Butadiene acrylonitrile rubber: Properties, Ukulungiselela, isicelo

Zilahlwe-butadiene yerabha (lesakhiwo), - engundoqo ekrwada ekuveliseni kwimboniselo naluphi na uhlobo irabha kunye uzinzo ngokupheleleyo eziphathekayo. Kuyinto izinto zokwenziwa polymeric ezifunyenwe copolymerization of butadiene kunye acrylonitrile (Nak). Oko kubizwa ngokuba zilahlwe, zilahlwe-butadiene, styrene-butadiene irabha okanye butakrilom. Kumazwe ngamazwe, leligama khona impahla lokumakishela lesakhiwo (zilahlwe-butadienerubber), basekhaya - lesakhiwo (zilahlwe yerabha zokwenziwa).

apho kuyimfuneko

Olu hlobo rubbers idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zamashishini apho uzinzo ebalulekileyo elilelona iimveliso zerabha ukuze eendaba afana ndlongondlongo. Okubaluleke ezinkulu iimpawu ezinjalo iirubber butadiene-zilahlwe, ezifana luthambe aphezulu kunye deformation encinane osisigxina. Le nto sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuvelisa izinto zerabha apho zihlanganiswe ngqo umbandela iikhemikhali esebenzayo - kusenokuba zonke iintlobo lamatywina, gasket, amalungu yerabha ukwanda, ithumbu oyile amafutha, drive imixwayo, amafutha, amatanki imoto, umoya kunye noshishino oyile, offset ipleyiti kunye nezinye iimveliso.

Imveliso eyenziweyo ngenxa yale irabha ntoni aludumbanga kwiincindi olunamafutha, zinendlela kunye namanzi. Ezinye iindidi kukho izinto ezinjalo lwenziwa iiglavu zombane iintambo esingxotyeni sokuhlanganisa ukuba kufuneka amandla ingakumbi eliphezulu kwaye banxibe ukuxhathisa. ukusetyenziswa kwayo ekuveliseni yokuncamathelisa ezahlukeneyo, sealants kunye nebandla amagwebu. Ngerabha sisiseko ekuveliseni yokuncamathelisa.

Nini yaye phi le irabha?

Ukufumana lesakhiwo sabhalwa ngowe-1934 eJamani. Ngelo xesha, izazinzulu isiJamani udale into eyodwa ngempahla kunye elilodwa lomenzi phantsi kwegama eliphezulu Imfono-N. Ngexesha Second World War, izinto intsha uthandwa kakhulu kwiintlobo zomkhosi kushishino.

Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwezibonelelo zendalo urhulumente liphezulu US liye lasungula inkqubo ekhethekileyo, nto leyo ithetha uphuhliso esebenzayo ngokuveliswa zilahlwe irabha kunye nezinye izinto zokwenziwa ekrwada ukuba ngerabha. Ukwenziwa phantsi izinto nkqubo kuthiwa GR-N. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, BOC uye waba ngomnye rubbers ekhethekileyo injongo ethandwa. Oveliswa kumazwe angaphezu kwama-20 ehlabathini lonke.

production of BOC

Olu hlobo lwezinto lukhutshwe polymerization eyakhayo emulsion zolwelo. Le nkqubo yenziwa omabini phezulu kwaye kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Eyona monomers eziphambili imveliso wazo - 1,3-butadiene kunye acrylonitrile (NAC), ezixutywe inani elithile. Ezi zinto asixhomekeki lobushushu. Thathela ingqalelo imithetho copolymerization zamanani, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba lona onke ngaxeshanye monomers kufuneka ilifa iimpawu i kuqamba azeotropic eziquka malunga ne-40% acrylonitrile kwi umxube monomer.

Ekuvelisweni kwale hlobo zerabha kuba yimfuneko xa intlambululo yokusihlambulula olungcono izixubisisi coagulation esetyenziselwa polymerization. Le rubbers yavelisa ukuba imali encinci yezimbiwa uthuthu ubumdaka ezililize (ubuninzi-1%). Bangakwazi esakhiwe antioxidants nebala okanye non-bala.

Yintoni BNK

Kwilizwe lethu, ziveliswe iintlobo irabha ezifana lesakhiwo-18 (SKN-18), lesakhiwo-26 (SKN-26) kunye butadiene-acrylonitrile irabha 40 (SKN-40). Isalathisi yesi istampu ibonisa inani leeyunithi acrylonitrile kwi Polymer. Zingaqulatha ngokulandelelanayo 18, 26 okanye 40% ye acrylonitrile.

Iphumelele inani components abasemthethweni, unako ukufikelela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo izinto isiphumo. Kuxhomekeka ipesenti acrylonitrile rubbers neepropati kutshintsha lukhuni, lo viscosity leoli - nepetroli ezingatshiyo. Ipesenti NAC kuchaphazela iiyunithi neziphumo aphakathi. Lo mba kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa butadiene zilahlwe rubber kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo loqoqosho lwesizwe. Noko ke, oko isetyenziswa njenge ekrwada ngenxa eyimveliso kwemiba emininzi iimveliso zerabha asetyenziswa kwimizi eziphathekayo.

izinto ezingeloncedo

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba amanqaku yerabha eyenziwe kongezwe BOC, abe entsokothileyo umsebenzi oncomekayo (amandla ephakamileyo ductility eqine, zobude, ukumelana iinyembezi kunye nokumelana lingonakali, neoli entle, amafutha nepetroli eninzi-resistant), oko ekhona kule izinto ezithile.

iimeko zokusebenza yaqiniswa ezinxulumene ukwanda uqina le ndlela okupholisa kunye nokungabikho yeoli kukhokelela kukuba izinto yerabha unako ukusebenza kuphela kwiqondo lobushushu ukuya degrees 150. Ngokwandisa lobushushu yokusebenza ngaphezulu eli xabiso, phambili esakhiweni; kwandule ke intshabalalo yerabha yamathuba emisebenzi esekelwe BNK. Ngamanye amazwi, le irabha shushu kuba nzima yaye krobo.

amaqondo aphantsi kwakhona kuchaphazela kakubi imveliso irabha, apho kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa zilahlwe irabha. Best kuba kubo ubushushu ngaphantsi -35˚S.

iinguqulelo Modern rubbers

Ukudala iimveliso irabha, kunye neseti kwiipropati ezisebenza ukuguqulwa phambili ngakumbi rubbers. Enye yezinto ezininzi ethembisa ukuguqulwa igqalwa rubbers zilahlwe butadiene hydrogenated. Baye iipropati processing kakhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso irabha.

Amavili lenziwa okusekelwe rubbers elungisiweyo, Polyvinyl chloride, unika izalathisi ophumelelayo yemozulu iyahlala (-50 degrees) kunye namaqondo yokusebenza kakhulu ukuya degrees 160. Kuyinto mkhulu imveliso eyenziweyo ngokusekelwe rubbers butadiene-zilahlwe, iyawulwa iinyembezi kunye nokumelana lingonakali. It enokumelana ngokukhutheleyo bume esebenzayo afana ndlongondlongo. Noko ke, le irabha ayikho namandla yaye liyaxhathisa. Ngoko ke, ukuphucula iimpawu uzobe olwenziwe ngocoselelo izinto, yokuba amaninzi kusetyenziswa xa zidityaniswe kunye neentlobo eqhelekileyo ye rubbers zilahlwe-butadiene.

yokuhlanganisa

Inkqubo yokuhlanganisa of zilahlwe butadiene yerabha ngokusebenzisa sulphur kunye thiuram, peroxides eziphilayo, nentlaka alkilfenolformaldegidnyh kunye organochlorines. Lobushushu kuyohluka 140˚ ukuya 190˚ Celsius. Ekwenzeni le nkqubo, kukho imbonakalo ithafa ephilisa enkulu. imigangatho ephakamileyo NAC kwandisa isantya ephilisa. Umgangatho irabha yavavanywa ngeempawu ezingundoqo curatives.

izakhiwo

Properties lesakhiwo umxholo acrylonitrile uzimisele. Olu hlobo iirubber enyibilikayo kakhulu ketones, ezinye izisombululo ezizizembiwa kunye esters. hydrocarbon Aliphatic notywala phantse nafuthe kokupheliswa yofaka. Ukunyuka ekwakhiweni ikhuthaza izinto acrylonitrile aphakathi kubonwa phakathi iintsontelo Polymer: inkulu NAC kuhlanganiselo umbandela, ayanda lexinene kwandisa imo utshintsho lobushushu yeglasi. imigangatho ephakamileyo NAC kunciphisa iimpawu Heating kwaye kunciphisa ngesidanga ukunyibilika in izinyibilikisi ibhedolaki kwandisa kwinkcaso ukudumba kwindawo hydrocarbon aliphatic.

Kuxhomekeka ikhondo polymerization iirubber, ivelise iziphawuli ezahlukeneyo plastoelasticheskimi. Bangakwazi:

• nzima kakhulu (yobulukhuni Defoe 21.5 - 27.5 N). unobumba "T" idityaniswa xa ukulabhula imigca enqamleze esiqwini irabha efana negama layo.
• Solid (ukuqina Defoe 17.5 - 21.5 N).
• Soft (ukuqina Defoe 7.5 - 11.5 N). unobumba "M" idityaniswa xa ukulabhula imigca enqamleze esiqwini irabha efana negama layo.

Kuba lesakhiwo, enziwa inxaxheba sulfonates njengoko izixubisisi, iileyibheli wongezelela ileta "C". Umzekelo, SKN-26MS - irabha ethambileyo apho-26% of wambopha langoku NAC waza wasetyenziswa nokulungiselela ezinokuboliswa ziintsholongwane alkylsulfonate emulsifier.