, izibonelelo kunye inkamnkam ka ubuncinane subsistence ke sithethe kukuwa kwamandla ukuthengwa engange ungagqithanga ngaphantsi kwe-30-35% ngonyaka ngamnye.

Ngelo xesha, ophuma kuyo, abahlalutyi, ixabiso kwempahla, iinkonzo, kunye nabo, ngokulandelelana, kunye namandla ukuthengwa engange kwi kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo Russian Federation kungohluka kakhulu (izihlandlo 8-16). E. Enyanisweni ayikho yelizwe yesizwe amandla yokuthenga elinye kwilizwe lethu ngamandla.

Iqondo lonaniso le engange, ngokutsho Central Bank, hayi ngaphantsi kwe-70% kule minyaka ili-15 idluleyo, ixhaswe kumazwe zempahla ekrwada (ubukhulu becala oyile negesi) kunye neemveliso achazayo wesiqingatha-zingonakali zivela kuyo. Ngenxa oko, ke ngoko, wenza ukukhula kwezoqoqosho wathi? Ngenxa ekukhuleni amanani. Kuzo zonke izifundo ze-Federation kumashishini ezininzi kukho ukuhla kwemveliso kunye nokukhululwa zorhwebo, kodwa nokunyuka kwamaxabiso bacebisa uqoqosho okuthiwa asakhasayo.

Ukubuyisela eseleyo 'unikezelo kunye nemfuno "kwimarike yorhwebo-mali, urhulumente kufuneka balandele umgaqo zongcoliseko ukukhula ubonelelo ngemali kunye nokukhuthaza imveliso (njengoko, umzekelo, e-China ekuqaleni yokuvuselelwa emali). Xa iimeko yezithintelo zemali, umgaqo-nkqubo esukelwa ilizwe lethu ukususela ngo-1991, kukho ukwehla imveliso, kukho umyinge zendalo izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezandileyo zokulahla amaxabiso, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba ukuwa ngakumbi kwamaziko emveliso kuqoqosho.